Franz Philip Kaulen (born 20 March 1827, at
Düsseldorf
Düsseldorf ( , , ; often in English sources; Low Franconian and Ripuarian: ''Düsseldörp'' ; archaic nl, Dusseldorp ) is the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, the most populous state of Germany. It is the second-largest city in ...
; died at
Bonn
The federal city of Bonn ( lat, Bonna) is a city on the banks of the Rhine in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, with a population of over 300,000. About south-southeast of Cologne, Bonn is in the southernmost part of the Rhine-Ru ...
, 11 July 1907) was a German Catholic scriptural scholar.
Life
He attended the gymnasium in his native city, studied theology at the
University of Bonn
The Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University of Bonn (german: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn) is a public research university located in Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded in its present form as the ( en, Rhine ...
from 1846 to 1849, and was ordained priest at
Cologne
Cologne ( ; german: Köln ; ksh, Kölle ) is the largest city of the German western state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and the fourth-most populous city of Germany with 1.1 million inhabitants in the city proper and 3.6 millio ...
on 3 September 1850. For several years he was engaged on the mission in various stations of the
Diocese of Cologne
The Archdiocese of Cologne ( la, Archidioecesis Coloniensis; german: Erzbistum Köln) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in western North Rhine-Westphalia and northern Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany.
History
The Electorate of Colo ...
, until in 1859 he was appointed lecturer at the Konvikt or theological school at Bonn. In 1862 he received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from the
University of Würzburg
The Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg (also referred to as the University of Würzburg, in German ''Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg'') is a public research university in Würzburg, Germany. The University of Würzburg is one of ...
in virtue of a commentary on the ''
Book of Jonas
The Book of Jonah is collected as one of the twelve minor prophets of the Nevi'im ("Prophets") in the Hebrew Bible, and as a book in its own right in the Christian Old Testament. The book tells of a Hebrew prophet named Jonah, son of Amittai, wh ...
''; in 1863 he obtained a chair of Old Testament exegesis at the University of Bonn; in 1880 and 1882 he was appointed extraordinary and ordinary professor of theology at the same university.
In 1890 he was raised to the dignity of a
domestic prelate
Monsignor (; it, monsignore ) is an honorific form of address or title for certain male clergy members, usually members of the Roman Catholic Church. Monsignor is the apocopic form of the Italian ''monsignore'', meaning "my lord". "Monsignor" ca ...
by
Pope Leo XIII
Pope Leo XIII ( it, Leone XIII; born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci; 2 March 1810 – 20 July 1903) was the head of the Catholic Church from 20 February 1878 to his death in July 1903. Living until the age of 93, he was the second-old ...
; in 1900 he received the grand cross of the
Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre, and in 1903 he was made a member of the Biblical Commission. During the same year (1903) he was compelled to give up teaching owing to an
apoplectic stroke.
Works
The study of the Bible was Kaulen's aim from the beginning. He kept it before his mind even when engaged in the ministry or in the conferences at the theological school of Bonn; and nearly all his works refer to it or kindred subjects. His principal works are:
*"Linguae Mandschuricae Institutiones", a grammar of the
Manchu language
Manchu (Manchu:, ) is a critically endangered East Asian Tungusic language native to the historical region of Manchuria in Northeast China.
As the traditional native language of the Manchus, it was one of the official languages of the Qing dyn ...
(Ratisbona, 1856)
* "Die Sprachverwirrung zu Babel", or the confusion of languages at Babel (Mainz, 1861)
* "Librum Jonae exposuit Fr. Kaulen", or a commentary on the Book of Jonas (Mainz, 1862)
* "Geschichte der Vulgata", or a history of the Vulgate (Mainz, 1861)
*"Sprachliches Handbuch zur biblischen Vulgata", or a linguistic manual to the Latin Vulgate (Mainz, 1870)
* "Einleitung in die Heilige Schrift Alten und Neuen Testamentes", or Introduction to the Sacred Scripture of the Old and New Testament (Freiburg, 1876–86)
* "Assyrien und Babylonien" (1876)
*"Der biblische Schöpfungsbericht", or the Biblical account of the creation (Freiburg, 1902)
*"
Thomas von Villanova, ein Büchlein von der göttlichen Liebe", or a book on Divine love (Freiburg, 1872)
*three books of devotion, "Alleluja", "Brot der Engel" or Bread of the Angels, and "Die ewige Anbetung" or the perpetual adoration.
