Jean Daniel François Schrader (January 11, 1844 – October 18, 1924), better known as Franz Schrader, was a French

mountaineer Mountaineering or alpinism, is a set of outdoor activities that involves ascending tall mountains. Mountaineering-related activities include traditional outdoor climbing, skiing, and traversing via ferratas. Indoor climbing, sport climbing, an ...

, geographer,

cartographer Cartography (; from grc, χάρτης , "papyrus, sheet of paper, map"; and , "write") is the study and practice of making and using maps. Combining science, aesthetics and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality (or an im ...

and landscape painter, born in

Bordeaux Bordeaux ( , ; Gascon oc, Bordèu ; eu, Bordele; it, Bordò; es, Burdeos) is a port city on the river Garonne in the Gironde department, Southwestern France. It is the capital of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, as well as the prefectur ...

. He made an important contribution to the mapping of the

Pyrenees The Pyrenees (; es, Pirineos ; french: Pyrénées ; ca, Pirineu ; eu, Pirinioak ; oc, Pirenèus ; an, Pirineus) is a mountain range straddling the border of France and Spain. It extends nearly from its union with the Cantabrian Mountains to C ...

and was highly considered among the

pyreneist Although the term "alpinism" has become synonymous with sporting achievement, pyreneism, appearing in the 19th century, distanced itself from it by considering the physical experience of the mountains as inseparable from the aesthetic and cultu ...

Biography

He was the son of Prussian Ferdinand Schrader from

Magdeburg Magdeburg (; nds, label=Low Saxon, Meideborg ) is the capital and second-largest city of the German state Saxony-Anhalt. The city is situated at the Elbe river. Otto I, the first Holy Roman Emperor and founder of the Archdiocese of Magdebur ...

, who emigrated to Bordeaux, and of Marie-Louise Ducos, from a family of

Nérac Nérac (; oc, Nerac, ) is a commune in the Lot-et-Garonne department, Southwestern France. The composer and organist Louis Raffy was born in Nérac, as was the former Arsenal and Bordeaux footballer Marouane Chamakh, as was Admiral Francois Dar ...

, and cousin of geographers Élisée and

Onésime Reclus Onésime Reclus (22 September 1837 – 30 June 1916) was a French geographer who specialized in the relations between France and its colonies. In 1880 he coined the term "Francophonie" as a means of classification of peoples of the world, being ...

. He showed a talent for drawing from an early age. But his strict father, denying him the opportunity of higher education, placed him as a pen pusher at a tax gatherer. Franz then found another job in a trading house run by one of his father's friends, a situation where he could devote more time to broadening his literary and scientific knowledge. Hélène Saule-Sorbé, Michel Rodes, Guy Auriol
Franz Schrader (1844–1924) : un pyrénéiste d'exception
on ''web.univ-pau.fr'', University of Pau. In 1866, while staying with his friend Léonce Lourde-Rocheblave in Pau, he had a sort of revelation at the ''spectacle grandiose de la barrière montagneuse'' of the Pyrenees. His vocation strengthened when reading stories by Ramond de Carbonnières (1755–1827) (''Les Voyages au Mont-Perdu'' – ''Travels to

Monte Perdido Monte Perdido (in Spanish; Mont Perdu in French; Mont Perdito in Aragonese;all four meaning ''lost mountain'') is the third highest mountain in the Pyrenees. The summit of Monte Perdido (3355 m), located in Spain, lies hidden from France b ...

'') and by Henry Russell (1834–1909) (''Les Grandes Ascensions des Pyrénées, guide d'une mer à l'autre'' – ''Great ascents of the Pyrenees, a guide from one sea to the other''). While devoting the main part of his leisure to long hikes in the mountains, during which he gathered thousands of observations for his

topographical Topography is the study of the forms and features of land surfaces. The topography of an area may refer to the land forms and features themselves, or a description or depiction in maps. Topography is a field of geoscience and planetary sci ...

records, he still found time to paint numerous panoramas of the Pyrenees as well as the

Alps The Alps () ; german: Alpen ; it, Alpi ; rm, Alps ; sl, Alpe . are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Sw ...

which he also studied, Hélène Saule-Sorbé, Michel Rodes, Guy Auriol
Franz Schrader : Un artiste en osmose avec la peinture de son temps
(''An artist in touch with the painting style of his period'') on ''web.univ-pau.fr'', University of Pau. and to acquire a solid formation in topography. Hélène Saule-Sorbé, Michel Rodes, Guy Auriol

