Fritz Diez (27 February 1901 – 19 October 1979) was a
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
**Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ger ...
actor, producer, director and theater manager.
Biography
Early life
![Meininger-Theater1](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Meininger-Theater1.jpg)
Diez's mother was a servant, and raised her three children alone. To support his family, the child began working at the age of nine. While on the 7th grade, he appeared in his class' production of ''
William Tell
William Tell (german: Wilhelm Tell, ; french: Guillaume Tell; it, Guglielmo Tell; rm, Guglielm Tell) is a folk hero of Switzerland.
According to the legend, Tell was an expert mountain climber and marksman with a crossbow who assassinated Albr ...
''. In 1920, after joining the Meiningen Ducal Theater in the role of a
supernumerary actor
Supernumerary actors are usually amateur character actors in opera and ballet performances who train under professional direction to create a believable scene.
Definition
The term's original use, from the Latin ''supernumerarius'', meant someon ...
, Diez left his work as an electrician's apprentice and began taking acting classes in the Meiningen School of Dramatic Arts. He devoted himself to professional acting ever since, appearing on the stages of theaters in
Flensburg
Flensburg (; Danish, Low Saxon: ''Flensborg''; North Frisian: ''Flansborj''; South Jutlandic: ''Flensborre'') is an independent town (''kreisfreie Stadt'') in the north of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. Flensburg is the centre of the ...
,
Hanau
Hanau () is a town in the Main-Kinzig-Kreis, in Hesse, Germany. It is located 25 km east of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main and is part of the Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region. Its Hanau Hauptbahnhof, station is a ...
,
Baden-Baden
Baden-Baden () is a spa town in the states of Germany, state of Baden-Württemberg, south-western Germany, at the north-western border of the Black Forest mountain range on the small river Oos (river), Oos, ten kilometres (six miles) east of the ...
,
Würzburg
Würzburg (; Main-Franconian: ) is a city in the region of Franconia in the north of the German state of Bavaria. Würzburg is the administrative seat of the ''Regierungsbezirk'' Lower Franconia. It spans the banks of the Main River.
Würzburg is ...
and
Eger
Eger ( , ; ; also known by other alternative names) is the county seat of Heves County, and the second largest city in Northern Hungary (after Miskolc). A city with county rights. Eger is best known for its castle, thermal baths, baroque build ...
.
[''Theater der Zeit''.](_blank)
Verband der Theaterschaffenden der DDR (September 1979). . Pages 16-21. While performing in the
Eisenach
Eisenach () is a town in Thuringia, Germany with 42,000 inhabitants, located west of Erfurt, southeast of Kassel and northeast of Frankfurt. It is the main urban centre of western Thuringia and bordering northeastern Hessian regions, situat ...
Theater, he met his future wife, actres
Martha Beschort The two married in 1923.
During 1932, while he and Martha were working in the
Stadttheater Bremerhaven
The Stadttheater Bremerhaven (Bremerhaven municipal theatre) is a theatre in Bremerhaven, Germany. Founded in 1867, it serves three genres: opera and other musical theatre, spoken plays, and dance. A theatre built on the present site in 1911 was la ...
, they both joined the
KPD
The Communist Party of Germany (german: Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands, , KPD ) was a major political party in the Weimar Republic between 1918 and 1933, an underground resistance movement in Nazi Germany, and a minor party in West German ...
. Diez, who originally was a member of the
Guild of the German Stage The Guild of the German Stage (''Genossenschaft Deutscher Bühnen-Angehöriger'', or GDBA) is the guild for people who work on the legitimate stage. Its members come from both the areas of stagecraft and artistic workers in theaters from all over Ge ...
, joined the
Profintern
The Red International of Labor Unions (russian: Красный интернационал профсоюзов, translit=Krasnyi internatsional profsoyuzov, RILU), commonly known as the Profintern, was an international body established by the Comm ...
