Fred Cummings
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Fred Cummings (also known as Frederick W. Cummings; November 21, 1931 - January 31, 2019) was a
theoretical physicist Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena. This is in contrast to experimental physics, which uses experimen ...
and professor at the
University of California, Riverside The University of California, Riverside (UCR or UC Riverside) is a public land-grant research university in Riverside, California. It is one of the ten campuses of the University of California system. The main campus sits on in a suburban distr ...
. He specialised in
cavity quantum electrodynamics Cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED) is the study of the interaction between light confined in a reflective cavity and atoms or other particles, under conditions where the quantum nature of photons is significant. It could in principle be us ...
,
many-body theory The many-body problem is a general name for a vast category of physical problems pertaining to the properties of microscopic systems made of many interacting particles. ''Microscopic'' here implies that quantum mechanics has to be used to provid ...
,
non-linear dynamics In mathematics, a dynamical system is a system in which a function describes the time dependence of a point in an ambient space. Examples include the mathematical models that describe the swinging of a clock pendulum, the flow of water in a ...
, and
biophysics Biophysics is an interdisciplinary science that applies approaches and methods traditionally used in physics to study biological phenomena. Biophysics covers all scales of biological organization, from molecular to organismic and populations. ...
.


Discoveries

Cummings obtained his PhD with
Edwin Thompson Jaynes Edwin Thompson Jaynes (July 5, 1922 – April 30, 1998) was the Wayman Crow Distinguished Professor of Physics at Washington University in St. Louis. He wrote extensively on statistical mechanics and on foundations of probability and statistic ...
at
Stanford University Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California. The campus occupies , among the largest in the United States, and enrolls over 17,000 students. Stanford is consider ...
in 1962. After thirty years at University of California Riverside Physics department, Cummings became
emeritus professor ''Emeritus'' (; female: ''emerita'') is an adjective used to designate a retired chair, professor, pastor, bishop, pope, director, president, prime minister, rabbi, emperor, or other person who has been "permitted to retain as an honorary title ...
in 1993. He then lived in
Marin County Marin County is a county located in the northwestern part of the San Francisco Bay Area of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 262,231. Its county seat and largest city is San Rafael. Marin County is acros ...
, California. Some of his important discoveries include the "
Jaynes–Cummings model The Jaynes–Cummings model (sometimes abbreviated JCM) is a theoretical model in quantum optics. It describes the system of a two-level atom interacting with a quantized mode of an optical cavity (or a bosonic field), with or without the prese ...
", one atom interacting with a quantized e-m field; as well as the extension of this to N atoms, the "Tavis-Cummings model". In the last twenty years his interest has turned to questions of
biophysics Biophysics is an interdisciplinary science that applies approaches and methods traditionally used in physics to study biological phenomena. Biophysics covers all scales of biological organization, from molecular to organismic and populations. ...
of
development Development or developing may refer to: Arts *Development hell, when a project is stuck in development *Filmmaking, development phase, including finance and budgeting *Development (music), the process thematic material is reshaped * Photograph ...
and
evolution Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes, which are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction. Variation ...
.


Academic career

Cummings was full professor at U.C. Riverside when he retired (emeritus) after thirty years at UCR.


Research interests

* Biophysics of development * Theoretical physics * Cavity quantum electrodynamics * Many-body theory * Non-linear dynamics


Education

BS: Louisiana State University, 1955; Ph.D.: Stanford University, 1960


Biography

* Born, New Orleans, Louisiana, 1931 * U.S. Army, 1950–1952, in infantry in Korea * 1952–1955 LSU physics and math major (BS) * 1955–1960 Physics Department, Stanford University (Ph.D.) * 1960–1963 Aeronutronic Research Labs, Ford Motor Co., Newport Beach, California * 1963–1993, professor, UCR, Riverside, California * Married in 1964 to Kathleen Sturgis of Riverside, California; one child, Anne M. Cummings, M.D. (born February 14, 1966, in Riverside), presently living in Greenbrae, California, with her husband and three kids * Fred died on January 31, 2019, in Marin County, CA: https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/pe/obituary.aspx?n=frederick-w-cummings&pid=191508393


