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The Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy (also known as the Batten School) is one of the
University of Virginia The University of Virginia (UVA) is a Public university#United States, public research university in Charlottesville, Virginia. Founded in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson, the university is ranked among the top academic institutions in the United S ...
's thirteen schools. The school offers classes and degree programs in
Public Policy Public policy is an institutionalized proposal or a decided set of elements like laws, regulations, guidelines, and actions to solve or address relevant and real-world problems, guided by a conception and often implemented by programs. Public p ...
and
Leadership Leadership, both as a research area and as a practical skill, encompasses the ability of an individual, group or organization to "lead", influence or guide other individuals, teams, or entire organizations. The word "leadership" often gets view ...
. The school, established in 2007, is closely aligned with many of the University's schools, including the
architecture Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. It is both the process and the product of sketching, conceiving, planning, designing, and constructing building ...
,
business Business is the practice of making one's living or making money by producing or Trade, buying and selling Product (business), products (such as goods and Service (economics), services). It is also "any activity or enterprise entered into for pr ...
,
education Education is a purposeful activity directed at achieving certain aims, such as transmitting knowledge or fostering skills and character traits. These aims may include the development of understanding, rationality, kindness, and honesty. Va ...
,
engineering Engineering is the use of scientific method, scientific principles to design and build machines, structures, and other items, including bridges, tunnels, roads, vehicles, and buildings. The discipline of engineering encompasses a broad rang ...
,
law Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been vario ...
, and
medicine Medicine is the science and practice of caring for a patient, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health. Medicine encompasses a variety of health care pract ...
schools, as well as with programs in politics, economics, and applied ethics.


History

The Frank Batten School, located in
Charlottesville, Virginia Charlottesville, colloquially known as C'ville, is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is the county seat of Albemarle County, which surrounds the city, though the two are separate legal entities. It is named after Queen Ch ...
was established in 2007 by a $100 million gift from
University of Virginia The University of Virginia (UVA) is a Public university#United States, public research university in Charlottesville, Virginia. Founded in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson, the university is ranked among the top academic institutions in the United S ...
alumnus,
Frank Batten Frank Batten (February 11, 1927 – September 10, 2009) was a co-founder of the first nationwide, 24-hour cable weather channel, The Weather Channel. His media company, Landmark Media Enterprises, once owned nine daily newspapers, more th ...
. A part of the University's strategic plan, the Batten School was designed to be an expression of U.Va.'s Jeffersonian heritage. Frank Batten's vision for the school was to create an institution that "focused on developing leaders who understand the responsibilities and opportunities of public life and have a bias for action." The school is housed at the center of the University's grounds in Garrett Hall, next to
Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 18 ...
's Rotunda and
The Lawn The Lawn, a part of Thomas Jefferson's Academical Village, is a large, terraced grassy court at the historic center of Jefferson's academic community at the University of Virginia. The Lawn and its surrounding buildings, designed by Jefferson, dem ...
. Harry Harding, previously the dean of the
George Washington University , mottoeng = "God is Our Trust" , established = , type = Private federally chartered research university , academic_affiliations = , endowment = $2.8 billion (2022) , preside ...
Elliott School of International Affairs The Elliott School of International Affairs (known as the Elliott School or ESIA) is the professional school of international relations, foreign policy, and international development of the George Washington University, in Washington, D.C. It is ...
, was selected as the school's founding dean in January 2009. Garrett Hall went through a multimillion-dollar renovation while under Dean Harding. The project was completed in the summer of 2011. In May 2014, the University announced that
University of Michigan , mottoeng = "Arts, Knowledge, Truth" , former_names = Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania (1817–1821) , budget = $10.3 billion (2021) , endowment = $17 billion (2021)As o ...
professor and national security and international relations policy expert, Allan Stam, was slated to become Batten's second dean. Stam began his term July 1 of that year. In 2019, Ian Solomon was named as the next Dean of the Batten School. A alumnus of
Yale Law School Yale Law School (Yale Law or YLS) is the law school of Yale University, a private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. It was established in 1824 and has been ranked as the best law school in the United States by '' U.S. News & Worl ...
and former legislative counselor to then-Senator
Barack Obama Barack Hussein Obama II ( ; born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, Obama was the first African-American president of the U ...
, has experience in local, national, and international politics. As an esteemed member faculty member at the University of Virginia, Dean Solomon lives in Pavilion X on
The Lawn The Lawn, a part of Thomas Jefferson's Academical Village, is a large, terraced grassy court at the historic center of Jefferson's academic community at the University of Virginia. The Lawn and its surrounding buildings, designed by Jefferson, dem ...
where he frequently hosts students, faculty, staff, and guests of the Batten School.


