The Fort Pitt Block House (sometimes called Bouquet's Blockhouse or Bouquet's Redoubt) is a historic building in

Point State Park Point State Park (locally known as The Point) is a Pennsylvania state park on in Downtown Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, USA, at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, forming the Ohio River. Built on land acqu ...

in the city of

Pittsburgh Pittsburgh ( ) is a city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States, and the county seat of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, Allegheny County. It is the most populous city in both Allegheny County and Wester ...

. It was constructed in 1764 as a

redoubt A redoubt (historically redout) is a fort or fort system usually consisting of an enclosed defensive emplacement outside a larger fort, usually relying on earthworks, although some are constructed of stone or brick. It is meant to protect soldi ...

of Fort Pitt, making it the oldest extant structure in

Western Pennsylvania Western Pennsylvania is a region in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, covering the western third of the state. Pittsburgh is the region's principal city, with a metropolitan area population of about 2.4 million people, and serves as its economic ...

, as well as the "oldest authenticated structure west of the

Allegheny Mountains The Allegheny Mountain Range (; also spelled Alleghany or Allegany), informally the Alleghenies, is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada and posed a significant barrier to land travel in less devel ...

Construction

The Block House was constructed in 1764 as a defensive military redoubt.

Henry Bouquet Henry Bouquet (born Henri Louis Bouquet; 1719 – 2 September 1765) was a Swiss mercenary who rose to prominence in British service during the French and Indian War and Pontiac's War. He is best known for his victory over a Native American ...

initiated the construction of a small number of redoubts around the outer walls of the fort as a way to reinforce its defense,. The specific number of redoubts constructed is variously listed as two (Toker 2007) or five (Toker 2009) of which only the Fort Pitt Block House survives.

History

When Fort Pitt was demolished in 1792, the Block House was left untouched because it was already in use as a residence. The structure had been converted into a private house in 1785 by

Isaac Craig Isaac Craig (1742–1826) was a Pittsburgh businessman and politician in the early days of western Pennsylvania settlement. Life Craig was born in County Down in Ireland of Protestant parents, and was fortunate enough to be apprenticed as a carpen ...

. In 1894, philanthropist

Mary Schenley Mary Elizabeth Croghan Schenley (April 27, 1826 – November 5, 1903) was an American philanthropist to the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Early life Mary Elizabeth Croghan was born April 27, 1826, near Louisville, Kentucky, to Col. William ...

presented the deed to the Block House to the

Daughters of the American Revolution The Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) is a lineage-based membership service organization for women who are directly descended from a person involved in the United States' efforts towards independence. A non-profit group, they promote ...

(DAR). She did this specifically so that the structure might be preserved for future generations:

You are to preserve and keep this relic of a bygone past, and to gather and preserve all obtainable history and tradition in regard to it, and you are to beautify and adorn it and to make it the receptacle of relics bearing on the Colonial and Revolutionary periods of its existence.…I will therefore…leave the ladies of your Society, who have the history of western Pennsylvania at their finger ends, to tell the story of the chivalrous Frenchmen, cruel, crafty Indians, courageous British, and intrepid Colonists. It is fitting that this old landmark, rich in historic associations of more than a century ago, should fall into the hands of those who by birth, tradition, and sentiment are particularly fitted to receive and preserve it and perpetuate the memories of the days when it was occupied by the French and their Indian allies, and afterwards by the British and Colonial troops.

(However, the French had already abandoned control of the area when the blockhouse was built in 1764.) Industrialist

Henry Clay Frick Henry Clay Frick (December 19, 1849 – December 2, 1919) was an American industrialist, financier, and art patron. He founded the H. C. Frick & Company coke manufacturing company, was chairman of the Carnegie Steel Company, and played a major ...

purchased all of the land surrounding the Block House in 1902, shortly before Schenley's death. He offered the DAR $25,000 to move the Block House to

Schenley Park Schenley Park () is a large municipal park located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, between the neighborhoods of Oakland, Greenfield, and Squirrel Hill. It is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district. In 2011, th ...

; however, the DAR refused. Following lengthy litigation, the

Supreme Court of Pennsylvania The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania is the highest court in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania's Unified Judicial System. It also claims to be the oldest appellate court in the United States, a claim that is disputed by the Massachusetts Supreme ...

ruled in favor of the DAR and the Block House, enabling its continued preservation. The structure has never been torn down, completely rebuilt, or moved during its centuries of existence. Much of its timbers, brick, and stone remain original to its 1764 construction.

Preservation

Although the Block House resides within the boundaries of Point State Park, it is owned and operated by the Fort Pitt Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. The DAR allows visitors to the park to tour the structure. The building is recognized by the

National Register of Historic Places The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the United States federal government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures and objects deemed worthy of preservation for their historical significance or "great artistic v ...

as being the sole surviving historical building in the "

Forks of the Ohio Point State Park (locally known as The Point) is a Pennsylvania state park on in Downtown Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, USA, at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, forming the Ohio River. Built on land acqu ...

(Site of Fort Duquesne and Fort Pitt, Bouquet's Blockhouse)" historic place. It also has a

historical marker A commemorative plaque, or simply plaque, or in other places referred to as a historical marker, historic marker, or historic plaque, is a plate of metal, ceramic, stone, wood, or other material, typically attached to a wall, stone, or other ...

issued by the commonwealth of

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...

and is a Pittsburgh History & Landmarks Foundation designated

Historic Landmark A historic site or heritage site is an official location where pieces of political, military, cultural, or social history have been preserved due to their cultural heritage value. Historic sites are usually protected by law, and many have been rec ...

Maps and illustrations

Before construction

File:Plan of Fort Pitt, 1759.jpg, 1759: A pre-construction plan for Fort Pitt which did not include the Block House. File:Plan of Fort Pitt, 1761.jpg, 1761: A schematic contemporary with the 1761 construction of the fort, also excluding the Block House.

After construction

File:Fort Pitt in 1776.jpg, 1776: The Block House is visible to the left of the fort's wall. File:Fort Pitt 1795 large.jpg, 1795: The Block House is labeled as "Bouquet's Redoubt". File:Pittsburgh 1795 large.jpg, 1795: The Block House is visible to the left of the fort's wall. File:FortPittBlockhouse1893.jpg, c. 1893: The Block House being used as a house. File:FortPittBlockHousecirca1903.jpg, c. 1903: The Block House around the time it was given to the DAR. File:Pittsburgh Volume 3 Plate 1.jpg, 1900: A map of the

. The Block House is surrounded by other structures and listed on the map as being owned by the DAR and "presented by

References

Notes

External links

360° panorama of the Block House exterior360° panorama of the Block House interior
{{Redoubts Tourist attractions in Pittsburgh Protected areas established in 1974 National Historic Landmarks in Pennsylvania Historic American Buildings Survey in Pennsylvania Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania Buildings and structures in Pittsburgh Infrastructure completed in 1764 History of Pittsburgh Pennsylvania state historical marker significations Pittsburgh History & Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks Daughters of the American Revolution museums Redoubts 1764 establishments in Pennsylvania National Register of Historic Places in Pittsburgh Blockhouses