French Corral is an unincorporated community approximately five miles west of
California State Highway 49 in
Nevada County, California
Nevada County () is a county located in the U.S. state of California, in the Sierra Nevada. As of the 2020 census, the population was 102,241. The county seat is Nevada City. Nevada County comprises the Truckee- Grass Valley, CA Micropolit ...
.
It was one of the first of several historic
California gold rush mining camps along the
San Juan Ridge. The name was literal as the town grew around a
mule corral
A pen is an enclosure for holding livestock. It may also perhaps be used as a term for an enclosure for other animals such as pets that are unwanted inside the house. The term describes types of enclosures that may confine one or many animal ...
built by the first settler in the area, a
Frenchman
The French people (french: Français) are an ethnic group and nation primarily located in Western Europe that share a common French culture, history, and language, identified with the country of France.
The French people, especially th ...
, in 1849. It had a post office during the period of 1859 through 1945.
Few original structures remain besides an old
Wells Fargo Bank
Wells Fargo & Company is an American multinational financial services company with corporate headquarters in San Francisco, San Francisco, California; operational headquarters in Manhattan; and managerial offices throughout the United St ...
building.
Location
Based on roads and trails used during its time, French Corral was located between the small towns of
Rough & Ready and
North San Juan. On a present-day map, French Corral is located in the extreme northwest corner of
Nevada County, California
Nevada County () is a county located in the U.S. state of California, in the Sierra Nevada. As of the 2020 census, the population was 102,241. The county seat is Nevada City. Nevada County comprises the Truckee- Grass Valley, CA Micropolit ...
.
Originally, French Corral was part of nearby Bridgeport Township, the third locality in the county in terms of population and wealth during the mining years.
French Corral is part of a thermal belt that runs from the town site to the
Bear River along the lower foothills of the western part of Nevada County. This allowed citrus crops to be successfully grown in the area from the 1870s well into the 1920s.
Due to the accommodating soil and climate, early French settlers of the area planted vineyards and produced local wines.
Founding
French Corral's name is self-descriptive in that in 1849 a Frenchman living on Frenchman's Bar on the
Yuba River
The Yuba River is a tributary of the Feather River in the Sierra Nevada and eastern Sacramento Valley, in the U.S. state of California. The main stem of the river is about long, and its headwaters are split into three major forks. The Yuba Rive ...
built a mule corral on the site that would later become the town. At about the same time, a Mr. Galloway established a trading post near by. Originally in a tent, it was upgraded to a log building. In 1851 the town showed up as ''Frenchmans Couill'' on a Milleson & Adams map, and by 1857 the town was shown as ''French Corral'' on Goddard's map. At some point during this timeframe, the locals tried to rename the town Carrolton, but the new name never stuck and it remained French Corral.
Mining and, to a lesser extent, agriculture both drove the boom in French Corral. By the 1850s it was an important town between the growing gold-rush hubs of Grass Valley and Nevada City, and rural North San Juan.
History
The town thrived for several decades, by the early 1850s French Corral had a population of 300-400 residents. In 1852 a Post Office was established and by 1859 a horse express to the nearby town of North San Juan was introduced. Supported by the continuing mining opportunities, by the 1880s there were two hotels, one store, a saloon, a bakery, four blacksmiths, two carpenters, a physician, and many homes in French Corral. Helping to continue the vibrancy of the town was a stage line from North San Juan to Marysville in Yuba County that routed through French Corral.
By mid 1853 the town boasted approximately 70 homes. Unfortunately, within a short time fire destroyed 50 of them. Fire would continue to plague the town with destruction and rebuilding becoming a regular part of life for the residents.
Beginning in 1855, the male citizens of French Corral consistently cast votes in national and state elections
and volunteered for the Bridgeport Guards, a protective organization.
During the Civil War, the town contributed $300 to the “sanitary fund” for the Union Army.
Founded, and sustained to a great extent by individuals from France or of French ancestry, the town retained a Gallic influence, becoming a major grape-growing region in Nevada County. Many citizens maintained contact with their mother country. For example, in 1870, the town collected and donated $192 to the French victims of the
Franco-Prussian War.