Academics

Teaching and research is overseen by the Academic Affairs Office, headed by Dean Ian Solomon. The Assistant Dean meets regularly with students. Additionally each student is assigned a faculty mentor. The Batten School operated under the
University of Virginia The University of Virginia (UVA) is a Public university#United States, public research university in Charlottesville, Virginia. Founded in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson, the university is ranked among the top academic institutions in the United S ...
's
Honor System An honor system or honesty system is a philosophical way of running a variety of endeavors based on trust, honor, and honesty. Something that operates under the rule of the "honor system" is usually something that does not have strictly enf ...
and enforces strict consequences for instances of lying, cheating, and stealing within the school. Batten offers multiple degrees and ways to study leadership and public policy.


Degrees


Master of Public Policy, Master of Public Policy (MPP)

Batten's core curriculum requires Master of Public Policy students to take classes in four main areas: 1) concepts and tools of problem solving and policy analysis, 2) leadership, 3) context of public policy, and 4) applied, experiential learning. Students also must take electives, complete an internship, and present an Applied Policy Project—where students must conduct a professional study for an outside client. Optional one-credit short classes are also offered. MPP student summer internships are offered at various
consulting A consultant (from la, consultare "to deliberate") is a professional (also known as ''expert'', ''specialist'', see variations of meaning below) who provides advice and other purposeful activities in an area of specialization. Consulting servic ...
, federal contractor and Federal Government,
state State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our S ...
and
local government Local government is a generic term for the lowest tiers of public administration within a particular sovereign state. This particular usage of the word government refers specifically to a level of administration that is both geographically-loca ...
s, and
NGO A non-governmental organization (NGO) or non-governmental organisation (see spelling differences) is an organization that generally is formed independent from government. They are typically nonprofit entities, and many of them are active in h ...
/
Nonprofit organization A nonprofit organization (NPO) or non-profit organisation, also known as a non-business entity, not-for-profit organization, or nonprofit institution, is a legal entity organized and operated for a collective, public or social benefit, in co ...
s in Virginia and nationally. MPP candidates must take a minimum of 12 credits and a maximum of 17 credits; permission from the Assistant Dean is required to enroll in over 17 credits.


Accelerated Master of Public Policy Program

The Accelerated Bachelor/Master of Public Policy Program allows current
University of Virginia The University of Virginia (UVA) is a Public university#United States, public research university in Charlottesville, Virginia. Founded in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson, the university is ranked among the top academic institutions in the United S ...
undergraduates to complete both a Bachelor's and their
Master's degree A master's degree (from Latin ) is an academic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice.
in five years, one year earlier than the average six. Eligible students apply for the program their third year at U.Va. and must complete three Batten courses per semester their first year at the school. The core curriculum is the same as the MPP program.


Dual-degree programs

The Batten School offers five dual-degree programs where students may earn a degree from another
graduate school Postgraduate or graduate education refers to Academic degree, academic or professional degrees, certificates, diplomas, or other qualifications pursued by higher education, post-secondary students who have earned an Undergraduate education, un ...
at the
University of Virginia The University of Virginia (UVA) is a Public university#United States, public research university in Charlottesville, Virginia. Founded in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson, the university is ranked among the top academic institutions in the United S ...
and at Batten in conjunction.


Bachelor in Public Policy

The school started offering a
Bachelor of Arts Bachelor of arts (BA or AB; from the Latin ', ', or ') is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts, or, in some cases, other disciplines. A Bachelor of Arts degree course is generally completed in three or four years ...
degree in
leadership Leadership, both as a research area and as a practical skill, encompasses the ability of an individual, group or organization to "lead", influence or guide other individuals, teams, or entire organizations. The word "leadership" often gets view ...
and
public policy Public policy is an institutionalized proposal or a decided set of elements like laws, regulations, guidelines, and actions to solve or address relevant and real-world problems, guided by a conception and often implemented by programs. Public p ...
in 2012, with a focus on global and
domestic policy Domestic policy is a type of public policy overseeing administrative decisions that are directly related to all issues and activity within a state's borders. It differs from foreign policy, which refers to the ways a government advances its inter ...
. To complete the degree students must complete the core curriculum required by the
University of Virginia The University of Virginia (UVA) is a Public university#United States, public research university in Charlottesville, Virginia. Founded in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson, the university is ranked among the top academic institutions in the United S ...
as well as an additional 42 credit hours of Batten classes.