(''Pyrenees lover and ingenious cartographer'') on ''web.univ-pau.fr'', University of Pau.Franz Schrader
on ''korpa.fr''. While Schrader scoured the Pyrenees with his friend Lourde-Rocheblave, he also acquired a strong background in cartography with the aim of applying it to a large scale map of the nearby Pyrenees. To facilitate topographical work in rugged terrain, he developed the orograph in 1873. His first great cartographic work, in 1874, was the map of the massif of

Gavarnie Gavarnie (; oc, Gavarnia) is a former commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department, Southwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Gavarnie-Gèdre.Mont-Perdu at a scale of 1:40 000, for which he collected the measurements with the participation of Lourde-Rocheblave from nearby Pau. That map triggered such a sensation that it was included in the annual ''Mémoires'' of the Société des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles of Bordeaux with an explanatory text the following year. The

Club alpin français Club may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Club'' (magazine) * Club, a ''Yie Ar Kung-Fu'' character * Clubs (suit), a suit of playing cards * Club music * "Club", by Kelsea Ballerini from the album ''kelsea'' Brands and enterprises ...

directory followed with the publication of an enthusiastic review, describing Schrader as qualified for "first rank topographer in a glorious master stroke". In 1876 he took part in the creation of the Bordeaux section of the

Club Alpin Français Club may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Club'' (magazine) * Club, a ''Yie Ar Kung-Fu'' character * Clubs (suit), a suit of playing cards * Club music * "Club", by Kelsea Ballerini from the album ''kelsea'' Brands and enterprises ...

, becoming its first president. In 1877 he traveled to Paris with a recommendation from his cousins Élisée and

. There, having met Émile Templier, nephew and collaborator of

Louis Hachette Louis may refer to: * Louis (coin) * Louis (given name), origin and several individuals with this name * Louis (surname) * Louis (singer), Serbian singer * HMS ''Louis'', two ships of the Royal Navy See also Derived or associated terms * Lewis (d ...

, and

Adolphe Joanne Adolphe Joanne (born ''Adolphe-Laurent Joanne''; 15 September 1813 in Dijon, France – 1 March 1881 in Paris) was a French geographical writer and author of travel books. Work In 1836 Joanne was a lawyer in Paris but he soon turned to journa ...

, president of the Parisian section of the

, he was employed as a geographer by Librairie Hachette and was able to practice his passion in the scope of his profession. He also gave geography lessons at the School of Anthropology, and became editor of the French Alpine Club directory. On August 11, 1878, accompanied by high-mountain guide

Henri Passet Henri is an Estonian, Finnish, French, German and Luxembourgish form of the masculine given name Henry. People with this given name ; French noblemen :'' See the 'List of rulers named Henry' for Kings of France named Henri.'' * Henri I de Montm ...

, he carried out the first known ascension of the ''Grand Batchimale'' (3,176 m), consequently renamed

pic Schrader The Pic Schrader or Grand Batchimale is a central Pyrenean summit, culminating at , located for the most part in Spain. It buckles the Louron valley with its impressive silhouette It is located between the massifs of Monte Perdido and Posets. ...

. In 1880, he was promoted director of cartography for Hachette and aimed at surpassing in quality the ''Stieler Atlas'', by German

Adolf Stieler Adolf Stieler (26 February 177513 March 1836) was a German cartographer and lawyer who worked most of his life in the Justus Perthes Geographical Institute in Gotha. Although he studied law and would serve in government for his entire career, h ...

. On November 25, 1897, as vice-president of the C.A.F. he convened a conference at the Club Alpin which constituted his true esthetic credo of the mountain and in which he announced the imminent foundation of a French school of mountain painting. The conference text title was : ''À quoi tient la beauté des montagnes'' (''What makes the beauty of mountains''); this speech is considered as the birth bulletin of la Société des peintres de montagneSociété des peintres de montagne
(Paris) and its text is reproduced in 1898 in the Club Alpin Français directory. From 1901 to 1904, he presided over le Club Alpin Français. He also actively contributed to the

Guides Joanne ''Guides Joanne'' (est. 1841) was a series of French-language travel guide books to Europe founded by Adolphe Joanne and published in Paris. Routes followed the railways at first, and later volumes guided readers by province. __NOTOC__ Titles * ...

of the Librairie Hachette, which in 1919 became the Guides bleus. The scientific commission created by Franz Schrader in the Club Alpin Français still exists today, as well as the Société des Peintres de Montagne. He died in Paris in 1924. In 1927 his remains were transferred to a tomb on a slope of the

cirque de Gavarnie __NOTOC__ The Cirque de Gavarnie is a cirque in the central Pyrenees, in Southwestern France, close to the border of Spain. It is within the commune of Gavarnie, the department of Hautes-Pyrénées, and the Pyrénées National Park. Major feat ...

