French Destroyer Fronde

''Fronde'' was a built for the French Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. Completed in 1903, the ship was initially assigned to the Mediterranean Squadron (), but was transferred to the Far East the following year. The ship was wrecked during a typhoon in 1906, but was salvaged and returned to service. She participated in the Battle of Penang in 1914, a few months after the beginning of the World War I. ''Fronde'' was transferred to the Mediterranean in 1915 and remained there for the war. The ship was sold for scrap in 1920.

Design and description

The ''Arquebuse'' class was designed as a faster version of the preceding . The ships had an overall length of ,Roberts, p. 377 a beam of , and a maximum draft of .Couhat, p. 86 They normally displaced and at deep load. The two vertical triple-expansion steam engines each drove one propeller shaft using steam provided by two du Temple Guyot or Normand boilers. The engines were designed to produce a total of for a designed speed of , all the ships exceeded their contracted speed during their sea trials with ''Fronde'' reaching a speed of . They carried enough coal to give them a range of at . Their crew consisted of four officers and fifty-eight enlisted men.

The main armament of the ''Arquebuse''-class ships consisted of a single gun forward of the bridge and six Hotchkiss guns in single mounts, three on each broadside. They were fitted with two single rotating mounts for torpedo tubes on the centerline, one between the funnels and the other on the stern.

Construction and career

''Fronde'' (French for " sling") was ordered from Chantiers et Ateliers de la Gironde on 14 November 1900 and the ship was laid down in January 1901 at its shipyard in Bordeaux-Lormont. She was launched on 17 December 1902 and conducted her sea trials during January-March 1903. The ship was commissioned () in April and was assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet.Roberts, p. 379 ''Fronde'' and her sister ship were used to conduct the navy's first trials with wireless telegraphy. The two destroyers and their sister were transferred to the Far East Squadron () based in French Indochina in April 1904. They sailed in company with the protected cruiser .Le Masson, p. 137

''Fronde'' was wrecked in the 1906 typhoon that hit Hong Kong; the storm rolled the ship onto the beach, and five of her crew were killed in the accident.Heaver, 2018. The ship was raised and then dry docked in Kowloon to be repaired by the Hong Kong Dock Company. The ''Fronde'' Memorial, a granite obelisk, was erected in May 1908 in memory of the five sailors of the ''Fronde'' who disappeared in the sinking of their boat near the Torpedo Depot, in Kowloon. Initially erected at the corner of Gascoigne Road and Jordan Road, the monument was later relocated to Hong Kong Cemetery in Happy Valley.

In March 1907, the three destroyers were assigned to the newly formed 1st China Sea Torpedo Boat Flotilla () of the Far East Squadron. As of 1911, the renamed Naval Division of the Far East () consisted of the armored cruisers and , the old torpedo cruiser , ''Fronde'' and two other destroyers, six torpedo boats, and four submarines, along with a number of smaller vessels. ''Fronde'' was reduced to reserve in March 1914.

World War I

At the start of World War I in August 1914, the Naval Division of the Far East included ''Fronde'', ''Pistolet'' and ''Mousquet'', and the armored cruisers and ''Dupleix'', along with ''D'Iberville''. The unit was based in Saigon in French Indochina. The destroyers and ''D'Iberville'' were initially sent to patrol the Strait of Malacca while the armored cruisers were sent north to join the search for the German East Asia Squadron. ''D'Iberville'' and the destroyers conducted patrols in the strait, searching for the German unprotected cruiser , which was known to be passing through the area at the time; the French ships failed to locate the German vessel.

''Fronde'' was present in the harbor at Penang, a British Crown colony, on 27 October 1914, moored alongside her sister ''Pistolet''. The other major Triple Entente ships in the harbor included ''D'Iberville'' and the Russian protected cruiser . In the early hours of 28 October, the German light cruiser entered the harbor to attack the Entente vessels there. In the ensuing Battle of Penang, ''Emden'' quickly torpedoed and sank ''Zhemchug''. As ''Emden'' turned to leave the harbor, ''Fronde'' and ''D'Iberville'' opened fire, but their gun crews fired wildly and failed to score any hits on the German raider. The German vessel then encountered ''Fronde''s sister ''Mousquet'', which was returning to Penang when the attack began. ''Emden'' quickly sank ''Mousquet'' and stopped to pick up survivors, but in the meantime, ''Fronde'' had gotten underway and attempted to close with ''Emden''. The Germans fled, pursued by ''Fronde'', for about two hours before ''Emden'' was able to disappear into a rain squall.

In March 1915, ''Fronde'' was fully reactivated and returned to France where she served in the Mediterranean for the rest of the war. The ship rescued 45 survivors from the after it had been torpedoed and sunk by a German submarine in the Straits of Messina on 27 June 1917. She was one of five destroyers that escorted the predreadnought battleship from Bizerte, French Tunisia, to Toulon in September 1917. By 1918 the ship had been assigned to the 8th Destroyer Flotilla (). On 3 July, ''Fronde'' collided with the submarine chaser ''C.43'', resulting in the loss of the latter vessel.Silverstone, p. 109 She was struck from the naval register on 30 October 1919 and sold for scrap in Toulon on 6 May 1920.

References

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External links

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* Details about the ''Fronde''

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fronde
1902 ships
Arquebuse-class destroyers
Ships built in France
World War I destroyers of France
Maritime incidents in 1906
Maritime incidents in 1918