Minors at Batten

Undergraduate students at the
University of Virginia The University of Virginia (UVA) is a Public university#United States, public research university in Charlottesville, Virginia. Founded in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson, the university is ranked among the top academic institutions in the United S ...
may apply into one of two minors offered at the school: a Minor in Public Policy and Leadership or a Minor in Social Entrepreneurship. The Minor in Public Policy and Leadership consists of 18 credits and focuses on public policy issues and decision-making processes in public policy formulation and application. Interested students must apply into the program to attain the minor. The Minor in Social
Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship is the creation or extraction of economic value. With this definition, entrepreneurship is viewed as change, generally entailing risk beyond what is normally encountered in starting a business, which may include other values th ...
is one of three concentrations within the Entrepreneurship Minor at UVA, administratively hosted within the McIntire School of Commerce. The program consists of 15 credits, although students must have taken ENTP 1010 - Startup: An Introduction to Entrepreneurship in order to be eligible to apply. The curriculum includes core and capstone Batten courses and two electives from outside of the Batten School.


BattenX

BattenX is a series of programs serve as a convening place to explore new, innovative, and difficult topics in leadership and public policy. They are short-term programs targeted towards professionals already in the public policy space. Previous course topics include leadership, Congressional gridlock, procedural policing, and data impacts on policy.


Academic honors and awards

The Batten School and the
University of Virginia The University of Virginia (UVA) is a Public university#United States, public research university in Charlottesville, Virginia. Founded in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson, the university is ranked among the top academic institutions in the United S ...
offer two annual Outstanding Graduate Teaching Assistant awards, given at the end of the academic year. In addition to these teaching awards, Batten also awards efforts in policy analysis. The Outstanding Applied Policy Project Award is given to an
MPP MPP or M.P.P. may refer to: * Marginal physical product * Master of Public Policy, an academic degree * Member of Provincial Parliament (Ontario), Canada * Member of Provincial Parliament (Western Cape), South Africa * ''Merriweather Post Pavilio ...
student annually, honorable mentions are occasionally awarded as well. Students are also eligible for the
Dean's List A dean's list is an academic award, or distinction, used to recognize the highest level scholarship demonstrated by students in a college or university. This system is most often used in North America, though institutions in Europe, Asia, and Aust ...
and commencement awards.


Centers and collaborations


Center on Education Policy and Workforce Competitiveness

Founded in 2011, the Center is a collaboration between the
Curry School of Education The School of Education and Human Development is a public school of education in the United States, on the campus of the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. The School of Education and Human Development offers professional programs designed t ...
and Batten. The Center aims to draw scholars from the
University of Virginia The University of Virginia (UVA) is a Public university#United States, public research university in Charlottesville, Virginia. Founded in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson, the university is ranked among the top academic institutions in the United S ...
and from around the state to conduct research and data development on educational policy. The interdisciplinary Center also conducts a seminar series on educational policy.


Center for Effective Lawmaking

A collaboration between the niversity of Virginiaand anderbilt University the Center for Effective Lawmaking "seeks to advance the generation, communication, and use of new knowledge about the effectiveness of individual lawmakers and U.S. legislative institutions." The center evaluates lawmakers on effectiveness on four components: proven ability, advancing legislation, members' agenda items, and progression through legislative process into law. The aim of the Center is to hold Congress accountable to real results by evaluating the effectiveness with which they achieve their legislative agendas.


Global Policy Center

The Global Policy Center, established in 2015, seeks to bring together academic and policy scholarship in order to address the world's most pressing humanitarian and development challenges with the tools of research and education. It works alongside the Humanitarian Collaborative at the University of Virginia to accomplish this goal. Collectively, the two groups work to address early childhood development, migration and displacement, and humanitarian advocacy and operational effectiveness.


National Security Policy Center

The
National Security National security, or national defence, is the security and defence of a sovereign state, including its citizens, economy, and institutions, which is regarded as a duty of government. Originally conceived as protection against military atta ...
Policy Center seeks to advance peace and foreign policy through evidence-based teaching, research, and policy engagement on pressing U.S. security issues. Positioned at UVA and only 100 miles from
Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...
, the Center is equipped to access policymakers in order to gain strategic clarity that will lead to successful US
foreign policy A State (polity), state's foreign policy or external policy (as opposed to internal or domestic policy) is its objectives and activities in relation to its interactions with other states, unions, and other political entities, whether bilaterall ...
. The Center patterns with the Global Infectious Disease Institute, the Cyber Innovation and Society Institute, the National Security Innovation Network, the Global Policy Center, and the National Security, Intelligence, and Defense Club.