The orograph

Named from the

ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic peri ...

word for "mountain", and '' -graph'', the orograph was developed at the turn of the 1870s. It was designed to take precise measurements of mountains. One of its characteristics is its ease of transport: it is small enough to be carried while scrambling in the mountains. It is equipped with a sort of telescope that the operator moves along the relief, linked to a rule carrying a pen. The pen draws onto a paper disk that registers the lines on which the telescope is aimed. It thus creates an instant graph of said relief.

Œuvres

Atlas

* ''Atlas de géographie universelle'' (continuation de l'œuvre de Vivien de Saint-Martin * 1890 : ''Atlas de géographie moderne'' (directeur de la cartographie) * 1893 : ''Atlas de géographie historique (id.) * de 1891 à 1914 : ''l'Année cartographique'' (id.) * Franz Schrader et Louis Gallouédec, ''Atlas classique de géographie ancienne et moderne'', Paris : Hachette, 1905. 96 cartes et index de 13 pages. * 1923 : ''Atlas universel de géographie''

Topography

* 1874 : map of the massif Gavarnie - Mont Perdu, à 1/40 000 (avec Lourde-Rocheblave). * 1886–1891 : map of the whole Pyrénées, topographique et géologique, à 1/80 000. * 1882–1892 : map of central Pyrénées at 1/100 000.carte des Pyrénées centrales à 1/100 000
/ref> * 1914 : carte de Gavarnie - Mont Perdu, à 1/20 000.

Paintings

* ''le

Cirque de Gavarnie __NOTOC__ The Cirque de Gavarnie is a cirque in the central Pyrenees, in Southwestern France, close to the border of Spain. It is within the commune of Gavarnie, the department of Hautes-Pyrénées, and the Pyrénées National Park. Major feat ...

'' * ''la Grande Cascade de Gavarnie'' * ''le Lac Glacé du Mont-Perdu'' * ''le Massif de la Maladetta'' * ''Panorama du mont Blanc'' (presented at the pavillon du Club alpin français, during l' Exposition universelle of 1900) * ''le Pic du Midi d'Ossau'' * ''le Vignemale'' Non-comprehensive list (several hundreds of landscape paintings)

Geography lessons

In collaboration with Henri Lemonnier : * ''Éléments de géographie, rédigés suivant les programmes de l'enseignement primaire. Cours élémentaire'', Paris : Hachette, 1881 * ''Éléments de géographie, rédigés suivant les programmes de l'enseignement primaire. Cours moyen'', Paris : Hachette, 1883 * ''Éléments de géographie, rédigés suivant les programmes de l'enseignement primaire. Cours supérieur'', Paris : Hachette, 1883 In collaboration with Louis Gallouédec : * High number of geography school manuels (secondary), Paris, Hachette, collection "Schrader et Gallouédec"

Other

* ''Études géographiques et excursions dans le massif du Mont-Perdu'', Paris : Gauthier-Villars, 1875 * Franz Schrader, Xavier Blanc et E. Levasseur, ''Adolphe Joanne, 1813–1881'', Paris, impr. de G. Chamerot, s. d., 24 p. * ''Le Facteur planétaire de l'évolution humaine'', Paris : V. Giard et E. Brière, 1902, 15 pages * ''Pyrénées. Tome I : Courses et ascensions'', Toulouse : É. Privat, 1936. With foreword, by Dr Georges Sabatier, and ''Franz Schrader, esquisse biographique'', by Maurice Heïd * ''Pyrénées. Tome II : Science et art'', Paris : Éd. Didier, 1936. Suivi d''Essai de biblio-iconographie'', par Maurice Heïd

Honours

* 1889 : chevalier de la

Légion d'honneur The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour ('), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleon ...

* 1928 : grande médaille d'or de la Société géographique de Paris (à titre posthume)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Schrader, Franz 1844 births 1924 deaths Scientists from Bordeaux French people of German descent French mountain climbers French geographers French cartographers 19th-century cartographers 19th-century French painters French male painters 20th-century French painters 20th-century French male artists Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur Sportspeople from Bordeaux Artists from Bordeaux 19th-century French male artists