Forests Department, Haryana is a department of the

Government of Haryana The Government of Haryana, also known as the State Government of Haryana, or locally as the State Government, is the supreme governing authority of the Indian state of Haryana and its 22 districts. It consists of an executive, ceremonially led ...

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

that runs and maintains many protected nature areas in the state of

Haryana Haryana (; ) is an Indian state located in the northern part of the country. It was carved out of the former state of East Punjab on 1 Nov 1966 on a linguistic basis. It is ranked 21st in terms of area, with less than 1.4% () of India's land ar ...

. It has two administrative divisions:

Forest A forest is an area of land dominated by trees. Hundreds of definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing, and ecological function. The United Nations' ...

and

Wildlife Wildlife refers to domestication, undomesticated animal species (biology), species, but has come to include all organisms that grow or live wilderness, wild in an area without being species, introduced by humans. Wildlife was also synonymous ...

. The department is responsible for maintaining

National Parks A national park is a natural park in use for conservation purposes, created and protected by national governments. Often it is a reserve of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that a sovereign state declares or owns. Although individual ...

Wildlife Sanctuaries A nature reserve (also known as a wildlife refuge, wildlife sanctuary, biosphere reserve or bioreserve, natural or nature preserve, or nature conservation area) is a protected area of importance for flora, fauna, or features of geological or ...

and Conservation Reserves in

. It also provides a special emphasis on Soil and Moisture Conservation works in the hills to conserve water and deliver it to adjacent farmlands. Two National Parks, eight Wildlife Sanctuaries, two Conservation Reserves, four Animal & Bird Breeding Centres, one Deer park, and 49 herbal parks.

Kanwar Pal Gujjar Kanwar Pal Gurjar was a speaker of the Haryana Legislative Assembly from 26 October 2014 to 4 November 2019. He belongs to Bharatiya Janata Party and was elected to the assembly from Jagadhri two times. He was born in Yamunanagar, Haryana. Lif ...

has been the cabinet minister responsible for this department since October 2019. constitute the Protected Area network of the department, covering 0.75% of the

state State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our S ...

. It also maintains a list of

Protected Areas Protected areas or conservation areas are locations which receive protection because of their recognized natural, ecological or cultural values. There are several kinds of protected areas, which vary by level of protection depending on the ena ...

Administrative divisions

Principal Chief Conservator of Forests The Indian Forest Service (IFS) is one of the three All India Services of the Government of India. The other two All India Services being the Indian Administrative Service and the Indian Police Service. It was constituted in the year 1966 und ...

heads the Haryana Forests Department. There are two divisions: Wildlife Zones for

wildlife Wildlife refers to domestication, undomesticated animal species (biology), species, but has come to include all organisms that grow or live wilderness, wild in an area without being species, introduced by humans. Wildlife was also synonymous ...

and Forests Zones for

forest A forest is an area of land dominated by trees. Hundreds of definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing, and ecological function. The United Nations' ...

Forests zones

There are two Forests Protection zones and 4 Forests circles/divisions, i.e., 2 circles per zone. Each Forests Protection Zone is headed by the Chief Conservator of Forests assisted by his subordinate Divisional Forest Officer (DFO), who heads the respective circles.Haryana Forests Manual
/ref> * Forests Protection Zone-1: Based at Panchkula, covers the geographical northern half of Haryana. ** North Forests Circle/Division: Covers northeast geographical quadrant of Haryana including Shivalik Hills and down to Sonipat. ** West Forests Circle/Division: Covers northwest geographical quadrant of Haryana including Sirsa, Hisar, Jind.
Business Standard, 18 January 2018. * Forests Protection Zone-2: Based at Gurugram, covers geographical southern half of Haryana. ** Central Forests Circle/Division: Covers central geographical quadrant of Haryana including Rohtak, Jhajjar, Charkhi Dadri, Bhiwani, Mahendragarh etc. ** South Forests Circle/Division: Covers geographical South Haryana including Faridabad, Nuh, Palwal, etc.

Wildlife zones

There are two sub zones, each one headed by the Chief Conservator of Wildlife. * Wildlife North zone: Based at Panchkula, covers the geographical northern half of Haryana including Shivalik Hills to Sirsa, to Hisar to Rohtak. * Wildlife South zone: Based at Gurugram, covers the geographical southern half of Haryana including Charkhi Dadri, Bhiwani, Mahendragarh, Nuh, palwal, Gurugram, Faridabad, etc.

