Frederick Arthur Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby, (15 January 1841 – 14 June 1908) styled as Hon. Frederick Stanley from 1844 to 1886 and as The Lord Stanley of Preston between 1886 and 1893, was a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom who served as Colonial Secretary from 1885 to 1886 and Governor General of Canada from 1888 to 1893. An avid sportsman, he built

Stanley House Stables Godolphin Stables, also known as Stanley House Stables, is a thoroughbred racehorse ownership, training and breeding operation in Newmarket, Suffolk, which has produced many notable horses. It is one of the most famous racing establishments in t ...

in England and is famous in North America for presenting Canada with the

Stanley Cup The Stanley Cup (french: La Coupe Stanley) is the championship trophy awarded annually to the National Hockey League (NHL) playoff champion. It is the oldest existing trophy to be awarded to a professional sports franchise in North America, an ...

. Stanley was also one of the original inductees of the

Hockey Hall of Fame , logo = Hockey Hall of Fame Logo.svg , logo_upright = 0.5 , image = Hockey Hall of Fame, Toronto.jpg , caption = The Hall's present location on Yonge Street since 1992 , map_type = , former_name = , established = 1943 , location = 30 Y ...

Background and education

Stanley was the second son of Prime Minister Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, and the Hon. Emma Caroline, daughter of Edward Bootle-Wilbraham, 1st Baron Skelmersdale. He was born in London, and educated at Eton and Sandhurst. He received a commission in the Grenadier Guards, rising to the rank of Captain before leaving the army for politics.''Burke's'', 'Derby'."Canada's Executive Head; Power and Emoluments of the Governor General. Almost Unlimited Authority Granted to Him – An Expensive Luxury for Canadians Who Want to Choose Their Own Governor"
'' The New York Times'', 5 November 1891. He later served as Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant of the part-time

1st Royal Lancashire Militia (The Duke of Lancaster's Own) The 1st Royal Lancashire Militia (The Duke of Lancaster's Own) was an auxiliary regiment raised in the county of Lancashire in North West England during the 17th Century. Primarily intended for home defence, it saw active service in Ireland under ...

from 23 June 1874 (though his political duties often kept him away from the regiment's annual training) and became Honorary Colonel of its successor, the 3rd and 4th Battalions, King's Own (Royal Lancaster Regiment), from 27 February 1886 until his death.

Political career

As the Hon Frederick Stanley he served as a Conservative Member of Parliament (for

Preston Preston is a place name, surname and given name that may refer to: Places England *Preston, Lancashire, an urban settlement **The City of Preston, Lancashire, a borough and non-metropolitan district which contains the settlement **County Boro ...

from 1865 to 1868, North Lancashire from 1868 to 1885 and

Blackpool Blackpool is a seaside resort in Lancashire, England. Located on the North West England, northwest coast of England, it is the main settlement within the Borough of Blackpool, borough also called Blackpool. The town is by the Irish Sea, betw ...

from 1885 to 1886). In government, he served as a Civil Lord of the Admiralty (1868), Financial Secretary to the War Office (1874–1878), Secretary to the Treasury (1878), War Secretary (1878–1880) and Colonial Secretary (1885–1886). In 1886, he was created Baron Stanley of Preston, in the County Palatine of Lancaster. He served as

President of the Board of Trade The president of the Board of Trade is head of the Board of Trade. This is a committee of the His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, Privy Council of the United Kingdom, first established as a temporary committee of inquiry in the 17th centu ...

(1886–1888), remaining in that office until he was appointed Governor General of Canada. Derby was a

Freemason Freemasonry or Masonry refers to fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local guilds of stonemasons that, from the end of the 13th century, regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities ...

Governor General of Canada

Stanley was appointed the Governor General of Canada and Commander in Chief of Prince Edward Island on 1 May 1888. During his term as Governor General, he travelled often and widely throughout the country. His visit to western Canada in 1889 gave him a lasting appreciation of the region's great natural beauty as well as permitting him to meet the people of Canada's First Nations and many western ranchers and farmers. During his visit, he dedicated Stanley Park, which is named after him. He also experienced the joys of fishing and avidly pursued the sport whenever his busy schedule allowed. As governor general, Stanley was the third holder of that office to whom Queen Victoria granted the power of granting pardons to offenders or remitting sentences and fines and the power of mitigating capital or any other sentence. When Prime Minister John A. Macdonald died in office of heart failure on 6 June 1891, Stanley lost the close friendship he had enjoyed with Macdonald. He asked John Abbott to take over as prime minister. Once the government was in place, Abbott resigned for health reasons and turned the government over to

John Thompson John Thompson may refer to: Academics * J. A. Thompson (1913–2002), Australian biblical scholar * John D. Thompson (1917–1992), nurse and professor at the Yale School of Public Health * John G. Thompson (born 1932), American mathematician * ...

