Franz Xaver Alfred Johann Schilder (born 13 April 1896 in Královské Vinohrady, now a district of

Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and List of cities in the Czech Republic, largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 milli ...

, died 11 August 1970 in Halle ) was an Austrian-born German

biologist A biologist is a scientist who conducts research in biology. Biologists are interested in studying life on Earth, whether it is an individual Cell (biology), cell, a multicellular organism, or a Community (ecology), community of Biological inter ...

taxonomist In biology, taxonomy () is the scientific study of naming, defining ( circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are give ...

malacologist Malacology is the branch of invertebrate zoology that deals with the study of the Mollusca (mollusks or molluscs), the second-largest phylum of animals in terms of described species after the arthropods. Mollusks include snails and slugs, clams, ...

and honorary professor of animal geography.

Life

Franz Alfred Schilder was born on 13 April 1896 in Prague suburbs. In 1908, Schilder moved to Vienna. Having graduated from school in 1914, he studied medicine, but the next year his studies were interrupted by

war War is an intense armed conflict between states, governments, societies, or paramilitary groups such as mercenaries, insurgents, and militias. It is generally characterized by extreme violence, destruction, and mortality, using regular o ...

. After the war, he continued studies in ethnography, geography and paleontology. In 1921, he became a Doctor of Philosophy. In 1922, Schilder emigrated to Germany. In Berlin he started attending the Entomological Museum. Around this time Schilder married Maria Heitrich, a German chemist. In 1925, Schilder already was a recognized scientist at Naumburg/Saale in the state institute for research on '' Phylloxera'', remaining there until 1947. In 1945, Schilder became a professor of zoology at the University of Halle-sur-Saale where he taught

zoogeography Zoogeography is the branch of the science of biogeography that is concerned with geographic distribution (present and past) of animal species. As a multifaceted field of study, zoogeography incorporates methods of molecular biology, genetics, mor ...

and statistics. At first, he combined teaching at Halle with his primary work at Naumburg, however in 1947 he relocated to Halle and started teaching also genetics and anthropology. Between 1954 and 1963 Schilder also lectured one day a week in Leipzig. Schilder retired in 1962, but even after that he was invited to lecture frequently until 1966. Schilder was a member of both English societies, of the German Zoological Society, the German Malacozoological Society, and an honorary member of the Hawaiian Malacological Society and the Keppel Bay Shell Club. Franz Albert Schilder died on 11 August 1970 in Halle.

Research

Since the time when Schilder read an ethnological work ''Muschelgeldstudien'' by O. Schneider, he became interested in studying the '' Cypraeacea'' and wrote his dissertation about it. ''Cypraeidae'' was Schilder’s main research interest throughout his life. Along with his wife, Maria Schilder they were a prolific team of mollusc systematists. Schilder’s complete bibliography comprises over 400 titles, including malacological, entomological, biometrical, etc. as well as text books. Among others he published ''Lehrbuch der Allegomeinen Zoogeographie'', a text which focuses on the recognition of biogeographic areas at all geographic scales. A summary and conclusion of his work ''“A Catalogue of living and fossil Cowries”'' was written jointly with his wife, Maria Schilder and published after his death in 1971. Schilder established 45 new genera and 483 new species and subspecies. In his honor were named: the genus '' Schilderia'' Tomlin 1930; the recent species '' Lyncina schilderorum'' Iredale 1939, the fossil species ''Zoila schilderi'' Dey (1932) 1941, and the race ''Cypraea tigris schilderiana'' Cate 1961.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Schilder, Franz Alfred 1896 births 1970 deaths 20th-century German zoologists German taxonomists Conchologists German malacologists Austrian emigrants to Germany