Friedrich Krafft (February 21, 1852 in

Bonn The federal city of Bonn ( lat, Bonna) is a city on the banks of the Rhine in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, with a population of over 300,000. About south-southeast of Cologne, Bonn is in the southernmost part of the Rhine-Ruhr r ...

– June 3, 1923 in

Heidelberg Heidelberg (; Palatine German language, Palatine German: ''Heidlberg'') is a city in the States of Germany, German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the river Neckar in south-west Germany. As of the 2016 census, its population was 159,914 ...

) was a German

chemist A chemist (from Greek ''chēm(ía)'' alchemy; replacing ''chymist'' from Medieval Latin ''alchemist'') is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties. Chemists carefully describe th ...

. He studied with

Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz Friedrich may refer to: Names * Friedrich (surname), people with the surname ''Friedrich'' * Friedrich (given name), people with the given name ''Friedrich'' Other * Friedrich (board game), a board game about Frederick the Great and the Seven Year ...

Rudolf Clausius Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius (; 2 January 1822 – 24 August 1888) was a German physicist and mathematician and is considered one of the central founding fathers of the science of thermodynamics. By his restatement of Sadi Carnot's principle ...

and Gerhard vom Rath. In

colloid A colloid is a mixture in which one substance consisting of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance. Some definitions specify that the particles must be dispersed in a liquid, while others extend ...

al chemistry, the

Krafft temperature Krafft temperature is defined as the minimum temperature from which the micelle formation takes place. It is named after German chemist Friedrich Krafft. It has been found that solubility at the Krafft point is nearly equal to critical micelle conce ...

is named after him. In

organic chemistry Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms.Clayden, J.; ...

, the Krafft degradation reaction is named after him."Bradford P. Mundy, Michael G. Ellerd, Frank G. Favaloro, " Name reactions and reagents in organic synthesis", 2nd edition. Wiley and Sons, 2005, p.61. This reaction is a conversion of a

carboxylic acid In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group () attached to an R-group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is or , with R referring to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other group. Carboxylic ...

, typically of high molecular weight, into the next lower homolog. He also established the

boiling point The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid and the liquid changes into a vapor. The boiling point of a liquid varies depending upon the surrounding envir ...

noble metals A noble metal is ordinarily regarded as a metallic chemical element that is generally resistant to corrosion and is usually found in nature in its raw form. Gold, platinum, and the other platinum group metals (ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, os ...

and synthesised aromatic compounds containing selenium and

tellurium Tellurium is a chemical element with the symbol Te and atomic number 52. It is a brittle, mildly toxic, rare, silver-white metalloid. Tellurium is chemically related to selenium and sulfur, all three of which are chalcogens. It is occasionally fou ...

Selected publications

* ''Kurzes Lehrbuch der Chemie'' (Short Handbook of Chemistry), Leipzig and Vienna, Franz Denticke: ** Volume 1: ''Anorgan. Chemie'' (Inorganic Chemistry); 1891
Digital 3rd edition from 1898
by the

University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (german: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of th ...

** Volume 2: ''Organische Chemie'' (Organic Chemistry); 1893
Digital 2nd edition from 1897
by the

* F. Krafft, A. Stern, Hermann Wiglow: "Über das Verhalten der fettsauren Alkalien und Seifen in Gegenwart von Wasser Teil I und II" (The Behavior of the Fatty Acid Alkalis and Soaps in the Presence of Water, Parts 1 and 2). In: ''Ber. Dt. chem. Ges.'' 27 (1894), Vol. 4, pp. 1747–1761. Part 3: "Die Seife als Krystalloide" (Soap as Crystalloids), 28 (1895), Vol. 3, pp. 2566–2573. Part 4: "Die Seife als Colloide" (Soaps as Colloids), 28 (1895), Vol. 3, pp. 2573–2582. * F. Krafft, Anton Strutz: "Über das Verhalten seifenähnlicher Substanzen gegen Wasser" (The Behavior of Soaplike Substances in Water). In: ''Ber. Dt. chem. Ges.'' 29 (1896), Vol. 2, pp. 1328–1334. * F. Krafft: "Über eine Theorie der colloidalen Lösungen" (The Theory of Colloidal Solutions). In: ''Ber. Dt. chem. Ges.'' 29 (1896), Vol. 2, pp. 1334–1344. * F. Krafft, R. Funcke: "Über die Einwirkung des Wassers auf Heptylaminseifen" (The Action of Water on Heptylamine Soaps). ''Ber. Dt. chem. Ges.'' 33 (1900), Vol. 3, pp. 3210–3212.

References

19th-century German chemists Scientists from Bonn 1852 births 1923 deaths 20th-century German chemists {{Germany-chemist-stub