Fort Frederick (1758—1777, earlier Fort Menagoueche, superseded by

Fort Howe Fort Howe (1777 — present historic site) was a British fort built in Saint John, New Brunswick during the American Revolution. It was erected shortly after the American siege in 1777 to protect the city from further American raids. The 18th ...

in 1777) was a British fort at what is now

Saint John, New Brunswick Saint John () is a port#seaport, seaport city located on the Bay of Fundy in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. It is Canada's oldest Municipal corporation, incorporated city, established by royal charter on May 18, 1785, during the reign ...

, Canada. It was built during the St. John River Campaign of the

French and Indian War The French and Indian War, 1754 to 1763, was a colonial conflict in North America between Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and Kingdom of France, France, along with their respective Native Americans in the United States, Native American ...

. It was one of three significant forts which the British built on the major rivers in the Northeast to cut off the natives' water way to the ocean to prevent attacks on the British settlers (see also Fort Halifax and

Fort Pownall Fort Pownall was a British fortification built during the French and Indian War, whose remains are located at Fort Point State Park in Stockton Springs, Maine. The fort was named for Governor Thomas Pownall, who oversaw its construction. It ne ...

). On September 13, 1758,

Robert Monckton Lieutenant general (United Kingdom), Lieutenant-General Robert Monckton (24 June 1726 – 21 May 1782) was a British Army officer, politician and colonial administrator. He had a distinguished military and political career, being second in com ...

and a strong force of regulars and rangers (

Gorham's Rangers Gorham's Rangers was one of the most famous and effective ranger units raised in colonial North America. Formed by John Gorham, the unit served as the prototype for many subsequent ranger forces, including the better known Rogers' Rangers.Car ...

, Danks' Rangers and

Rogers' Rangers Rogers' Rangers was a company of soldiers from the Province of New Hampshire raised by Major Robert Rogers and attached to the British Army during the French and Indian War. The unit was quickly adopted into the New England Colonies army as an i ...

) left Halifax, and arrived at the mouth of the St. John River a week later. He established a new base of operations by reconstructing Fort Menagoueche, which had been destroyed in 1755, and which he renamed Fort Frederick.Roger Sarty and Doug Knight. ''Saint John Fortifications''. 2003. p. 31; ; F. Thériault, p. 11 Establishing Fort Frederick allowed the British to virtually cut off the communications and supplies to the villages on the St. John River. ( Fort Frederick (Maine) was decommissioned the following year.) During the

American Revolution The American Revolution (1765–1783) was a colonial rebellion and war of independence in which the Thirteen Colonies broke from British America, British rule to form the United States of America. The revolution culminated in the American ...

, American Privateers pillaged and burned Fort Frederick in the

Raid on St. John (1775) The Raid on Saint John took place on 27 August 1775 during the American Revolutionary War. The raid involved American privateers from Machias, Province of Maine, Machias, Commonwealth of Massachusetts Bay attacking Saint John, New Brunswick, Saint ...

. After the St. John River expedition, under the command of Gilfred Studholme, the fort was replaced with

to the north across the St. John River in 1777.

Commanders

* Major Roger Morris * Lt Col Arbuthnot *Lt Tong * Ensign Jeremiah Mears

References

;Primary sources *
Moncton's journal
;Secondary sources *Campbell, Gary. The Road to Canada: The Grand Communications Route from Saint John to Quebec. Goose Lane Editions and the New Brunswick Military Heritage Project. 2005 * * *Macfarlane, W. G. ''Fredericton History; Two Centuries of Romance, War, Privation and Struggle'', 1981 *Maxwell, L.M.B. ''An Outline of the History of Central New Brunswick to the Time of Confederation'', 1937. (Republish in 1984 by the York-Sunbury Historical Society.) * * * *Thériault, Fidèle. ''Le village acadien de la Pointe-Sainte-Anne (Fredericton),'' *George MacBeath, "GODIN, Bellefontaine, Beauséjour, JOSEPH," in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 4, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, *AD, Calvados (Caen), C 1020, mémoire de Joseph Bellefontaine, dit Beauséjour, 15 janv. 1774 *Placide Gaudet, "Acadian genealogy and notes," PAC Report, 1905, II, pt.Template:Iii, 140, 241. N.S. Archives, III *Joseph Rôbinau de Villebon, Acadia at the end of the seventeenth century; letters, journals and memoirs of Joseph Robineau de Villebon...J. C. Webster, édit. (Saint-Jean, N.-B., 1934), 99, 149, 154.— L. {{coord , 45.262, N, 66.073, W, display=title Military forts in New Brunswick

Commanders

See also

References