Flora of Haryana

Forests of Haryana include 3.52% area of Haryana as reserved forests, and additionally, nearly 3.62% of Haryana is under tree cover. Thus a total of 7.14% of Haryana is under tree cover against the national target of 30%, and state target of 20% land under

forest cover Forest cover is the amount of forest that covers a particular area of land. It may be measured as relative (in percent) or absolute (in square kilometres/square miles). Around a third of the world's surface is covered with forest, with closed-canop ...

. India's forest policy mandates bringing 20% land under forest cover with the view to having a total of 30% area under forest cover, and Haryana only has 3.9% (1,584 km²) land under forest cover, which was further reduced by 79.44 km² between 2014–15 and 2016-17 due to diversion of forest land to other uses. The main forest cover lies in Sivalik Hills Range in the northeast and Aravalli Hills Range in the south of Haryana. Mangar Bani is a

sacred grove Sacred groves or sacred woods are groves of trees and have special religious importance within a particular culture. Sacred groves feature in various cultures throughout the world. They were important features of the mythological landscape and ...

in Haryana Aravallis, which is also the largest and one of the oldest Neolithic sites in India with stone tools and rock paintings.

Yamuna The Yamuna (Hindustani language, Hindustani: ), also spelt Jumna, is the second-largest tributary river of the Ganges by discharge and the longest tributary in List of major rivers of India, India. Originating from the Yamunotri Glacier at a ...

and

Sarasvati Saraswati ( sa, सरस्वती, ) is the Hindu goddess of knowledge, music, art, speech, wisdom, and learning. She is one of the Tridevi, along with the goddesses Lakshmi and Parvati. The earliest known mention of Saraswati as a god ...

(

Ghaggar The Ghaggar-Hakra River is an intermittent river in India and Pakistan that flows only during the monsoon season. The river is known as Ghaggar in India, before the Ottu barrage, and as the Hakra in Pakistan, downstream of the barrage, ending ...

) rivers are

sacred rivers Sacred describes something that is dedicated or set apart for the service or worship of a deity; is considered worthy of spiritual respect or devotion; or inspires awe or reverence among believers. The property is often ascribed to objects (a ...

that flow through Haryana. Dhosi Hills is one of the

sacred mountains Sacred mountains are central to certain religions, and are usually the subjects of many legends. For many, the most symbolic aspect of a mountain is the peak because it is believed that it is closest to heaven or other religious realms. Many rel ...

of Haryana. By 2021, the Haryana government provides INR50 per tree per student every six months for classes 6 to 12 for planting and caring for trees for at least three years. The government is considering making it mandatory to plant and care for at least ten trees to obtain the graduation certificate from year 12. Higher degrees and students will be given ten marks for planting trees. Forests Department, Haryana has initiated a state-wide program to plant

panchavati Nashik (, Marathi: aːʃik, also called as Nasik ) is a city in the northern region of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Situated on the banks of river Godavari, Nashik is the third largest city in Maharashtra, after Mumbai and Pune. Nashik ...

groves in each village, along the

temples A temple (from the Latin ) is a building reserved for spiritual rituals and activities such as prayer and sacrifice. Religions which erect temples include Christianity (whose temples are typically called churches), Hinduism (whose temples ...

ponds A pond is an area filled with water, either natural or artificial, that is smaller than a lake. Defining them to be less than in area, less than deep, and with less than 30% emergent vegetation helps in distinguishing their ecology from th ...

, and

common land Common land is land owned by a person or collectively by a number of persons, over which other persons have certain common rights, such as to allow their livestock to graze upon it, to collect Wood fuel, wood, or to cut turf for fuel. A person ...

. From 2021, the village identified the land for planting these groves, which will be looked after by the villagers. Within each grove, the peepal will be planted in the east, Banyan in the north, bel in the centre, amla in the west and ashoka tree in the south.

Panchavati Nashik (, Marathi: aːʃik, also called as Nasik ) is a city in the northern region of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Situated on the banks of river Godavari, Nashik is the third largest city in Maharashtra, after Mumbai and Pune. Nashik ...

, are groves of five trees sacred to Indian-origin religions, such as

Hinduism Hinduism () is an Indian religion or '' dharma'', a religious and universal order or way of life by which followers abide. As a religion, it is the world's third-largest, with over 1.2–1.35 billion followers, or 15–16% of the global p ...

Buddhism Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and gra ...

and

Jainism Jainism ( ), also known as Jain Dharma, is an Indian religions, Indian religion. Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the succession of twenty-four tirthankaras (supreme preachers of ''Dharma''), with the first in the current ...

