French Frigate Insurgente (1793)

''L'Insurgente'' was a 40-gun of the French Navy, launched in 1793. During the Quasi War with the United States, the United States Navy frigate , with Captain Thomas Truxtun in command, captured her off the island of Nevis. After her capture she served in the United States Navy as USS ''Insurgent'', patrolling the waters in the West Indies. In September 1800 she was caught up in a severe storm and was presumed lost at sea.

French frigate ''L'Insurgente''

''L'Insurgente'' was built by Pierre-Joseph Pénétreau at Lorient and launched on 27 April 1793.Demerliac (1996), p.68, No. 421.

In January or February 1794, ''L'Insurgente'' captured ''Ann'' off Cape Clear Island as ''Ann'' was sailing from Newfoundland to Bristol. ''L'Insurgente'' put a prize crew aboard ''Ann'', but left her mate and three other men on board. When ''Ann'' was in sight of the French coast, the British sailors succeeded in recapturing her from the prize crew; the British then took ''Ann'' into Vigo.

On 16 January 1794 ''L'Insurgente'' captured the American ship and brought her into Brest. ''John and James'' had been built at Philadelphia for George Morrison of Petersburg, Virginia. She had left Petersburg with 450 hogsheads of tobacco and 12,000 staves. On 27 December 1794 the Tribunal of Commerce ordered ''John and James'' released to Captain James Johnson and the Committee of Public Safety awarded him a payment of 20,000 ''livres tournois''.

On 25 April ''L'Insurgente'' captured ''Freundschaft Lourentz'', Colandt, master, as ''Freundschaft Lourentz'' was sailing from Lisbon to London. However two "Scilly boats" (i.e., boats from the Isles of Scilly), recaptured her the next day and brought her into St Ives, Cornwall.

On 5 December 1797 ''Insurgente'' captured as ''Prince Frederick'' was returning from Madras and Bengal. ''Prince Frederick'' was so badly damaged in the engagement that she sank soon afterwards. Her people, however, were saved. The EIC put a value of £59,981 on the cargo that it had lost.

Battle with ''Constellation''

On 9 February 1799, after being at sea for three days, spotted ''L'Insurgente'' approximately northeast off Nevis. ''L'Insurgente'', a fully-rigged frigate, was considered one of the fastest sailing vessels in the world at the time; three weeks earlier she had encountered ''Constellation'' but was able to outrun her and escape. Shortly after being spotted by ''Constellation'' this second time the ships encountered a squall during which a violent gust of wind snapped ''L'Insurgente''s topmast, impairing her speed. As ''Constellation'' approached, Captain Michael-Pierre Barreaut first attempted to seek haven by making for St. Eustatius, but to no avail, where ''L'Insurgente'' hauled wind and assumed a starboard tack. After being overtaken she hoisted American colors, at which time ''Constellation'' hoisted the private signals. Unable to respond appropriately, she gave up her attempt at disguise and Captain Barreaut ordered the French tri-colors hoisted and a gun fired to windward to signal the challenge where ''L'Insurgente'' boldly sat in wait to be engaged. This was the first time since the American Revolution that a shot had been fired from an enemy vessel at an American ship. Captain Thomas Truxtun gave the order to clear the deck of ''Constellation'' for action and the boatswain sounded the whistle. Both ships bore up to take positions to engage. ''Constellation'' fired the first broadside, double-shotted, inflicting much damage to the French vessel's hull and killing many in the first minute of the engagement. ''L'Insurgente'' responded and fired a broadside, inflicting much damage to ''Constellation''s rigging and top foremast, which was almost cut off. At 3:30 pm after an hour and a half of running battle and several raking broadsides from ''Constellation'', ''L'Insurgente'' struck her colors. First Lieutenant John Rodgers, Midshipman David Porter along with eleven men were put on board the captured vessel to take possession and to secure the prisoners who were sent to the lower hold. She had lost 70 men from a crew of 409, while ''Constellation'', badly damaged also, only lost three out of a complement of 309. This was the first post-Revolutionary War American victory against a foreign naval vessel.

There were no handcuffs to be found and the prisoners seem disposed to rebel. Accordingly, Rodgers placed sentries at the hatch, armed with blunderbusses and under orders to open fire should the prisoners attempt to breach the hatch way.

Service in US Navy

The US Navy considered ''Insurgent'' a prize in the Quasi-War with France. The frigate was taken to the West Indies and refitted for service in the young American navy. She cruised under Lt. John Rodgers in company with ''Constellation'' until May 1799. Ordered back to the United States, ''Insurgent'' was purchased by the Navy for $84,500. Commissioned with Captain Alexander Murray in command, ''Insurgent'' sailed from Hampton Roads for Europe on 14 August 1799. Cruising in European waters during the winter of 1799–1800, the frigate captured the French ship ''Vendémiaire'' and recaptured the American ships ''Margaret'', ''Angora'', ''Commerce'', and ''William and Mary''. ''Insurgent'' returned to the United States in March 1800 via the West Indies.

Loss

On 29 April 1800 Patrick Fletcher assumed command and was ordered to cruise between the West Indies and the American coast to protect American shipping interests and to capture any enemy vessels he encountered. ''Insurgent'' departed Baltimore on 22 July and after a brief stop at Hampton Roads sailed for her station 8 August 1800. She was never heard from again, and the frigate and her crew were presumed lost during the severe storm that struck the West Indies on 20 September 1800. U.S.Navy, DANFS, ''Insurgent'' prgh.3 This storm is also thought to have sunk , which likewise vanished without a trace.

See also

* List of French sail frigates
* Original six frigates of the United States Navy
* List of ships captured in the 18th century
* Glossary of nautical terms (A-L)
* Glossary of nautical terms (M-Z)

Citations

References

''Insurgent''
DANFS
*Demerliac, Alain (1996) ''La Marine De Louis XVI: Nomenclature Des Navires Français De 1774 À 1792''. (Nice: Éditions OMEGA).
*
* ''Reports from the Select Committee of the House of Commons appointed to enquire into the present state of the affairs of the East India Company, together with the minutes of evidence, an appendix of documents, and a general index'', (1830).
* Powell, John Williams Darmer (1930) ''Bristol privateers and ships of war''. (Bristol: J.W. Arrowsmith).
*
* Williams, Greg. H. (2009) ''The French Assault on American Shipping, 1793-1813: A History and Comprehensive Record of Merchant Marine Losses''. (McFarland).

{{DEFAULTSORT:Insurgent (1799
1793 ships
Sailing frigates of the United States Navy
Quasi-War ships of the United States
Missing ships
Ships lost with all hands
Ships built in France
Captured ships
Maritime incidents in 1800
Frigates of the French Navy
Shipwrecks