. Stanley helped cement the non-political role of the governor general when, in 1891, he refused to agree to a controversial motion in the House of Commons. The motion called on him as governor general to disallow the government of Quebec's

Jesuit Estates Act The ''Jesuit Estates Act'' was an 1888 Act of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec that compensated the Society of Jesus for land confiscated in Canada by the British Crown after the suppression of the Society in 1774. When the revived Society retur ...

, which authorized paying $400,000 as compensation for land granted to the Jesuits by the King of France. The opposition to the bill was introduced by the other provinces who were motivated by mistrust of the Roman Catholic Church in Quebec. Stanley declined to interfere, citing the proposed disallowal as unconstitutional. In holding to this decision, he gained popularity by refusing to compromise the viceregal position of political neutrality. Stanley's wife, whom Wilfrid Laurier described as "an able and witty woman", made a lasting contribution during her husband's term of office. In 1891, she founded the Lady Stanley Institute for Trained Nurses on Rideau Street, the first nursing school in

Ottawa Ottawa (, ; Canadian French: ) is the capital city of Canada. It is located at the confluence of the Ottawa River and the Rideau River in the southern portion of the province of Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec, and forms the core ...

. She was also an enthusiastic fan of hockey games at the

Rideau Rink The Rideau Skating Rink was an indoor skating and curling facility located in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Consisting of a curling rink and a skating rink, it was one of the first indoor rinks in Canada. The Rideau Rink was scheduled to open on Janu ...

NHL Stanley Cup

Stanley's sons became avid ice hockey players in Canada, playing in amateur leagues in Ottawa, and Lord and Lady Stanley became staunch hockey fans. In 1892, Stanley gave Canada a treasured national icon, the

, known originally as the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup. He originally donated the trophy as a challenge cup for Canada's best amateur hockey club, but in 1909, it became contested by professional teams exclusively. Since 1926, only teams of the National Hockey League have competed for the trophy. This now-famous cup bears Stanley's name as a tribute to his encouragement and love of outdoor life and sport in Canada. In recognition of this, he was inducted into the Canadian

in 1945 in the "Honoured Builders" category. The original size of the Stanley Cup was and is now around and weighs .

Later years

Stanley's term as Governor General of Canada was due to end in September 1893. However, in April of that year, his elder brother, the 15th Earl of Derby, died. Stanley succeeded him as the 16th Earl of Derby. As a result, Stanley, now known as Lord Derby, left Canada on 15 July 1893 and returned to England. An administrator was appointed to fulfil his duties until Lord Aberdeen was sworn in that September. Also in 1893, Toronto's "

New Fort York New Fort York, later the Stanley Barracks, is a former British and Canadian military base in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located on the Lake Ontario shoreline. It was built in 1840–1841 to replace Toronto's original Fort York at the mouth of Ga ...

" (built in 1841) was renamed The

Stanley Barracks New Fort York, later the Stanley Barracks, is a former British and Canadian military base in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located on the Lake Ontario shoreline. It was built in 1840–1841 to replace Toronto's original Fort York at the mouth of Ga ...

in honour of Lord Stanley. Back with his family in England, he soon became the

Lord Mayor of Liverpool The office of Lord Mayor of Liverpool has existed in one form or another since the foundation of Liverpool as a borough by the Royal Charter of King John in 1207, simply being referred to as the Mayor of Liverpool. The position is now a most ...

and the first Chancellor of the University of Liverpool. Stanley Park, Liverpool is also named after him. In November 1901 Lord Derby was elected Mayor of

for the following year, and took part in the 1902 Preston Guild. He later received the honorary freedom of the borough of Preston, with which his family had been associated for centuries. During the last years of his life, he increasingly dedicated himself to philanthropic work. He was founder president of the committee for the building of Liverpool Cathedral in 1901.Guide to the Anglican cathedral. He helped fund the Coronation Park, Ormskirk, in 1905.