As was unfortunately commonplace in the surrounding mining towns, the residents of French Corral drove out the local Chinese residents and burned down many of their homes in 1867. A trial later determined that one individual was the “instigator,” but most accomplices went unpunished.
Mining
French Corral's current condition contradicts its prolific past. Having "resounded to the tread of the prospector,"
the town enjoyed both a
placer boom and a
hydraulic mining boom. The area existed as a successful mining region from 1849 well into the 1900s.
Ravine mining began in the area in 1849, with surface diggings discovered around 1851.
More sophisticated mining practices started in early 1852, with the building of a ditch from Shady Creek by the Messrs, Twist, Wadsworth, Williams, Spurry, and the Eddy brothers.
Another Shady Creek ditch was built in 1853, brought in by the Grizzly Water Company and principally owned by Charles Marsh and W.M. Stewart. Several fires damaged the facilities, but profitable mining continued, with more ditches and deeper tunnels being built throughout the 1850s.
The gold mined in the 1850s in the French Corral area was estimated in the millions of dollars.
As
hydraulic mining took over, several large mines were established near French Corral, including the Manzanita Mine operated by the Milton Company. By 1880, the company had 160 men on the payroll. Several men became wealthy through these mining practices. Those men included A.H. Eddy, the eventual owner of the
National Exchange Hotel in Nevada City, W.G. Fenton, M.L. Marsh, and Jean Villian.
Hydraulic mining lasted until the 1884 prohibition of discharging mining debris into the Yuba River. In 1894, however, the U.S. Debris Commission granted limited hydraulic mining to the French Corral region.
Interestingly, diamonds of notable size and brilliance were also found in French Corral. They was said that "bigger and better diamonds have been found at French Corral, in Nevada County, than in any other place in California."
First Long-Distance Phone Line
See
First long-distance telephone line
The world's first long-distance telephone line was built in 1878 by the Ridge Telephone Company. It connected French Corral with French Lake, approximately 60 miles away, and it was operated by the Milton Mining Company. This historic accomplishment is memorialized by California State Historic Marker #247 near the center of the physical remains of French Corral on Pleasant Valley Road.
Geography
French Corral is located at , and the elevation is above
sea level
Mean sea level (MSL, often shortened to sea level) is an average surface level of one or more among Earth's coastal bodies of water from which heights such as elevation may be measured. The global MSL is a type of vertical datuma standardise ...
.
Climate
According to the
Köppen Climate Classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notabl ...
system, French Corral has a
warm-summer Mediterranean climate
A Mediterranean climate (also called a dry summer temperate climate ''Cs'') is a temperate climate sub-type, generally characterized by warm, dry summers and mild, fairly wet winters; these weather conditions are typically experienced in the ...
, abbreviated "Csa" on climate maps.
Demographics
In 1880, the population was 527.
Historical landmarks
* In 1877, it was the terminus of the world's
first long-distance telephone line.
* The
Bridgeport Covered Bridge
The Bridgeport Covered Bridge is located in Bridgeport, Nevada County, California, southwest of French Corral and north of Lake Wildwood. It is used as a pedestrian crossing over the South Yuba River. The bridge was built in 1862 by David Joh ...
is reputed by some to be the longest single-span wooden covered bridge in the world; the other leading contender is
Old Blenheim Bridge
Old Blenheim Bridge was a wooden covered bridge that spanned Schoharie Creek in North Blenheim, New York, United States. With an open span of , it had the second longest span of any surviving single-span covered bridge in the world. The 1862 B ...
in
New York State
New York, officially the State of New York, is a state in the Northeastern United States. It is often called New York State to distinguish it from its largest city, New York City. With a total area of , New York is the 27th-largest U.S. stat ...
.
References
External links
French Corralat museumca.org
at malakoff.com
Photosat
University of California Libraries
The University of California operates the largest academic library system in the world. It manages more than 40.8 million print volumes in 100 libraries on ten campuses. The purpose of these libraries is to assist research and instruction on the ...
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Unincorporated communities in Nevada County, California
Mining communities of the California Gold Rush
Populated places in the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Populated places established in 1849
1849 establishments in California
Unincorporated communities in California