Franz Eilhard Schulze (22 March 1840 – 2 November 1921) was a German
anatomist
Anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having it ...
and
zoologist
Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and d ...
born in
Eldena
Eldena is a municipality in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe ...
, near
Greifswald
Greifswald (), officially the University and Hanseatic City of Greifswald (german: Universitäts- und Hansestadt Greifswald, Low German: ''Griepswoold'') is the fourth-largest city in the German state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania after Rosto ...
.
Biography
He studied at the Universities of
Bonn
The federal city of Bonn ( lat, Bonna) is a city on the banks of the Rhine in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, with a population of over 300,000. About south-southeast of Cologne, Bonn is in the southernmost part of the Rhine-Ru ...
and
Rostock
Rostock (), officially the Hanseatic and University City of Rostock (german: link=no, Hanse- und Universitätsstadt Rostock), is the largest city in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and lies in the Mecklenburgian part of the state, ...
. In 1863, he received his doctorate from Rostock, where he subsequently became a lecturer of
anatomy
Anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having it ...
(1864) and an associate professor of
comparative anatomy (1865). In 1871 he established the zoological institute at the University of Rostock.
[See entry o]
Franz Eilhard Schulze
in Catalogus Professorum Rostochiensium Later on, he served as a professor at the Universities of
Graz and
Berlin
Berlin ( , ) is the capital and List of cities in Germany by population, largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European Union by population within ci ...
.
In 1872, he took part in the "Pomerania" expedition to the
North Sea
The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. An epeiric sea, epeiric sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel in the south and the ...
.
For several years during the 1890s, he was president of the German Zoological Society (''Deutsche Zoologische Gesellschaft'').
He made contributions in his studies on the
anatomy
Anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having it ...
and
developmental history of
invertebrates
Invertebrates are a paraphyletic group of animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a ''backbone'' or ''spine''), derived from the notochord. This is a grouping including all animals apart from the chordat ...
, in particular, his research and publications in regards to sea-
sponge
Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate throug ...
s. He was especially interested in a class of sponges known as
Hexactinellida
Hexactinellid sponges are sponges with a skeleton made of four- and/or six-pointed siliceous spicules, often referred to as glass sponges. They are usually classified along with other sponges in the phylum Porifera, but some researchers con ...
, of which he studied from collections taken from the U.S. "Albatross Expedition" and the British "
Challenger Expedition
The ''Challenger'' expedition of 1872–1876 was a scientific program that made many discoveries to lay the foundation of oceanography. The expedition was named after the naval vessel that undertook the trip, .
The expedition, initiated by Wi ...
" (1873–76). Schulze also conducted important investigations of delicate sponge-like
protozoans
Protozoa (singular: protozoan or protozoon; alternative plural: protozoans) are a group of single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic tissues and debris. Histo ...
known as
xenophyophores
Xenophyophorea is a clade of foraminiferans. Members of this class are multinucleate unicellular organisms found on the ocean floor throughout the world's oceans, at depths of . They are a kind of foraminiferan that extract minerals from their s ...
.
In 1883, Schulze was the first to describe
Trichoplax adhaerens
''Trichoplax adhaerens'' is one of the three named species in the phylum Placozoa. The others are '' Hoilungia hongkongensis'' and '' Polyplacotoma mediterranea''. The Placozoa is a basal group of multicellular animals (metazoa). ''Trichoplax'' ...
, one of the most basal multicellular animals and member species of the phylum
placozoa
The Placozoa are a basal form of marine free-living (non-parasitic) multicellular organism. They are the simplest in structure of all animals. Three genera have been found: the classical ''Trichoplax adhaerens'', '' Hoilungia hongkongensis'', a ...
.
Selected works
* ''Amerikanische Hexactinelliden nach dem Materiale der Albatross-Expedition''.
Jena
Jena () is a German city and the second largest city in Thuringia. Together with the nearby cities of Erfurt and Weimar, it forms the central metropolitan area of Thuringia with approximately 500,000 inhabitants, while the city itself has a po ...
1899.
* ''Hexactinellida''. Jena: G. Fischer, 1904.
* ''Die Xenophyophoren der Siboga-Expedition''.
Leiden
Leiden (; in English and archaic Dutch also Leyden) is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. The municipality of Leiden has a population of 119,713, but the city forms one densely connected agglomeration wi ...
: Brill, 1906.
Notes
References
* "This article incorporates translated text from an equivalent article at the
German Wikipedia".
External links
*
German anatomists
19th-century German zoologists
1840 births
1921 deaths
University of Rostock alumni
University of Bonn alumni
Academics of the University of Graz
Humboldt University of Berlin faculty
Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
Members of the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala
{{Germany-zoologist-stub