-oriented
Revolutionary Trade Union Opposition
A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates a revolution. The term ''revolutionary'' can also be used as an adjective, to refer to something that has a major, sudden impact on society or on some aspect of human endeavor.
...
and was elected as chairman of the theater's branch.
Exile
On the morning of 28 February 1933, a day after the
Reichstag fire
The Reichstag fire (german: Reichstagsbrand, ) was an arson attack on the Reichstag building, home of the German parliament in Berlin, on Monday 27 February 1933, precisely four weeks after Nazi leader Adolf Hitler was sworn in as Chancellor of ...
, Diez's home was raided by the
Gestapo
The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe.
The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one organi ...
. On 6 March, immediately after the
elections
An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office.
Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has operate ...
, the actor was dismissed from his work for being a communist.
During 1935, Diez - fearing an interrogation by the Gestapo - had to emigrate from Germany. He and his wife traveled to
Switzerland
). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
, where he worked in the
St. Gallen Theater. Diez became involved in the communist and anti-fascist circles of German exiles that were formed in the country.
[Frithjof Trapp. ''Handbuch des deutschsprachigen Exiltheaters 1933-1945: Verfolgung und Exil deutschsprachiger Theaterkünstler''. K.G. Saur Verlag (1999). . Pages 89, 181-182, 285.] The St. Gallen Theater's manager, Theo Modes, was a supporter of the Third Reich, and Diez was "completely isolated" in his place of work. In 1943 he joined the Swiss branch of the recently founded
National Committee for a Free Germany
The National Committee for a Free Germany (german: Nationalkomitee Freies Deutschland, or NKFD) was a German anti-Nazi organization that operated in the Soviet Union during World War II.The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Occ ...
. By the end of the war, Diez headed the St. Gallen fraction of the Democratic Union of Germans in Switzerland, an offshoot of the Committee. He also edited this movement's newspaper.
German Democratic Republic
![Bundesarchiv Bild 183-E1028-0013-001, Berlin, Lesetheater in der Stadtbibliothek](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-E1028-0013-001%2C_Berlin%2C_Lesetheater_in_der_Stadtbibliothek.jpg)
Diez returned to the
Soviet-administered Meiningen in 1946. He worked in the municipal theater, first as an actor and later as a
director
Director may refer to:
Literature
* ''Director'' (magazine), a British magazine
* ''The Director'' (novel), a 1971 novel by Henry Denker
* ''The Director'' (play), a 2000 play by Nancy Hasty
Music
* Director (band), an Irish rock band
* ''D ...
and an
artistic director
An artistic director is the executive of an arts organization, particularly in a theatre or dance company, who handles the organization's artistic direction. They are generally a producer and director, but not in the sense of a mogul, since the ...
.
In 1947, he was appointed its manager. During 1952, he made his debut on screen in the
DEFA
DEFA (''Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft'') was the state-owned film studio of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) throughout the country's existence.
Since 2019, DEFA's film heritage has been made accessible and licensable on the PRO ...
film ''
Shadow Over The Islands''. He appeared in some twenty films until the end of his career, as well as in several television productions.
In 1954, Diez left Meiningen, remaining an honorable member of the theater, and instead took the position of the
Halle National Theater's manager. On 1958 he joined the
Dresden
Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label=Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth larg ...
Theater as an actor and a director. During the 1960s, he performed and directed plays in the
Volksbühne
The Volksbühne ("People's Theatre") is a theater in Berlin. Located in Berlin's city center Mitte on Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz (Rosa Luxemburg Square) in what was the GDR's capital. It has been called Berlin's most iconic theatre.
About
The Vol ...
and in the
Deutsches Theater. Diez was also a member of the German Shakespeare Society.
The figure of
Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Germany from 1933 until his death in 1945. He rose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party, becoming the chancellor in 1933 and then ...
, which he first portrayed in the Meiningen Theater during 1947, was described by Diez as an "ungrateful role which always seemed to pursue me."