The grammar to the Vulgate, the "Introduction" and "Assyria and Babylon" passed through several editions. The work on
Babel
Babel is a name used in the Hebrew Bible for the city of Babylon and may refer to:
Arts and media Written works Books
*Babel (book), ''Babel'' (book), by Patti Smith
* Babel (2012 manga), ''Babel'' (2012 manga), by Narumi Shigematsu
* Babel (20 ...
was attacked by
August Friedrich Pott
August Friedrich Pott (14 November 1802 in Nettelrede, Hanover5 July 1887 in Halle) was a German pioneer in linguistics.
Pott was a theology student at the University of Göttingen, where he became interested in philology. He became a schoolm ...
,
[J. Leopold, (1989), "The Last Battle over the Tower of Babel: The controversy between August Friedrich Pott and Franz Kaulen", in: J. Gessinger & W. von Rahden eds., ''Theorien vom Ursprung der Sprache'', Berlin & New York: de Gruyter, vol. 11, 548-560.] in an 1863 book ''Anti-Kaulen''.
A lasting monument of his theological learning is found in the second edition of the "
Kirchenlexikon
''Wetzer and Welte's Kirchenlexikon'' is an encyclopedic work of Catholic biography, history, and theology, first compiled by Heinrich Joseph Wetzer and Benedict Welte. The first edition in 12 volumes was published from 1847 to 1860, by Verlag Her ...
". The first edition of his work which comprised 11 volumes, a supplement, and a general index, was issued by the publishing firm of
Benjamin Herder
Benjamin Herder (31 July 1818 – 10 November 1888) headed the Verlag Herder from 1856 until 1888. He was the brother of Karl Raphael Herder and the son of Bartholomäus Herder
Career
Benjamin took charge of the publishing department until his ...
. A second edition soon appeared necessary: in 1877 the editorship was entrusted to
Joseph Hergenröther
Joseph Hergenröther (15 September 1824 – 3 October 1890) was a German Church historian and canonist, and the first Cardinal-Prefect of the Vatican Archive.
Biography
Born in Würzburg, he was the second son of Johann Jacob Hergenröth ...
, then professor in Würzburg, but, at the elevation of the latter to the cardinalate in 1879, was finally given to Kaulen, who presided over the work until it was completed.
The new or second edition comprises twelve volumes and a general index; the first volume appeared in 1886, the last in 1901, and the index, prepared by
Hermann Joseph Kamp, with an introduction on the divisions of theology by
Melchior Abfalter, in 1903. Kaulen was helped by
Hermann Streber, by
Albert Maria Weiss
Albert may refer to:
Companies
* Albert (supermarket), a supermarket chain in the Czech Republic
* Albert Heijn, a supermarket chain in the Netherlands
* Albert Market, a street market in The Gambia
* Albert Productions, a record label
* Alber ...
, O.P., who prepared the catalogue of subjects, and by a large number of learned contributors, the list of whom is given at the end of the last volume. The part taken by Kaulen consisted in editing the articles contributed, in revising several articles taken over from the first edition, and in contributing many articles of his own; the enumeration of his personal contributions fills almost five columns in the general list of contributors.
Notes
References
*''Mitteilungen der Herderschen Verlagshandlung'' (Freiburg, September, 1908)
*''Der Katholik'', no. vi (Mainz, 1907).
External links
Source
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaulen, Franz Philip
1827 births
1907 deaths
German biblical scholars
German encyclopedists
19th-century German Catholic theologians
Writers from Düsseldorf
People from the Rhine Province
University of Bonn alumni
Academic staff of the University of Bonn
German male non-fiction writers
Knights of the Holy Sepulchre