French Schooner Étoile

''Étoile'' ("star") is a French naval schooner used as a training vessel. She was built in 1932 as a replica of a cod fishing vessel used off Iceland, as a training ship of the students of the École navale. During the Second World War, ''Étoile'' sailed to the United Kingdom after the Fall of France and was used by the Free French Naval Forces, returning to Brest in 1945. The schooner as well as her sister ship are still used by the École Navale as training ships in European waters.

Description and design

In the early 20th century, the French Navy scrapped its aging traditional sailing ships, in 1904, and ''Borda'' in 1914. In the following years, it emerged that student officers would benefit from at least some sailing training. Since it would consist only in short cruises around Brest, France, rather than long cruises, the school decided not to build a three- masted ship. Instead, it chose a replica of a cod fishing schooner, which had the advantage of being both maneuverable, and strong enough to sustain the weather of the winter around Brest. in 1931, the Ministry of the Navy ordered two such ships, as to allow enough of the students to embark at the same time. The first was , and the second, ''Étoile''.

''Étoile'' was launched on 7 July 1932, at the unusual hour of 0100 in the morning. Lieutenant Richard, who oversaw construction for the Navy, was worried that ''Étoile'' would not be completed for the launch date, and had had an argument with Lemaistre, the engineer in charge of construction. Lemaistre proceeded to the launch in the night of the day chosen for the ceremony, and officials coming for the occasion were surprised to find ''Étoile'' already afloat.

Career

From September 1932 ''Belle Poule'' and ''Étoile'' served with the École navale in their normal role. In the morning of 18 June 1940, Lieutenant-Commander Cros, in charge of both schooners, was ordered to prepare for evacuating the students of the school in the face of the German invasion of France. The crew of both ships were ready by 1400, and they departed at 1500. At 1700, they had joined ', ''Jean-Frédéric'' and ''Notre-Dame-de-France''. The ships crossed the English Channel during the night, and arrived at Falmouth on 19 June around 1700.

The British boarded ''Belle Poule'' in the night of 2 July as part of Operation Catapult, taking the French personnel prisoner. They turned the ships to the FNFL on 20 September. Both ships were demagnetised as a precaution against mines, and armed with two Hotchkiss Mle 1914 machine guns. On 16 November 1940, the ''Belle Poule'' and ''Étoile'' left Falmouth and sailed to Portsmouth to join the Free French naval school, held on ''Président-Théodore-Tissier''. Two days later, they were attacked by a bomber, but the four bombs that it released fell hundreds of metres away and did not cause damage. From November 1940 ''Étoile'' underwent a refit, when she was painted grey, and she was used as a store ship for the gunnery school .

On 15 April 1944, ''Belle Poule'' and ''Étoile'' departed for West Hartlepool, ''Étoile'' towing ''Belle Poule'' for most of the journey due to an engine failure. They arrived on 13 May and were put in the reserve. In late September 1945, ''Belle Poule'' and ''Étoile'' returned to Brest. From October they were appointed to the École navale again, but were in such bad condition that they stayed under refit until mid-1947. Their engines were replaced with Deutz AG engines taken from German trucks.

''Belle Poule'' and ''Étoile'' sail around Brest during the winter, and occasionally participate in meetings during the summer, mainly in European waters. In 1975, they had a refit, and the engines were replaced with Baudoin DNP8. In 2009, they crossed the Atlantic to New York.

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Etoile
Cold War auxiliary ships of France
Ships of the Free French Naval Forces
Auxiliary ships of France
Individual sailing vessels
Schooners of the French Navy
World War II auxiliary ships of France
1932 ships
Replica ships
Sail training ships