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Helga Frideborg "Frida" Maria Stéenhoff, née ''Wadström'' (11 December 1865, in
H F (Frida) M Stéenhoff, urn:sbl:20046, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Ellinor Melander), hämtad 2016-01-03.
Helga Frideborg "Frida" Maria Stéenhoff, née ''Wadström'' (11 December 1865, in Stockholm
Stockholm () is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, largest city of Sweden as well as the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, largest urban area in Scandinavia. Approximately 980,000 people liv ...
– 22 June 1945, in Stockholm), was a Swedish writer and women's rights activist. She was a leading participant of the public debate of gender equality and a contributor of several radical progressive publications. She was engaged in the women suffrage
Women's suffrage is the right of women to vote in elections. Beginning in the start of the 18th century, some people sought to change voting laws to allow women to vote. Liberal political parties would go on to grant women the right to vot ...
movement and several humanitarian organisations.
During World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, she participated in anti-fascist work. Frida Stéenhoff was a leading central figure of the free love
Free love is a social movement that accepts all forms of love. The movement's initial goal was to separate the state from sexual and romantic matters such as marriage, birth control, and adultery. It stated that such issues were the concern ...
movement in Sweden, for birth control
Birth control, also known as contraception, anticonception, and fertility control, is the use of methods or devices to prevent unwanted pregnancy. Birth control has been used since ancient times, but effective and safe methods of birth contr ...
, sex and romance without marriage, and critical toward the institution of marriage, subjects for which she became controversially known by her debut novel
A debut novel is the first novel a novelist publishes. Debut novels are often the author's first opportunity to make an impact on the publishing industry, and thus the success or failure of a debut novel can affect the ability of the author to p ...
: ''Lejonets unge'' (Lion's Child) from 1896. She is credited with having introduced the modern concept of feminism in Sweden with her publication ''Feminismens moral'' (Feminist Morality) from 1903.
She used the male pseudonym Harald Gate. She was among the contributors to the feminist magazine ''Tidevarvet
''Tidevarvet'' (Swedish: ''The Epoch'') was a weekly political and feminist magazine existed between November 1923 and December 1936 in Stockholm, Sweden.
History and profile
''Tidevarvet'' was established in 1923. The first issue appeared on ...
''.
Frida Stéenhoff was born to the chaplain Carl Bernhard Philonegros Wadström (1831–1918) and Helga Westdahl (1838–1879) and the sister of the suffragist and writer Ellen Hagen
Ellen Helga Louise Hagen (''née'' Wadström; 1873–1967) was a Swedish suffragette, women's rights activist and politician. She was a member of the National Association for Women's Suffrage, the chairperson of Liberala kvinnor (Liberal Women) ...
. In 1887 she married the physician Gotthilf Stéenhoff.
Works
Novels and serials
* 1902 - ''Det heliga arvet'' * 1904 - ''Öknen'' * 1911 - ''Kring den heliga elden'' * 1915 - ''Ljusa bragder och mörka dåd'' * 1918 - ''Filippas öden'' * 1937 - ''Objektiv stats- och könsmoral''Plays
* 1896 - ''Lejonets unge'' * 1898 - ''Sin nästas hustru'' * 1900 - ''Ärkefienden'' * 1907 - ''Stridbar ungdom'' * 1908 - ''Den vita duvans samfund'' * 1910 - ''Den smala vägen'' * 1911 - ''Kärlekens rival''Essays and other publications
* 1903 - Feminismens moral * 1904 - Den reglementerade prostitutionen * 1905 - Humanitet och barnalstring * 1905 - Varför skola kvinnorna vänta * 1907 - Fosterlandskänslan * 1908 - Penningen och kärleken * 1909 - Riktlinjerna i mitt författaskap * 1910 - Teatern och livet * 1910 - Det nya folket * 1912 - Minfru, fru eller fröken * 1912 - Äktenskap och demokrati * 1913 - Könsslaveri * 1915 - Krigets herrar - världens herrar * 1924 - Samtal med en borgmästare om prostitutionen (Tidevarvet 1924(2):8, s. 4, 5, 6) * 1924 - Ellen Key och Nikodemus (Tidevarvet 1924(2):49, s. 1, 6) * 1925 - Babels förbistring: angående befolkningsproblem ... (Tidevarvet 1925(3):7, s. 3) * 1925 - Bör nutidsmänniskan tro på drömmar? (Tidevarvet 1925(3):14, s. 4) * 1925 - Vad unnar han henne? (Tidevarvet 1925(3):17, s. 4 ) * 2007 - Blott ett annat namn för ljus: Tre texter av Frida Stéenhoff (innehåller Feminismens moral, Ett sällsamt öde och Lejonets unge)See also
*Alfhild Agrell
Alfhild Teresia Agrell (14 January 1849 – 8 November 1923) was a Swedish writer and playwright.
She is known for her works about sexual equality in opposition to the contemporary sexual double standard, and as such a participator in the fa ...
* Agnes von Krusenstjerna
* Sedlighetsdebatten
The Nordic sexual morality debate (Danish: ''sædelighedsfejden'', Swedish: ''sedlighetsdebatten'', Norwegian: ''sedelighetsdebatten'') was the name for a cultural movement and public debate in Scandinavia in the 1880s, where sexuality and sexual ...
References
* Ahlund, Claes, "Krig och kultur i konservativ och radikal belysning. Annie Åkerhielm och Frida Stéenhoff från sekelskiftet till första världskriget", Samlaren, Uppsala, årg.126 (2005), s. 97-150H F (Frida) M Stéenhoff, urn:sbl:20046, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Ellinor Melander), hämtad 2016-01-03.
Further reading
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Steenhoff, Frida 1865 births 1945 deaths 20th-century Swedish journalists Swedish women's rights activists 19th-century Swedish women writers Pseudonymous women writers 20th-century Swedish women writers 19th-century pseudonymous writers 20th-century pseudonymous writers Journalists from Stockholm