Friedrich Eugen, Duke of Württemberg (21 January 1732 – 23 December 1797) was the fourth son of
Karl Alexander, Duke of Württemberg Karl may refer to:
People
* Karl (given name), including a list of people and characters with the name
* Karl der Große, commonly known in English as Charlemagne
* Karl Marx, German philosopher and political writer
* Karl of Austria, last Austri ...
, and
Princess Maria Augusta of Thurn and Taxis
, house = Thurn and Taxis
, father = Anselm Franz, 2nd Prince of Thurn and Taxis
, mother =Maria Ludovika Anna Franziska, Princess of Lobkowicz
, birth_date =
, birth_place =Frankfurt am Main, Hesse
, death_date =
, ...
(11 August 1706 – 1 February 1756).
He was born in
Stuttgart. From 1795 until 1797 he was Duke of Württemberg.
Soldier
After serving with
Frederick the Great
Frederick II (german: Friedrich II.; 24 January 171217 August 1786) was King in Prussia from 1740 until 1772, and King of Prussia from 1772 until his death in 1786. His most significant accomplishments include his military successes in the S ...
during the
Seven Years' War
The Seven Years' War (1756–1763) was a global conflict that involved most of the European Great Powers, and was fought primarily in Europe, the Americas, and Asia-Pacific. Other concurrent conflicts include the French and Indian War (175 ...
, he took up residence in 1769 at his family's
exclave, the
County of Montbéliard
The Princely County of Montbéliard (french: Comté princier de Montbéliard; german: Grafschaft Mömpelgard), was a princely county of the Holy Roman Empire seated in the city of Montbéliard in the present-day Franche-Comté region of France. ...
, of which he was also made
lieutenant-general in March 1786 by his eldest brother,
Charles Eugene, Duke of Württemberg,
who had begun to come into the inheritance of portions of the County of Limpurg in the 1780s. He bought the castle and lordship of Hochberg in 1779, but re-sold it in 1791 to his brother.
The next year he was named governor of the
margraviate of
Ansbach-Bayreuth
The Principality or Margraviate of (Brandenburg-)Ansbach (german: Fürstentum Ansbach or ) was a principality in the Holy Roman Empire centered on the Franconian city of Ansbach. The ruling Hohenzollern princes of the land were known as margrave ...
by King
Frederick William II of Prussia
Frederick William II (german: Friedrich Wilhelm II.; 25 September 1744 – 16 November 1797) was King of Prussia from 1786 until his death in 1797. He was in personal union the Prince-elector of Brandenburg and (via the Orange-Nassau inherita ...
, to whom it had been sold by the
last prince of that branch of the
House of Hohenzollern
The House of Hohenzollern (, also , german: Haus Hohenzollern, , ro, Casa de Hohenzollern) is a German royal (and from 1871 to 1918, imperial) dynasty whose members were variously princes, electors, kings and emperors of Hohenzollern, Brandenbu ...
.
Montbéliard was taken over by the short-lived
Rauracian Republic in 1792, then
annexed by the
French Republic in 1793.
Duke
His elder brothers had only daughters, so following Charles Eugene's death in 1793 and then that of their brother
Duke Ludwig Eugen (1731–1795), Frederick Eugene became reigning duke until his own death two years later.
He acquiesced to the
Treaty of Paris (7 August 1796) (
de) with
revolutionary France
The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considere ...
, in which his claims to Montbéliard and all other territories on the left bank of the
Rhine River
), Surselva, Graubünden, Switzerland
, source1_coordinates=
, source1_elevation =
, source2 = Rein Posteriur/Hinterrhein
, source2_location = Paradies Glacier, Graubünden, Switzerland
, source2_coordinates=
, source ...
were renounced.
Frederick Eugene retained, however, France's recognition of the integrity of the
duchy of Württemberg itself.
Marriage and children
Frederick Eugene married
''Friederike'' Sophia Dorothea of Brandenburg-Schwedt, a niece of
Frederick the Great
Frederick II (german: Friedrich II.; 24 January 171217 August 1786) was King in Prussia from 1740 until 1772, and King of Prussia from 1772 until his death in 1786. His most significant accomplishments include his military successes in the S ...
, by whom he had twelve children:
#
Frederick I Frederick I may refer to:
* Frederick of Utrecht or Frederick I (815/16–834/38), Bishop of Utrecht.
* Frederick I, Duke of Upper Lorraine (942–978)
* Frederick I, Duke of Swabia (1050–1105)
* Frederick I, Count of Zoll ...