. Panchvati has five types of sacred trees, however, there are more than five types of trees that are considered sacred and form the part of Panchayati. Sacred trees used in panchavati are the Vata (

ficus benghalensis ''Ficus benghalensis'', commonly known as the banyan, banyan fig and Indian banyan, is a tree native to the Indian Subcontinent. Specimens in India are among the largest trees in the world by canopy coverage. It also known as the " strangler fig ...

, Banyan), Ashvattha (

ficus religiosa ''Ficus religiosa'' or sacred fig is a species of Ficus, fig native to the Indian subcontinent and Indochina that belongs to Moraceae, the fig or mulberry family. It is also known as the bodhi tree, pippala tree, peepul tree, peepal tree, pipa ...

, Peepal), Bilva (

aegle marmelos ''Aegle marmelos'', commonly known as bael (or ''bili'' or ''bhel''), also Bengal quince, golden apple, Japanese bitter orange, stone apple or wood apple, is a rare species of tree native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It is pre ...

, Bengal Quince), Amalaki (

phyllanthus emblica ''Phyllanthus emblica'', also known as emblic, emblic myrobalan, myrobalan, Indian gooseberry, Malacca tree, or amla, from the Sanskrit आमलकी (āmalakī), is a deciduous tree of the family Phyllanthaceae. Its native range is tropical a ...

, Indian Gooseberry, Amla), Ashoka (

Saraca asoca ''Saraca asoca'' ( Named after great king 'Ashoka' )(the ashoka tree; lit., "sorrow-less") is a plant belonging to the Detarioideae subfamily of the legume family. It is an important tree in the cultural traditions of the Indian subcontinent and ...

, Ashok), Udumbara (

ficus racemosa ''Ficus racemosa'', the cluster fig, red river fig or gular, is a species of plant in the family Moraceae. It is native to Australia and tropical Asia. It is a fast-growing plant with large, very rough leaves, usually attaining the size of a lar ...

, Cluster Fig, Gular), Nimba (

Azadirachta indica ''Azadirachta indica'', commonly known as neem, nimtree or Indian lilac, is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae. It is one of two species in the genus ''Azadirachta'', and is native to the Indian subcontinent and most of the countries in Afri ...

, Neem) and Shami (

prosopis spicigera ''Prosopis cineraria'', also known as ghaf, is a species of flowering tree in the pea family, Fabaceae. It is native to arid portions of Western Asia and the Indian Subcontinent, including Afghanistan, Bahrain, Iran, India, Oman, Pakistan, Saud ...

, Indian Mesquite). In Hindu belief, the

Kalpavriksha Kalpavriksha () is a wish-fulfilling divine tree in Indian religions, like Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism. Its earliest descriptions are mentioned in Sanskrit literature. It is also a popular theme in Jain cosmology and Buddhism. ...

is a wish-granting tree. In addition to the Panchvati trees described below, the other sacred trees include the

Akshayavat Akshayavata (), also rendered Akshayavat, is a sacred fig tree mentioned in the Hindu mythology. It is also the name of a sacred lake mentioned in the Puranas. Legend The Padma Purana states that those who venerate the Akshayavata with devoti ...

-a sacred fig tree,

Banana leaf The banana leaf is the leaf of the banana plant, which may produce up to 40 leaves in a growing cycle. The leaves have a wide range of applications because they are large, flexible, waterproof and decorative. They are used for cooking, wrappin ...

, Kadamba, Parijaat,

Sandalwood Sandalwood is a class of woods from trees in the genus ''Santalum''. The woods are heavy, yellow, and fine-grained, and, unlike many other aromatic woods, they retain their fragrance for decades. Sandalwood oil is extracted from the woods for us ...

, etc. Bodhi Tree(Banyan) is specially revered, and there are numerous large banyan trees in India. The sacred fruits and plants include the

Bael Bael may refer to: *''Aegle marmelos'', commonly known as the Bael tree *Bael (demon) * Bael (wrestler) See also * Baal (disambiguation) * Bail (disambiguation) Bail is the conditional release of an arrested person prior to their trial, or the mo ...

Kusha grass The kusha () grass, the darbha () grass and the pavitram (), are the Sanskrit terms for ''Desmostachya bipinnata'' grass. This grass is of literary and ritual significance in Hinduism. In the performance of Vedic rituals such as the homam and ...

Tulsi ''Ocimum tenuiflorum'', commonly known as holy basil, ''tulsi'' or ''tulasi'', is an aromatic perennial plant in the family Lamiaceae. It is native to the Indian subcontinent and widespread as a cultivated plant throughout the Southeast Asian ...

(see

Tulasi chaura A Tulasi Vrindavana () is a small podium-like stone or cement altar present in front of traditional Hindu houses, housing the sacred tulasi plant. Tulasi is an aromatic plant in the family Lamiaceae, native throughout the tropics, and widesprea ...

and

Tulsi Vivah Tulasi Vivaha (, kan, ತುಳಸಿ ಮದುವೆ, translit=Tulasi Maduve, , ), also called Tulasi Kalyanam, is a Hindu festival, in which a ceremonial wedding of the goddess Tulasi (The personification of the holy basil, a form of Laksh ...

), flowers such as Lotus,

Champaka ''Magnolia champaca'', known in English as champak (), is a large evergreen tree in the family Magnoliaceae.

coconut The coconut tree (''Cocos nucifera'') is a member of the palm tree family ( Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus ''Cocos''. The term "coconut" (or the archaic "cocoanut") can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or the ...

paan Betel nut chewing, also called betel quid chewing or areca nut chewing, is a practice in which areca nuts (also called "betel nuts") are chewed together with slaked lime and betel leaves for their stimulant and narcotic effects. The practice ...

(betal leaf),

banana leaf The banana leaf is the leaf of the banana plant, which may produce up to 40 leaves in a growing cycle. The leaves have a wide range of applications because they are large, flexible, waterproof and decorative. They are used for cooking, wrappin ...

, etc. are also sacred. Tulsi in India is cultivated for religious and

traditional medicine Traditional medicine (also known as indigenous medicine or folk medicine) comprises medical aspects of traditional knowledge that developed over generations within the folk beliefs of various societies, including indigenous peoples, before the ...

purposes and also for its

essential oil An essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile (easily evaporated at normal temperatures) chemical compounds from plants. Essential oils are also known as volatile oils, ethereal oils, aetheroleum, or simply as the o ...

. It is widely used as a

herbal tea Herbal teas, also known as herbal infusions and less commonly called tisanes (UK and US , US also ), are beverages made from the infusion or decoction of herbs, spices, or other plant material in hot water. Oftentimes herb tea, or the plain term ...

, commonly used in

Ayurveda Ayurveda () is an alternative medicine system with historical roots in the Indian subcontinent. The theory and practice of Ayurveda is pseudoscientific. Ayurveda is heavily practiced in India and Nepal, where around 80% of the population repo ...

. It has a place within the

Vaishnava Vaishnavism ( sa, वैष्णवसम्प्रदायः, Vaiṣṇavasampradāyaḥ) is one of the major Hindu denominations along with Shaivism, Shaktism, and Smartism. It is also called Vishnuism since it considers Vishnu as the ...

tradition of

, in which devotees perform worship involving holy basil plants or leaves. The sacred flowers include the Lotus,

Champaka ''Magnolia champaca'', known in English as champak (), is a large evergreen tree in the family Magnoliaceae.

and Marigold.

Fauna of Haryana

Biodiversity of wild animal species

Gurugram and Faridabad have a high concentration of wild animals with 27 species from 14 families, including leopards, hyena, jackal, wolf, fox, jungle cat, mongoose, civet, porcupine, hare, wild pig, rhesus macaque, nilgai, grey francolin and chinkara in the rapidly degrading ecosensitive areas of Raisina, Manesar, Nuh, Mohamadpur Ahir, Bhondsi, Damdama, Mangarbani and Mandawar.There may be an increase in leopard population in Gurugram
Millennium Post, 7 August 2019. Northern Aravalli leopard and wildlife corridor between from

Sariska Tiger Reserve Sariska Tiger Reserve is a tiger reserve in Alwar district, Rajasthan, India. It stretches over an area of comprising scrub-thorn arid forests, dry deciduous forests, grasslands, and rocky hills. This area was a hunting preserve of the Alwa ...

in Rajasthan to Delhi Ridge is a 200 km long important

biodiversity Biodiversity or biological diversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is a measure of variation at the genetic (''genetic variability''), species (''species diversity''), and ecosystem (''ecosystem diversity'') l ...

and wildlife corridor which is a habitat for the Indian leopards and jackals of Aravalli, who often migrate between Delhi and Sariska, but the urban development, in particular the highways and railways bisecting the Aravalli range and wildlife corridor in several place pose a great risk. According to a 2019 study by

Bombay Natural History Society The Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), founded on 15 September 1883, is one of the largest non-governmental organisations in India engaged in conservation and biodiversity research. It supports many research efforts through grants and publi ...