Center for Social Innovation

The Center for Social Innovation identifies difficult social problems, designs ways to solve them through public and private sectors, and passes these solutions on to policymakers. The Center is lead by Directors Molly Lipscomb, Christine Mahoney, and Bevin Etienne. The Center's primary focus is on research and methods testing.


Social entrepreneurship at U.Va.

The subject of
social entrepreneurship Social entrepreneurship is an approach by individuals, groups, start-up companies or entrepreneurs, in which they develop, fund and implement solutions to social, cultural, or environmental issues. This concept may be applied to a wide range of ...
is a fairly new development in public policy curriculum, in 2013 Batten Professor Christine Mahoney and two students received a grant from th
Jefferson Trust
to fund classes, competitions, field work, and faculty. Social Entrepreneurship @ U.Va. (SE@UVA) is a pan-university
interdisciplinary Interdisciplinarity or interdisciplinary studies involves the combination of multiple academic disciplines into one activity (e.g., a research project). It draws knowledge from several other fields like sociology, anthropology, psychology, ec ...
program that seeks to engage students in thought about social change through entrepreneurship in
non-profit A nonprofit organization (NPO) or non-profit organisation, also known as a non-business entity, not-for-profit organization, or nonprofit institution, is a legal entity organized and operated for a collective, public or social benefit, in co ...
s,
NGO A non-governmental organization (NGO) or non-governmental organisation (see spelling differences) is an organization that generally is formed independent from government. They are typically nonprofit entities, and many of them are active in h ...
s, and government institutions. With a focus on creating value for multiple parties, not just focusing on shareholders, SE @ U.Va. features numerous classes for both graduate and undergraduate students at Batten, including a startup class open to all students, regardless of major or School. The program also sponsors student competitions and hosts lecture series. It centers on developing student skills in interdisciplinary fields, along with finance, policymaking, nonprofits, and international development, and focuses on enacting those skills in real life ventures. SE @ U.Va.'s projects are located in countries across the world, including
Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
,
Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands and ...
,
Rwanda Rwanda (; rw, u Rwanda ), officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of Central Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equator ...
,
Zambia Zambia (), officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central Africa, Central, Southern Africa, Southern and East Africa, although it is typically referred to as being in Southern Africa at its most cent ...
, and the
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
. Classes are cross-listed in the Batten School, as well as in the
Curry School of Education The School of Education and Human Development is a public school of education in the United States, on the campus of the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. The School of Education and Human Development offers professional programs designed t ...
and the
University of Virginia College of Arts and Sciences The University of Virginia College of Arts & Sciences is the largest of the University of Virginia's ten schools. Consisting of both a graduate and an undergraduate program, the College comprises the liberal arts and humanities section of the Uni ...
. It also works closely with the School of Engineering and Applied Science, Darden School of Business, and the
McIntire School of Commerce The McIntire School of Commerce is the University of Virginia's undergraduate business school and graduate business school for Commerce, Global Commerce, Accounting, Management of Information Technology, and Business Analytics. It was founded in ...
. Its four guiding pillars are 1) cross-disciplinary curriculum, 2) experiential education, 3) research and scholarship, and 4) leadership development.


Labs

The Batten School holds a variety of labs that conduct research on topics like psychology and economics. The Behavioral Lab focuses on interpersonal dynamics and organizational behavior to better understand how people act in interdependent contexts. The Judgement and Decisions Experimental Lab looks at behavioral regulators to examine the organizational, social and psychological forces that influence the decision-making process. The Public Engagement in Governance: Looking, Listening, and Learning Laboratory seeks to engineer change by expanding policymaking conversations to include not only those who create and administer policies, but those who live them. The Social Behavior and Decision Lab investigates social judgement and self-regulation in a multitude of social contexts, including competition, reciprocity and the interplay of group and individual goal pursuit. Finally, the Social Cognition and Behavior Lab researches how social identities affect behavior, developing viable ways for individuals to cops with challenging intergroup exchanges and social diversity at large.


Student life

The Batten School has its own thriving student life with a close connection to the
University of Virginia The University of Virginia (UVA) is a Public university#United States, public research university in Charlottesville, Virginia. Founded in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson, the university is ranked among the top academic institutions in the United S ...
and the
Charlottesville Charlottesville, colloquially known as C'ville, is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is the county seat of Albemarle County, which surrounds the city, though the two are separate legal entities. It is named after Queen Ch ...
community.


