Friedrich Arnold (8 January 1803 – 5 July 1890) was professor emeritus of

anatomy Anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its ...

and

physiology Physiology (; ) is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system. As a sub-discipline of biology, physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical ...

at Heidelberg. He read medicine at the

University of Heidelberg } Heidelberg University, officially the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, (german: Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; la, Universitas Ruperto Carola Heidelbergensis) is a public research university in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, ...

at the same time as his elder brother, Johann Wilhelm Arnold (1801–1873). Arnold studied anatomy under

Friedrich Tiedemann Friedrich Tiedemann Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS HFRSE (23 August 178122 January 1861) was a German anatomist and physiologist. He was an expert on the anatomy of the brain. Tiedemann spent most of his life as professor of anatomy and physi ...

(1781–1861) and

Vincenz Fohmann Vincenz Fohmann (5 April 1794 – 25 September 1837) was a German anatomist, born in Assamstadt, today located in Baden-Württemberg. He studied medicine at the University of Heidelberg, where under the guidance of Friedrich Tiedemann (1781� ...

(1794-1837). He became a doctor of medicine on 7 September 1825 at Heidelberg, where several years later, he became an associate professor. From 1835, he worked at the universities of Zurich,

Freiburg Freiburg im Breisgau (; abbreviated as Freiburg i. Br. or Freiburg i. B.; Low Alemannic: ''Friburg im Brisgau''), commonly referred to as Freiburg, is an independent city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. With a population of about 230,000 (as o ...

and

Tübingen Tübingen (, , Swabian: ''Dibenga'') is a traditional university city in central Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated south of the state capital, Stuttgart, and developed on both sides of the Neckar and Ammer rivers. about one in thr ...

, returning to Heidelberg in 1852 as a professor of anatomy and

. Following his retirement, he was replaced at Heidelberg by Carl Gegenbaur (1826-1903). The auricular branch of the

vagus nerve The vagus nerve, also known as the tenth cranial nerve, cranial nerve X, or simply CN X, is a cranial nerve that interfaces with the parasympathetic control of the heart, lungs, and digestive tract. It comprises two nerves—the left and right ...

was nicknamed "

Arnold's nerve The auricular branch of the vagus nerve is often termed the Alderman's nerve or Arnold's nerve. The latter name is an eponym for Friedrich Arnold. The auricular branch of the vagus nerve supplies sensory innervation to the skin of the ear canal, t ...

" after he described the reflex of coughing when the ear is stimulated. Other eponyms that contain his name are "Arnold's ganglion" (

otic ganglion The otic ganglion is a small parasympathetic ganglion located immediately below the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa and on the medial surface of the mandibular nerve. It is functionally associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve and in ...

) and "Arnold's canal" (a passage of the

petrous portion of the temporal bone The petrous part of the temporal bone is pyramid-shaped and is wedged in at the base of the skull between the sphenoid and occipital bones. Directed medially, forward, and a little upward, it presents a base, an apex, three surfaces, and three an ...

for the

auricular branch of the vagus nerve The auricular branch of the vagus nerve is often termed the Alderman's nerve or Arnold's nerve. The latter name is an eponym for Friedrich Arnold. The auricular branch of the vagus nerve supplies sensory innervation to the skin of the ear canal, t ...

.Friedrich Arnold
@

Who Named It ''Whonamedit?'' is an online English-language dictionary of medical eponyms and the people associated with their identification. Though it is a dictionary, many eponyms and persons are presented in extensive articles with comprehensive bibliograph ...

He was also

privy counsellor The Privy Council (PC), officially His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, is a privy council, formal body of advisers to the British monarchy, sovereign of the United Kingdom. Its membership mainly comprises Politics of the United King ...

Heidelberg Heidelberg (; Palatine German language, Palatine German: ''Heidlberg'') is a city in the States of Germany, German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the river Neckar in south-west Germany. As of the 2016 census, its population was 159,914 ...

Principal writings

* ''Tabulae anatomicae, quas ad naturam accurate descriptas in lucem edidit''; 1838–42 * ''Abbildungen der Gelenke und Bänder des menschlichen Körpers''; Zürich, 1843 (with his brother, Wilhelm): Lehrbuch der Physiologie des Menschen - Pictures of

joints A joint or articulation (or articular surface) is the connection made between bones, ossicles, or other hard structures in the body which link an animal's skeletal system into a functional whole.Saladin, Ken. Anatomy & Physiology. 7th ed. McGraw- ...

and

ligament A ligament is the fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to other bones. It is also known as ''articular ligament'', ''articular larua'', ''fibrous ligament'', or ''true ligament''. Other ligaments in the body include the: * Peritoneal li ...

s of the human body. * ''Handbuch der Anatomie des Menschen''; 3 volumes, 1843–51 - Textbook of

human anatomy The human body is the structure of a human being. It is composed of many different types of cells that together create tissues and subsequently organ systems. They ensure homeostasis and the viability of the human body. It comprises a he ...

References

Pagel: Biographical Dictionary
outstanding physicians of the nineteenth century. Berlin, Vienna, 1901, Sp 47-49.

External links

* 1803 births 1890 deaths People from Edenkoben German physiologists Medical educators Heidelberg University alumni Academic staff of Heidelberg University Academic staff of the University of Freiburg Academic staff of the University of Zurich Academic staff of the University of Tübingen {{Germany-scientist-stub