François Denhaut (1877–1952) was a French

aviator An aircraft pilot or aviator is a person who controls the flight of an aircraft by operating its Aircraft flight control system, directional flight controls. Some other aircrew, aircrew members, such as navigators or flight engineers, are al ...

notable for designing, constructing and flying the first

flying boat A flying boat is a type of fixed-winged seaplane with a hull, allowing it to land on water. It differs from a floatplane in that a flying boat's fuselage is purpose-designed for floatation and contains a hull, while floatplanes rely on fusela ...

in 1912.Nicolaou, p.17

Life

He was born on 4 October 1877 at Champagnat,

Creuse Creuse (; oc, Cruesa or ) is a department in central France named after the river Creuse. After Lozère, it is the second least populated department in France. It is bordered by Indre and Cher to the north, Allier and Puy-de-Dôme to the eas ...

and after some success as a racing cyclist became interested in aviation. In 1908 he constructed his first aircraft, a canard biplane powered by a Anzani. engine constructed with the help of a mechanic called Bouyer a M. Mercier. It was briefly flown in August 1909, with Bouyer at the controls, In 1911 he gained his pilot's license and became the chief pilot of Pierre Levasseur's flying school. Bellegarde-en-Marche panneau jumelage

He died at Bellegarde-en-Marche in 1952. An Air Memorial is dedicated to him in Bellegarde, at the Maison Chevanne, a 17th Century house that is also the village's tourism office and library.

Aircraft

1910 monoplane

1911 Model

In 1911 Denhault conceived the idea of the

, an aircraft whose fuselage formed the main float of the aircraft. Previous aircraft intended to fly from water had all used an arrangement of floats mounted below the aircraft in place of wheels. The hull was triangular in

cross section Cross section may refer to: * Cross section (geometry) ** Cross-sectional views in architecture & engineering 3D *Cross section (geology) * Cross section (electronics) * Radar cross section, measure of detectability * Cross section (physics) **Abs ...

, with the apex at the top. To provide hydrodynamic lift, the hull was fitted with an angled plate mounted below the nose. It was powered by a

Gnome Omega The Gnome 7 Omega (commonly called the Gnome 50 hp) is a French seven-cylinder, air-cooled aero engine produced by Gnome et Rhône. It was shown at the Paris Aero Salon held in December 1908 and was first flown in 1909. It was the world's ...

driving a pusher propeller mounted below the upper wing. To allow for maneuvering on the ground, an undercarriage was fitted, with two wheels attached.Parrochia p.131 Denhaut took particular advantage of this aspect of the design by taking off from the ground when he made the initial tests. This project was financed by Jacques Donnet, and the craft was later named after him. The first proper test of the craft took place on 12 March 1912. Denhaut took off and flew over the

River Seine ) , mouth_location = Le Havre/Honfleur , mouth_coordinates = , mouth_elevation = , progression = , river_system = Seine basin , basin_size = , tributaries_left = Yonne, Loing, Eure, Risle , tributarie ...

. However, when preparing to land, misjudged his approach, the nose-mounted hydroplane dug in, and the aircraft turned over; Denhaut managed to escape from the submerged

cockpit A cockpit or flight deck is the area, usually near the front of an aircraft or spacecraft, from which a Pilot in command, pilot controls the aircraft. The cockpit of an aircraft contains flight instruments on an instrument panel, and the ...

, and took refuge on the bottom of the upturned hull. The craft was towed back to shore.Noetinger, p.323

1912 modifications

Denhaut, with the advice of

Robert Duhamel The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory, honou ...

, decided to rebuild the aircraft, making the necessary modifications to the first design model. He changed the hull to be rectangular in shape, because it had previously been very slender, and had tended to dip into the water. He also made slight modifications to the position of the undercarriage. He tested the modified design on a stretch of water behind Port Aviation, where he had first tested the older model. After this test, the wheels were, temporarily, replaced with water floats. On 13 April 1912, slightly over a month since the initial test of the first design, Denhaut's craft flew from Juvisy airfield, and landed on muddy ground close to the River Seine. The aircraft was pushed into the water where it took off and alighted seven or eight times. Denhaut then returned to the bank of the River Seine. Denhaut's second model had succeeded in becoming the world's first flying boat. Many later designs for flying boats can be seen to be very clearly based upon Denhaut's design.

Notes

References

* * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Denhaut, Francois 1877 births 1952 deaths