Family

Constance Derby Countess of Derby by William Notman

Derby married Lady Constance Villiers, daughter of George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon, on 31 May 1864. She was born in 1840. They had eight sons and two daughters (of whom one son and one daughter died as children). Her Ladyship remained and several of their children lived in Canada throughout his term as Governor-General. She was responsible for the foundation of the Lady Stanley Institute for Trained Nurses in Ottawa, Ontario, as well as a Maternity Hospital. She was president of the $4,000 fund instituted by the women of Canada for the presentation of a wedding gift to the present Prince and Princess of Wales: a sleigh, robes, harnesses and horses and a canoe. In 1890 Prince George of Wales (the future King George V) was their guest at Rideau Hall. In 1903 King Edward VII was their guest at their residence, St. James Square, London, England. Their 10 children (8 boys; 2 girls) were: *

Edward George Villiers Stanley Edward George Villiers Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby, (4 April 1865 – 4 February 1948), styled Mr Edward Stanley until 1886, then The Hon Edward Stanley and then Lord Stanley from 1893 to 1908, was a British soldier, Conservative politician, d ...

(1865-1948), who succeeded his father as 17th Earl of Derby. * Katherine Mary Stanley (circa 1866-21 October 1871). * Hon. Sir Victor Albert Stanley (1867–1934), was an Admiral in the Royal Navy who married a Canadian lady, the daughter of Hon. C. E. Pooley, KC, of British Columbia. * Hon. Sir Arthur Stanley (1869-1947). * Geoffrey Stanley (18 November 1869 – 16 March 1871). * Hon. Ferdinand Charles Stanley, was educated at Wellington and Sandhurst, before joining the

King's Royal Rifle Corps The King's Royal Rifle Corps was an infantry rifle regiment of the British Army that was originally raised in British North America as the Royal American Regiment during the phase of the Seven Years' War in North America known in the United St ...

in 1891, rising to the rank of

Brigadier-General Brigadier general or Brigade general is a military rank used in many countries. It is the lowest ranking general officer in some countries. The rank is usually above a colonel, and below a major general or divisional general. When appointed ...

. He married the Hon. Alexandra Fellowes, the eldest daughter of William Henry Fellowes, Baron de Ramsey; they lived at 8 Cornwall Terrace, Regent's Park, London, now renamed Stanley House. * Lt.-Col. Rt. Hon. Sir George Frederick Stanley (1872–1938), Royal Horse Artillery, MP, junior minister and Governor of Madras. Married Lady Beatrix Taylour (died 1944), daughter of

Thomas Taylour, 3rd Marquess of Headfort Thomas Taylour, 3rd Marquess of Headfort KP PC (I) (1 November 1822 – 22 July 1894) was an Irish peer, styled Lord Kenlis until 1829 and Earl of Bective from 1829 to 1870. He was High Sheriff of Meath in 1844, of Cavan in 1846, and of Wes ...

; they had a daughter. * Hon. Col. Algernon Francis Stanley (1872-1962), married the widow Mary Cavendish Crichton (her late husband Lt-Col. Henry William, son of John Crichton, 4th Earl Erne was KIA in 1914 on the

Western Front Western Front or West Front may refer to: Military frontiers *Western Front (World War I), a military frontier to the west of Germany *Western Front (World War II), a military frontier to the west of Germany *Western Front (Russian Empire), a majo ...

), daughter of Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster. They had one son and a daughter. *

Lady Isobel Gathorne-Hardy {{Infobox noble , honorific_prefix = Lady , name = Isobel Constance Mary {{no-wrap, Gathorne-Hardy , honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals, country=GBR, size=100%, DCVO , title = , image = File:Lady Isobe ...

, was their longest-living child, living until 1963. She was instrumental in convincing her father to create the Stanley Cup. She is mentioned in one of the first games of women's hockey, played at Rideau Skating Rink in 1899. Her role as a women's hockey pioneer is recognized in women's hockey with both the Isobel Gathorne-Hardy Award, given across women's hockey in Canada, and the Isobel Cup, the Premier Hockey Federation's championship trophy. * Lt.-Col. Hon. Frederick William Stanley (1878-1942), married Lady Alexandra Louise Elizabeth Acheson, the daughter of Archibald Acheson, 4th Earl of Gosford and Louisa Acheson, Countess of Gosford on 17 June 1905. They had one son and two daughters, one of whom married the son of Lieutenant-General Sir George Sidney Clive. He would go on to serve and be wounded in the Second Boer War, and later the First World War. Derby died on 14 June 1908, aged 67, and was succeeded by his eldest son, Edward, who also became a distinguished politician. Lady Derby died on 17 April 1922.