Selected publications

# F.W. Cummings, "Comparison of Quantum and Semiclassical Radiation Theories with application to the Beam Maser", PhD thesis, Stanford University, 1962. # E.T. Jaynes and F.W. Cummings, "Comparison of Quantum and Semiclassical Radiation Theories with application to the Beam Maser", IEEE 51, 89 (1963). # F.W. Cummings, "Interaction of a two level atom with a stochastic e-m field", Amer. J. Physics, (1963). # E.R. Buley and F.W. Cummings, "Dynamics of a system of N atoms interacting with a radiation field", Phys. Rev. 44, (1964). # F.W. Cummings, "A single mode radiation field coupled to a two level atom", Phys. Rev. 140 A1051 (1965). # F.W. Cummings and J.R. Johnston, "Theory of Superfluidity", Phys. Rev. 151, 105 (1966), and reprinted in Coherent States: applications in Physics and Mathematical Physics, (eds. J.R. Klauder and Bo-Sture Skagerstam, World Scientific, Singapore 1985). # M. Tavis and F.W. Cummings, "N atoms interacting with a single mode radiation field", Phys. Rev. 170, 379 (1968). # F.W. Cummings, "Macroscopic Wave Functions" in Statistical Mechanics: new concepts, new problems, new applications", IUPAP conference Proceedings, eds., S. Rice, K. Freed and J. Light (Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1972). (cf: E.C. Svensson and Sears, Physica 137B, 1986). # F.W. Cummings, "Aspects of Condensation in 4He II", in Cooperative Phenomena, eds. H. Haken and M. Wagner (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1973). # F.W. Cummings, "On morphogenesis in living systems", in Energy Transfer Dynamics: studies and essays in honor of Herbert Fröhlich, eds. T. Barrett and H.A. Pohl, (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, London, New York, Tokyo, 1987). # F.W. Cummings, "On suppression of spontaneous emission" Phys. Rev. Lett. (1985*). # F.W. Cummings and A.K. Rajagopal, "Production of number states of the electromagnetic field", Phys. Rev. A39, 3414 (1989). # F.W. Cummings, D.D. Dixon, and P.E. Kaus, "A model of neutron star dynamics" Astrophy. Jour. 386, 221 (1992). # Frederick W. Cummings, "A model of growth and form based on adhesion molecules", J. Theor. Biol. 178, 229–238 (1996). # F. W. Cummings and J.C. Strickland, "A Model of Phyllotaxis", J. Theor. Biol., 192, 531–544 (1998). # F.W. Cummings, "Waves of pattern formation and signaling pathways", J. Theor. Biol. 196, 27–31 (1999). # A.K. Rajagopal, K.L. Jensen, and F. W. Cummings, "Quantum entangled states in the Jaynes-Cummings model", Phys. Lett. A 259, 285 290 (1999). # F. W. Cummings, "A model of pattern formation based on signaling pathways", J. Theor. Biol. 207, 107–116 (2000). # Frederick W. Cummings, "The Interaction of Surface Geometry with Morphogens" J. Theor. Biol. 212, 303–313 (2001). # F.W. Cummings, "A Model of Morphogenesis", Physica A, vol.339, 531–547 (2004). # F.W. Cummings, "Interaction of morphogens with geometry", Physica A, vol. 355/2-4, 427–438 (2005). # F.W. Cummings, "On the origin of pattern and form in early Metazoans", Int'l J. Develop. Biol. 50 (2/3) 193-208 (2006). # Frederick W. Cummings, "A Model of Pattern Coupled to Form in Metazoans", in: Mathematical Modelling of Biosystems, pp. 45−86; eds. R. P. Mondaini and P. M. Pardalos, Springer, 2008. # Michael Tavis and Frederick Cummings, 2013, "Stimulated and spontaneous emission of radiation in a single mode", J. Phys. B (Special issue on 'Fifty Years of the Jaynes-Cummings model'), 46 224011. #


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cummings, Fred 20th-century American physicists 21st-century American physicists Theoretical physicists Stanford University alumni University of California, Riverside faculty 1931 births 2019 deaths