(6 November 1754 – 30 October 1816), his successor, who would later become the first King of Württemberg;
#
Louis Louis may refer to:
* Louis (coin)
* Louis (given name), origin and several individuals with this name
* Louis (surname)
* Louis (singer), Serbian singer
* HMS ''Louis'', two ships of the Royal Navy
See also
Derived or associated terms
* Lewis ( ...
(30 August 1756 – 20 September 1817), commander of the
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state that existed from the 13th century to 1795, when the territory was partitioned among the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg Empire of Austria. The state was founded by Lit ...
's army, married Polish princess
Maria Anna Czartoryska;
#
Eugene (21 November 1758 – 20 June 1822);
#
Sophie Dorothea (25 October 1759 – 5 November 1828), married to
Paul I, Emperor of Russia and became Empress Marie Feodorovna;
#
William Frederick Philip (27 December 1761 – 10 August 1830); father of
Wilhelm, 1st Duke of Urach;
#
Ferdinand Frederick Augustus (22 October 1763 – 20 January 1834), married firstly Princess Albertine of
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen was a small principality in Germany, in the present day state of Thuringia, with its capital at Sondershausen.
History
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen was a county until 1697. In that year, it became a principality, which la ...
(1771-1829) and secondly Princess Pauline von
Metternich-Winneburg (1771-1855), sister of
Klemens Wenzel, Prince von Metternich
Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar, Prince of Metternich-Winneburg zu Beilstein ; german: Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar Fürst von Metternich-Winneburg zu Beilstein (15 May 1773 – 11 June 1859), known as Klemens von Metternich or Prince Metternic ...
;
#
''Friederike'' Elisabeth Amalie (27 July 1765 – 24 November 1785), married to
Peter I, Grand Duke of Oldenburg
Peter I or Peter Frederick Louis of Holstein-Gottorp (german: Peter Friedrich Ludwig von Holstein-Gottorp) (17 January 1755 – 21 May 1829) was the Regent of the Duchy of Oldenburg for his incapacitated cousin William I from 1785 to 1823, and ...
;
#
''Elisabeth'' Wilhelmine Luise (21 April 1767 – 18 February 1790), married to
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Francis II (german: Franz II.; 12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor (from 1792 to 1806) and the founder and Emperor of the Austrian Empire, from 1804 to 1835. He assumed the title of Emperor of Austria in response ...
;
# Friederike Wilhelmine Katharina (3 June 1768 – 22 October 1768);
# Charles Frederick Henry (3 May 1770 – 22 August 1791);
#
''Alexander'' Frederick Charles (24 April 1771 – 4 July 1833), the founder of the fifth branch of Württemberg, to which today's head of the House,
Duke Wilhelm of Württemberg, belongs;
# Charles Henry (3 July 1772 – 28 July 1838), married under the name "Count von Sontheim" in 1798 Christianne-Caroline Alexeï (1779–1853), who was created Baroness von Hochberg und Rottenburg in 1807 and was raised, along with her children, to the rank and title of ''
Countess von Urach'' on 12 November 1825. Of their five daughters three died young, while Countess Marie von Urach (1802–1882) wed Karl, Prince of
Hohenlohe-Kirchberg
Hohenlohe-Kirchberg was a German County located in northeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, around Kirchberg. It was ruled by a protestant branch of the Hohenlohe family.
The county of Kirchberg was located between the territories of Brandenb ...
(1780-1861) in 1821 and Countess Alexandrine von Urach (1803–1884) married Charles, Count
Arpeau de Gallatin (1802-1877) in 1825, from whom she was divorced in 1843.
The duke died at
Hohenheim
Hohenheim () is one of 18 outer quarters of the city of Stuttgart in the borough of Plieningen that sits on the Filder in central Baden-Württemberg. It was founded in 1782.
Geography
Hohenheim sits on the Filder, a large and fertile plateau i ...
, aged 65.
Ancestry
External links
Family tree with portraitPosthumous drawing of him as a young manby
Adolph Menzel
Adolph Friedrich Erdmann von Menzel (8 December 18159 February 1905) was a German Realist artist noted for drawings, etchings, and paintings. Along with Caspar David Friedrich, he is considered one of the two most prominent German painters of t ...
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Frederick 02 Eugene of Wurttemberg, Duke
1732 births
1797 deaths
18th-century dukes of Württemberg
Nobility from Stuttgart
Soldiers of the Imperial Circles
Prussian military personnel of the Seven Years' War
Lieutenant generals of Prussia
People of the Silesian Wars
Military personnel from Stuttgart