Legacy

After Edward Whymper made the first ascent of Stanley Peak in 1901, he named the mountain after Lord Derby. Vancouver's Stanley Park and Stanley Theatre were also named after him, as was Stanley Park, Blackpool. The Preston Squadron of cadets at the Royal Military College Saint-Jean was named in his honour. Stanley Park, an area that famously separates Anfield and Goodison Park, the home grounds of English Premier League football teams Liverpool F.C. and

Everton F.C. Everton Football Club () is an English professional association football club based in Liverpool that competes in the Premier League, the top tier of English football. The club was a founder member of the Football League in 1888 and has compe ...

, was named after him. Stanley House Inn, named for Lord Stanley and was built as his summer residence in 1888 along the Cascapedia River. The Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup is today known as the

and is awarded to the winning team of the National Hockey League playoffs each season. In October 2017,

Lord Stanley's Gift Monument The Lord Stanley's Gift Monument is a monument in Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It commemorates the donation of the Stanley Cup ice hockey championship trophy by Canada's Governor-General Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby, the Lord Stanley ...

was erected in

at Sparks Street and Elgin Street, near the location of the dinner party announcing the Cup at the Russell House, which has since been demolished. Stanley Quay, later renamed

Stanley Street Stanley Street may refer to: Streets: *Stanley Street, Brisbane *Stanley Street, East Sydney *Stanley Street, Hong Kong *Stanley Street, Liverpool * Stanley Street (Montreal) * Stanley Street, Singapore In fiction: *Stanley Street, the prime setti ...

, in Brisbane,

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

, was named after him at the time he was Colonial Secretary.

Honorary degrees

Queen's University Queen's or Queens University may refer to: *Queen's University at Kingston, Ontario, Canada *Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK **Queen's University of Belfast (UK Parliament constituency) (1918–1950) **Queen's University of Belfast ...

in Kingston, Ontario ( LL.D) in 1889

Honorific eponyms

* Stanley, New Brunswick *

Stanley, Nova Scotia Stanley is a community located in the East Hants municipal district, Hants County, Nova Scotia. Stanley is most famous as the birthplace of the acclaimed Canadian poet Alden Nowlan. History Stanley's first settler was New England planter John ...

* Port Stanley, Ontario * Stanley ( Oliver Paipoonge), Ontario * Stanley Park, Vancouver, British Columbia * Stanley Park, Liverpool, UK *

Stanley Peak (Ball Range) Stanley Peak is a mountain located in the Ball Range, at the northeastern section of Kootenay National Park, in the Canadian Rocky Mountains (British Columbia, Canada). The mountain was named in 1901 by its first climber, the England, English e ...

( British Columbia) *

Rue Stanley, Montréal Stanley Street (officially in french: rue Stanley) is a north–south street located in Downtown Montreal, downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It links Doctor Penfield Avenue in the north and De la Gauchetière Street in the south. Molson's Bank wa ...

, Québec

Stanley Street (Montreal) Stanley Street (officially in french: rue Stanley) is a north–south street located in downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It links Doctor Penfield Avenue in the north and De la Gauchetière Street in the south. Molson's Bank was located on the s ...

* Stanley Avenue, Victoria, British Columbia * Stanley Street, Brisbane, Queensland * Stanley Street, Townsville, Queensland * Stanley, Hong Kong

Arms

Notes

References

* ''Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage,'' 100th Edn, London, 1953. *
Maj R.J.T. Williamson & Col J. Lawson Whalley, ''History of the Old County Regiment of Lancashire Militia'', London: Simpkin, Marshall, 1888.

External links

*
Website of the Governor General of Canada
*
Lord Stanley's Glacier hike

Photograph: Lord Stanley in 1889. McCord Museum

Photograph: Lord Stanley in 1889. McCord Museum

Photograph: His Excellency Lord Stanley and snowshoes in 1890. McCord Museum
{{DEFAULTSORT:Derby, Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl Of Governors General of Canada British Secretaries of State Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst Lords of the Admiralty Stanley, Frederick Stanley, Frederick Stanley, Frederick Stanley, Frederick Stanley, Frederick Stanley, Frederick Derby, E16 UK MPs who were granted peerages Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom Grenadier Guards officers Lancashire Militia officers Stanley Cup Hockey Hall of Fame inductees British racehorse owners and breeders Lord-Lieutenants of Lancashire Children of prime ministers of the United Kingdom Knights of the Garter Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order 1841 births 1908 deaths Frederick Mayors of Liverpool 16 Secretaries of State for the Colonies Presidents of the Board of Trade Canadian Freemasons Peers of the United Kingdom created by Queen Victoria Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire Mayors of Preston, Lancashire People educated at Eton College