There is a small community of French people in Senegal, reflecting
Senegal
Senegal,; Wolof: ''Senegaal''; Pulaar: 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤠(Senegaali); Arabic: السنغال ''As-Sinighal'') officially the Republic of Senegal,; Wolof: ''Réewum Senegaal''; Pulaar : 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤠...
's history under
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
's rule as a part of
French West Africa.
Migration history
During the period of French rule, there were almost no official controls on settlement by French nationals into the colonies. The European community of Dakar was dominated by the French, but also including whites from outside France. The community was marked by significant divisions of social class: in particular, French men in the colonial administration looked down on the rest of the European population.
Aside from the administrators, the French population in Senegal during the period between the world wars contained rich merchant families from
Bordeaux
Bordeaux ( , ; Gascon oc, Bordèu ; eu, Bordele; it, Bordò; es, Burdeos) is a port city on the river Garonne in the Gironde department, Southwestern France. It is the capital of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, as well as the prefect ...
as well as smaller traders and their employees, as well as a large transient population of missionaries and travellers. French people required no identity cards or passports to travel in Senegal, making it easy to assume false identities and creating significant difficulties in policing them. Administrators expressed frustration with the influx of criminals and other "undesirables" from metropolitan France, which ran counter to what they saw as the French "civilising mission" to present "morally upright" role models for Africans to emulate.
When
Senegal achieved independence in 1960, there were estimated to be 40,000 French people in the country, three-fourths in
Dakar
Dakar ( ; ; wo, Ndakaaru) (from :wo:daqaar, daqaar ''tamarind''), is the capital city, capital and List of cities in Senegal, largest city of Senegal. The city of Dakar proper has a population of 1,030,594, whereas the population of the Dakar ...
alone. Though Dakar in particular featured a far higher proportion of non-indigenous population than many surrounding African countries in which racial conflict had become apparent, inter-ethnic relations there were characterised by an "apparent absence of any colour problem" . It had been expected that most French would soon return to France after independence, but a decade later, there were still 29,000 living in the country, involved with French aid and capital investment; their presence reflected the continued dependence of France's African colonies on the ''métropole''.
By the 21st century, Senegal had also become home to an increasing population of poor and even destitute French expatriates. Taking advantage of low-cost air travel, they arrived in Senegal as sight-seers but then remained in the country due to the relatively lax entry requirements, and cut off their ties with French society. Some of them developed health issues such as
meningoencephalitis
Meningoencephalitis (; from ; ; and the medical suffix ''-itis'', "inflammation"), also known as herpes meningoencephalitis, is a medical condition that simultaneously resembles both meningitis, which is an infection or inflammation of the menin ...
,
staphylococcal infection of the skin, and the like, worsened by their failure or inability to seek medical attention.
Politics
9,517 French expatriates came to polling stations in Dakar to vote in the
2007 French presidential election.
Notable people
*
Colette Senghor (1925-2019), first
First Lady of Senegal (1960-1980)
*
Viviane Wade (born 1932), third
First Lady of Senegal (2000-2012)
*
Léa Buet
Léa Buet (born 20 March 1989) is a French-born Senegalese judoka who competed in the women's 57 kg class.
Career France
Buet started playing judo at a young age at Dinan. She played at the Anne-de-Bretagne college in Rennes, then for clubs at P ...
(born 1989), French-Senegalese judoka (2015 African Games)
*
Jeanne Boutbien (born 1999), French-Senegalese swimmer (2020 Olympics)
Footnotes
Bibliography
*
*
*
*
Further reading
*
*
** Based on
{{French diaspora
Senegal
Senegal,; Wolof: ''Senegaal''; Pulaar: 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤠(Senegaali); Arabic: السنغال ''As-Sinighal'') officially the Republic of Senegal,; Wolof: ''Réewum Senegaal''; Pulaar : 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤠...