The ''formula togatorum'' ("list of

toga The toga (, ), a distinctive garment of ancient Rome, was a roughly semicircular cloth, between in length, draped over the shoulders and around the body. It was usually woven from white wool, and was worn over a tunic. In Roman historical tra ...

-wearers") was a schedule kept in

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

that listed the various military obligations that Rome's Italian allies were required to supply to Rome in times of war. ''Togati'', "those who wear the toga," is not precisely equivalent to "Roman citizens," and may mean more broadly "

Romanized Romanization or romanisation, in linguistics, is the conversion of text from a different writing system to the Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so. Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, and ...

"; in the inscriptional context in which the phrase appears, ''togati'' seems to mean Romans, allies, or

Latins The Latins were originally an Italic tribe in ancient central Italy from Latium. As Roman power and colonization spread Latin culture during the Roman Republic. Latins culturally "Romanized" or "Latinized" the rest of Italy, and the word Latin ...

who are subject to

conscription Conscription (also called the draft in the United States) is the state-mandated enlistment of people in a national service, mainly a military service. Conscription dates back to antiquity and it continues in some countries to the present day un ...

. According to

Polybius Polybius (; grc-gre, Πολύβιος, ; ) was a Greek historian of the Hellenistic period. He is noted for his work , which covered the period of 264–146 BC and the Punic Wars in detail. Polybius is important for his analysis of the mixed ...

(3. 107. 12), in his day, Rome's allies supplied as many infantry soldiers as did Rome itself, but three times as much cavalry.

Appian Appian of Alexandria (; grc-gre, Ἀππιανὸς Ἀλεξανδρεύς ''Appianòs Alexandreús''; la, Appianus Alexandrinus; ) was a Greek historian with Roman citizenship who flourished during the reigns of Emperors of Rome Trajan, Hadr ...

and

Velleius Paterculus Marcus Velleius Paterculus (; c. 19 BC – c. AD 31) was a Roman historian, soldier and senator. His Roman history, written in a highly rhetorical style, covered the period from the end of the Trojan War to AD 30, but is most useful for the per ...

also mention allied contributions.

Toynbee Toynbee is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Arnold Toynbee (1852–1883), British economic historian * Arnold Joseph Toynbee (1889–1975), British historian * Geoffrey Toynbee (1885–1914), English cricketer * Henry Toynb ...

supposed that the ''formula'' listed the maximum number of troops that Rome could demand.

Brunt Brunt is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Chris Brunt, Northern Irish football player *David Brunt, British meteorologist *Dominic Brunt, English actor * John Brunt, soldier in World War II who was posthumously awarded the Vic ...

, by contrast, argued that the obligation was set at a sliding scale, and that Rome could demand so many men per year from each community for every legion that it fielded.

, ''Italian Manpower'', 677ff.

Bibliography

*A.J. Toynbee, ''Hannibal's Legacy'' (London, 1965). *

P.A. Brunt Peter Astbury Brunt Fellow of the British Academy, FBA (23 June 19175 November 2005) was a British academic and ancient historian. He was Camden Professor of Ancient History at the University of Oxford from 1970 to 1982. During his career, he le ...

, ''Italian Manpower: 225 B.C.—A.D. 14'' (Oxford U.P., 1971).

Notes

Military of ancient Rome Roman Republic History of the Roman Republic {{ancientRome-stub