Frederick I (german: Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig; 9 September 1826 – 28 September 1907) was the
Grand Duke of Baden
The Grand Duchy of Baden (german: Großherzogtum Baden) was a state in the southwest German Empire on the east bank of the Rhine. It existed between 1806 and 1918.
It came into existence in the 12th century as the Margraviate of Baden and subse ...
from 1858 to 1907.
Life
Frederick was born in
Karlsruhe
Karlsruhe ( , , ; South Franconian: ''Kallsruh'') is the third-largest city of the German state (''Land'') of Baden-Württemberg after its capital of Stuttgart and Mannheim, and the 22nd-largest city in the nation, with 308,436 inhabitants. ...
, Baden, on 9 September 1826. He was the third son of
Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden
Leopold (29 August 1790 – 24 April 1852) succeeded in 1830 as the Grand Duke of Baden, reigning until his death in 1852.
Although a younger child, Leopold was the first son of Margrave Karl Friederich of Baden by his second, morganatic wife, ...
and
Princess Sophie of Sweden. He became the
heir presumptive
An heir presumptive is the person entitled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honour, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of an heir apparent or a new heir presumptive with a better claim to the position in question.
...
to the grand duchy upon the death of his father in 1852
and the accession of his brother as
Grand Duke Louis II. Due to his brother's mental ill-health, he was
regent
A regent (from Latin : ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state '' pro tempore'' (Latin: 'for the time being') because the monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge the powers and duties of the monarchy ...
''ad interim'' of Baden in 1852–1855, and took the title of grand duke in 1856. His brother, Louis II, died in 1858. He was considered a relatively liberal supporter of a
constitutional monarchy
A constitutional monarchy, parliamentary monarchy, or democratic monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in decision making. Constitutional monarchies dif ...
. During his reign the option of
civil marriage
A civil marriage is a marriage performed, recorded, and recognized by a government official. Such a marriage may be performed by a religious body and recognized by the state, or it may be entirely secular.
History
Every country maintaining a pop ...
s was introduced in Baden as well as direct elections to the Lower House of the Parliament of Baden in 1904.
In 1856, Frederick married
Princess Louise, daughter of
Prince Wilhelm of Prussia and Princess
Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Princess Augusta Marie Luise Katharina of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (30 September 1811 – 7 January 1890) was the queen of Prussia and the first German empress as the consort of William I, German Emperor.
Early life
Augusta was the second daughter ...
.
The couple had three children.
Frederick I had a pivotal role in the history of the
Zionist movement
Zionism ( he, ×¦Ö´×™Ö¼×•Ö¹× ×•Ö¼×ª ''Tsiyyonut'' after ''Zion'') is a nationalist movement that espouses the establishment of, and support for a homeland for the Jewish people centered in the area roughly corresponding to what is known in Jew ...
. In 1896 he met
Theodor Herzl
Theodor Herzl; hu, Herzl Tivadar; Hebrew name given at his brit milah: Binyamin Ze'ev (2 May 1860 – 3 July 1904) was an Austro-Hungarian Jewish lawyer, journalist, playwright, political activist, and writer who was the father of modern po ...
(the founder of political Zionism) via their mutual acquaintance the reverend
William Hechler, and helped Herzl in obtaining an audience with his nephew
Wilhelm II, German Emperor
Wilhelm II (Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert; 27 January 18594 June 1941) was the last German Emperor (german: Kaiser) and King of Prussia, reigning from 15 June 1888 until his abdication on 9 November 1918. Despite strengthening the German Emp ...
. After some persuasion on the part of the grand duke, the emperor accepted the appeal for an audience. It took place in Palestine on 2 November 1898,
during the emperor's visit to inaugurate the
Church of the Redeemer, Jerusalem.
Frederick I was present at the
proclamation of the German Empire at
Versailles
The Palace of Versailles ( ; french: Château de Versailles ) is a former royal residence built by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, about west of Paris, France. The palace is owned by the French Republic and since 1995 has been managed, ...
in 1871,
as he was the only son-in-law of Prussian King
Wilhelm I
William I or Wilhelm I (german: Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig; 22 March 1797 – 9 March 1888) was King of Prussia from 2 January 1861 and German Emperor from 18 January 1871 until his death in 1888. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he was the ...
and one of the reigning sovereigns of Germany. He loudly shouted, "His Majesty, Emperor Wilhelm!" He died at his summer residence at the island of
Mainau
Mainau also referred to as Mav(e)no(w), Maienowe (in 1242), Maienow (in 1357), Maienau, Mainowe (in 1394) and Mainaw (in 1580) is an island in Lake Constance (on the Southern shore of the Ãœberlinger See near the city of Konstanz, Baden-WÃ ...
in southern Germany on 28 September 1907. Today, Mainau is owned by the Lennart Bernadotte Foundation, created by Frederick's great-grandson Count
Lennart Bernadotte
Lennart, Prince Bernadotte, Count of Wisborg (born Prince Lennart, Duke of Småland; 8 May 1909 – 21 December 2004) was a Swedish-German landscaper, filmmaker, photographer and was a grandson of King Gustaf V of Sweden. He was also the eldest gr ...
, (1909–2004).
Issue
*
Grand Duke Frederick II of Baden (9 July 1857 – 9 August 1928), married
Princess Hilda of Luxembourg; no issue
*
Queen Victoria of Sweden (7 August 1862 – 4 April 1930), married
King Gustav V of Sweden; had issue
* Prince Louis of Baden (12 June 1865 – 23 February 1888), died unmarried; no issue
Honours
;German honours
Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden
' (1902), "Großherzogliches Haus", pp. 26–27
;Foreign honours
Ancestry
Footnotes
{{Authority control
1826 births
1907 deaths
Nobility from Karlsruhe
Princes of Baden
Protestant monarchs
House of Zähringen
Grand Dukes of Baden
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
Recipients of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
Knights Grand Cross of the Military Order of William
Extra Knights Companion of the Garter
3
3
3
Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur
Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)
Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint-Charles