French Ironclad Jeanne D'Arc

''Jeanne d'Arc'' was a wooden-hulled armored corvette built for the French Navy in the late 1860s. She was named for Joan of Arc, a Roman Catholic saint and heroine of the Hundred Years War. ''Jeanne d'Arc'' participated in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871 and remained in commission afterwards, unlike many of her sisters. The ship was condemned in 1883, but nothing further is known as to her disposition.

Design and description

The sIronclad is the all-encompassing term for armored warships of this period. Armored corvettes were originally designed for the same role as traditional wooden corvettes, but this rapidly changed as the size and expense of these ships caused them to be used as second-class armored ships. were designed as improved versions of the armored corvette suitable for foreign deployments. Unlike their predecessor the ''Alma''-class ships were true central battery ironclads as they were fitted with armored transverse bulkheads.de Balincourt and Vincent-Bréchignac 1976, p. 26 Like most ironclads of their era they were equipped with a metal-reinforced ram.Gardiner, p. 302

''Jeanne d'Arc'' measured between perpendiculars, with a beam of . She had a mean draft of and displaced . Her crew numbered 316 officers and men.

Propulsion

The ship had a single horizontal return connecting-rod steam engine driving a single propeller. Her engine was powered by four oval boilers. On sea trials the engine produced and the ship reached . Unlike all of her sisters except , she had two funnels, mounted side by side. ''Jeanne d'Arc'' carried of coal which allowed the ship to steam for at a speed of . She was barque-rigged and had a sail area of .

Armament

''Jeanne d'Arc'' mounted four of her Modèle 1864 breech-loading guns in the central battery on the battery deck. The other two 194-millimeter guns were mounted in barbettes on the upper deck, sponsoned out over the sides of the ship. The four guns were also mounted on the upper deck. She may have exchanged her Mle 1864 guns for Mle 1870 guns. The armor-piercing shell of the 20-caliber Mle 1870 gun weighed while the gun itself weighed . The gun fired its shell at a muzzle velocity of and was credited with the ability to penetrate a nominal of wrought iron armour at the muzzle. The guns could fire both solid shot and explosive shells.

Armor

''Jeanne d'Arc'' had a complete wrought iron waterline belt, approximately high. The sides of the battery itself were armored with of wrought iron and the ends of the battery were closed by bulkheads of the same thickness. The barbette armor was thick, backed by of wood.de Balincourt and Vincent-Bréchignac 1976, p. 27 The unarmored portions of her sides were protected by iron plates.

Service

''Jeanne d'Arc'' was laid down at Cherbourg in 1865 and launched on 28 September 1867. The ship began her sea trials on 9 March 1868 and was put into reserve at Brest in 1869. She was commissioned on 12 April 1870, shortly before the Franco-Prussian War began, and assigned to the Northern Squadron.de Balincourt and Vincent-Bréchignac 1976, p. 29 On 24 July 1870 she departed Cherbourg in company with the rest of the Northern Squadron and they cruised off the Danish port of Frederikshavn between 28 July and 2 August until they entered the Baltic Sea. The squadron, now renamed the Baltic Squadron, remained in the Baltic, attempting to blockade Prussian ports on the Baltic until ordered to return to Cherbourg on 16 September.de Balincourt and Vincent-Bréchignac 1975, p. 30 On 1 August 1873 ''Jeanne d'Arc'' was in Málaga, Spain and departed later that day bound for Cadiz.

On 21 July 1875, ''Jeanne d'Arc'' was participating in a naval exercise involving six ironclads – the broadside ironclad , operating as the flagship, and five central battery ironclads including ''Jeanne d′Arc'' – and a number of smaller ships in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the east coast of Corsica . The ironclads were steaming in beautiful weather at in two parallel columns, with ''Magenta'' leading one column, followed by ''Jeanne d′Arc'' and , and leading the other, followed by and , when at 12:00 noon the admiral commanding the squadron ordered the screw corvette , operating as a dispatch vessel, to pass astern of ''Magenta'' to receive orders. Attempting to place his ship in the column between ''Magenta'' and ''Jeanne d′Arc'', the commanding officer of ''Forfait'' misjudged his turn, and ''Jeanne d′Arc'' collided with ''Forfait''. The impact was barely noticeable aboard ''Jeanne d′Arc'', but her ram bow tore into ''Forfait''s side. ''Forfait'' sank 14 minutes later, her crew of 160 taking safely to her boats; her commanding officer floated free from the bridge as ''Forfait'' sank beneath him, but also was rescued.dawlishchronicles.blogspot.com The ramming of the ''Forfait'' by the ''Jeanne d’Arc'', 1875
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On 3 December 1875, ''Jeanne d′Arc'' became the flagship of Rear Admiral Bonie, but she was placed in reserve on 1 January 1876 at Brest, France. ''Jeanne d'Arc'' was recommissioned on 12 April 1879 for service with the Levant Squadron. She was condemned on 28 August 1883 and nothing further is known of her fate.

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Jeanne D'arc
Ships built in France
Alma-class ironclads
1867 ships
Maritime incidents in July 1875