Student groups

Students are encouraged to join a number of organizations. Both the Undergraduate and Graduate programs have a Council of student leaders, elected to run community outreach, events, professional development activities, and head external, internal, and social committees. Batten Builds is a group that brings students, faculty, and staff together to support nonprofits in the
Charlottesville Charlottesville, colloquially known as C'ville, is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is the county seat of Albemarle County, which surrounds the city, though the two are separate legal entities. It is named after Queen Ch ...
and
Albemarle County Albemarle County is a county located in the Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Its county seat is Charlottesville, which is an independent city and enclave entirely surrounded by the county. Albemarle County is part of the Char ...
area. Previous nonprofits the group has helped include
Habitat for Humanity Habitat for Humanity International (HFHI), generally referred to as Habitat for Humanity or Habitat, is a US non-governmental, and nonprofit organization which was founded in 1976 by couple Millard and Linda Fuller. Habitat for Humanity is a Ch ...
, the Ronald McDonald House, Albemarle Housing Improvement Program, Senior Center, Inc., and others. Foreign Policy Club introduces students to issues of foreign and domestic policy with discussion meetings, guest speakers, and speaker debates. The Women in Policy Club provides a forum for members to unpack news coverage of women through a policy lens, using their background and training in the area. The Black Student Leaders in Policy(BSLIP) provide camaraderie and professional support to Black students attending Batten, giving them a chance to get to know one another and help advance each others skills as future Black policymakers and stakeholders. Policy Rights Inclusion Diversity Equity (PRIDE) at Batten provides LGBTQ+ Batten students a space to convene on queer policy issues, as well as providing fellowship among queer Batten students. Formative Change Group (FCG) Consulting is a pro-bono consulting group that lends the services of its members to non-profits in the area. It was launched in 2012 as a part of the
Clinton Global Initiative The Clinton Foundation (founded in 2001 as the William J. Clinton Presidential Foundation, and renamed in 2013 as the Bill, Hillary & Chelsea Clinton Foundation) is a nonprofit organization under section 501(c)(3) of the U.S. tax code. It was es ...
commitment. The students apply their policy analysis skills to their clients' real world problems and provide the necessary knowledge and support to the organizations so they can carry out their core mission. The Virginia Political Review (VPR) is an independent, student run publication based out of the Batten School. Through opinion pieces, research, book reviews, and other works the group seeks to foster discussion around issues of public policy and promote the work of Batten graduate students. In addition to their bi-annual publication, VPR also hosts a blog, The Third Rail with more timely content. The Batten Latinx Network (BLN) is a student organization that aims to form a community of Latinx students at the Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy. Through this organization, the organization hopes to welcome/recruit prospective undergraduate and graduate Latinx students, to host professional development events for prospective and current students, and to maintain relationships with Latinx alumni.https://www.facebook.com/battenlatinxnetwork/


Notable people

*
Malcolm Brogdon Malcolm Moses Adams Brogdon (born December 11, 1992) is an American professional basketball player for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Virginia Cavaliers under Tony Bennett. As ...
*
James Childress James Franklin Childress (; born October 4, 1940) is a philosopher and theologian whose scholarship addresses ethics, particularly biomedical ethics. Currently he is the John Allen Hollingsworth Professor of Ethics at the Department of Religious ...
*
Marc Ferzan Marc-Philip Ferzan is an attorney, currently serving as Senior Managing Director at Ankura Consulting Group. He was formerly the director of the Governor's Office of Recovery and Rebuilding (where he was nicknamed the "Storm Czar"), from November ...
* Harry Harding *
Frederick Hitz Frederick Porter Hitz (born 14 October 1939) is an author and former Inspector General of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Hitz graduated from Princeton University and the Harvard School of Law. Hitz entered the CIA in 1967 as an operati ...
*
Charles A. Holt Charles A. Holt (born October 2, 1948) is a behavioral economist, the A. Willis Robertson Professor of Political Economy at the University of Virginia. He also teaches public policy at the Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy The ...
*
James D. Savage James D. Savage (born November 14, 1951) is a political science professor at the University of Virginia who teaches public policy in the Department of Politics and the Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy. He is an expert in governmen ...
* Sarah E. Turner *
Timothy Wilson Timothy DeCamp Wilson is an American social psychologist and writer. He is the Sherrell J. Aston Professor of Psychology at the University of Virginia and teaches public policy at the Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy. He is k ...


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy Educational institutions established in 2007 2007 establishments in Virginia University of Virginia schools Public administration schools in the United States Public policy schools