He played the character on screen and in television in ten different productions - among them ''
Ernst Thälmann - Führer seiner Klasse
Ernst is both a surname and a given name, the German, Dutch, and Scandinavian form of Ernest. Notable people with the name include:
Surname
* Adolf Ernst (1832–1899) German botanist known by the author abbreviation "Ernst"
* Anton Ernst (1975- ...
'' (1955), ''
I, Justice'', ''
Frozen Flashes
''Die gefrorenen Blitze'' (''Frozen Lightning''; English-language title: Frozen Flashes; French-language title: Et l'Angleterre sera détruite, ''England Shall Be Destroyed'') is a two-part 1967 East-German film. The plot revolves around the hist ...
'' (both 1967), ''
Liberation
Liberation or liberate may refer to:
Film and television
* ''Liberation'' (film series), a 1970–1971 series about the Great Patriotic War
* "Liberation" (''The Flash''), a TV episode
* "Liberation" (''K-9''), an episode
Gaming
* '' Liberati ...
'' (1970-1), ''
Seventeen Moments of Spring
''Seventeen Moments of Spring'' (russian: Семнадцать мгновений весны, Semnadtsat' mgnoveniy vesny) is a 1973 Soviet twelve-part television series, directed by Tatyana Lioznova and based on the novel of the same title by Yu ...
'' (1973), ''
Take Aim
''Take Aim'' (russian: Выбор цели, Vybor Tzeli) is a 1974 two-part Soviet biographical drama film directed by Igor Talankin.
Plot
The film depicts the nuclear arms race that took place between all sides in the World War II and the beginni ...
'' (1974) and ''
Soldiers of Freedom
''Soldiers of Freedom'' (russian: Солдаты свободы) is a four-part 1977 film epic directed by Yuri Ozerov and starring Mikhail Ulyanov, Yevgeny Matveyev, Vasily Lanovoy. It is a World War II historical drama and the sequel to 1970- ...
'' (1977). Dilara Ozerova - the wife of Yuri Ozerov, who directed ''Liberation'' - claimed that Diez was reluctant to accept the invitation to depict Hitler in her husband's film series, fearing
typecasting
In film, television, and theatre, typecasting is the process by which a particular actor becomes strongly identified with a specific character, one or more particular roles, or characters having the same traits or coming from the same social or ...
, but had to accept it as a "
Party
A party is a gathering of people who have been invited by a host for the purposes of socializing, conversation, recreation, or as part of a festival or other commemoration or celebration of a special occasion. A party will often feature f ...
mission". Author Charles P. Mitchell wrote that the actor was "Eastern Europe's equivalent to
Bobby Watson
Robert Michael Watson Jr. (born August 23, 1953), known professionally as Bobby Watson, is an American saxophonist, composer, and educator.
Music career
Watson was born in Lawrence, Kansas, United States, and grew up in Kansas City, Kansas. He ...
in terms of the frequency of his Hitler appearances."
In 1971, Diez received the
Patriotic Order of Merit
The Patriotic Order of Merit (German: ''Vaterländischer Verdienstorden'', or VVO) was a national award granted annually in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). It was founded in 1954 and was awarded to individuals and institutions for outstanding ...
in silver. On 9 October 1979, shortly before his death, he was awarded the title of an
Honorary Citizen of Meiningen.
Fritz Diez
in a list of renowned actors from Meiningen.
Filmography
References
External links
*
Fritz Diez
defa-sternstunden.de.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Diez, Fritz
1901 births
1979 deaths
Artists from Meiningen
People from Saxe-Meiningen
German male stage actors
Communist Party of Germany politicians
Socialist Unity Party of Germany politicians
Exiles from Nazi Germany
Communists in the German Resistance
German theatre directors
German theatre managers and producers
German male film actors
German male television actors
20th-century German male actors
Recipients of the Patriotic Order of Merit in silver