(BNHS) at the Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary the number of

golden jackal The golden jackal (''Canis aureus''), also called common jackal, is a wolf-like canid that is native to Southeast Europe, Southwest Asia, South Asia, and regions of Southeast Asia. The golden jackal's coat varies in color from a pale creamy y ...

has doubled from 8 to 19 in 8 km tract where rodents and hares are their prey base along with the staple diet of zizipus jujube (jhad ber),

ruddy mongoose The ruddy mongoose (''Urva smithii'') is a mongoose species native to hill forests in India and Sri Lanka. Description The ruddy mongoose's fur is brownish and coarse, long in hindquarters, but short in other parts of the body. Its head to body ...

and

jungle cat The jungle cat (''Felis chaus''), also called reed cat, swamp cat and jungle lynx, is a medium-sized cat native to the Middle East, the Caucasus, South and Southeast Asia and southern China. It inhabits foremost wetlands like swamps, littora ...

s are often sighted too, though striped hyena have been vanishing.Golden jackal numbers double in Asola
Times of India, 16 February 2019. In 2021, to provide bird habitats in rapidly urbanising areas the Haryana Wildlife Department distributed 6000 bird nest boxes, 1000 each in 6 districts of

South Haryana South Haryana is an underdeveloped region of the Indian state of Haryana. South Haryana has dearth of essentials i.e. water ( Bhakra water), road, transport and protracted demand of University and educational institutes. The Haryana government is ...

, bird houses to be given to panchayats, government offices, NGOs, etc. To cater for birds of small and medium sizes, the boxes are of two types - 9x9 inch and 1 ft. x 1 ft. Boxes need to be placed in a way that the opening faces away from the strong winds so that hatchlings are protected. Wildlife activists demanded that the government need to take more conservation action than just distributing bird boxes.To give homes to sparrows and mynahs Haryana plans 6000 nest boxes in 6-districts
Times of India, 19 July 201. In 2019, Haryana established a Sparrow Rescue and Research Centre (SRRCP) in Jodhpur village near Bhondsi Nature Camp in Aravalli mountain range in the south Haryana and earlier it had established the SJatayu Conservation and Breeding Centre at Pinjore in Shivalik mountain range in the north Haryana with the help of

. Though

International Union for Conservation of Nature The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natu ...

has classified the sparrow as least-concerned species globally but its numbers have been declining, specially in Punjab and Haryana. Centres will be focused on conducting research on the causes of decline and to formulate action plans to reverse that.

Leopards

The Leopards of Haryana, the largest predatory mammal of the state, are found in two distinct biospheres, in the Shivalik hill range in the north especially in and around

Kalesar National Park Kalesar National Park () and adjacent Kalesar Wildlife Sanctuary ( are protected areas in Yamunanagar district of Haryana state in India, from Chandigarh. Kalesar National Park was established in 2003. Kalesar National Park and Kalesar Wildl ...

and the

Morni Morni is a village and tourist attraction in the Morni Hills at the height of in the Panchkula district of the Indian state of Haryana. It is located around from Chandigarh, from Panchkula city and is known for its Himalayan views, flora ...

hills forest, and also in

in the forests of Northern Aravalli leopard and wildlife corridor. Haryana has nearly 100 leopards in Shivalik and Aravalli,Radio collars to be put on leopards in Haryana
24 December 2019. including 24 in Kalesar National park alone, and 40 to 45 leopards in Gurugram-Faridabad Aravali of which 35 in Gurugram alone. Large parts of Aravalli are legally and physically unprotected, with no

wildlife crossing Wildlife crossings are structures that allow animals to cross human-made barriers safely. Wildlife crossings may include underpass tunnels or wildlife tunnels, viaducts, and overpasses or green bridges (mainly for large or herd-type animals); ...

s and little or no

wildlife conservation Wildlife conservation refers to the practice of protecting wild species and their habitats in order to maintain healthy wildlife species or populations and to restore, protect or enhance natural ecosystems. Major threats to wildlife include habita ...

work resulting in deaths of over 11 leopards in 4 years between January 2015 to January 2019.Death, proof of leopard life in Asola sanctuary
Hindustan Times, 31 January 2019.10-month-old leopard found dead on Gurugram-Faridabad Expressway
India Today, 31 January 2019.Leopard killed in accident on Gurugram-Faridabad road
Times of India, 30 January 2019. In January 2019,

Wildlife Institute of India The Wildlife Institute of India (WII) is an autonomous natural resource service institution established in 1982 under the Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate change, Government of India. WII carries out wildlife research in areas of stu ...

(WII) announced that they will undertake the survey of leopard and wildlife, using

pugmark Pugmark is the term used to refer to the footprint of most animals (especially megafauna). "Pug" means foot in Hindi (Sanskrit पद् "pad"; Greek πούς "poús"). Every individual animal species has a distinct pugmark and as such this is us ...

s and trap cameras, subsequently leopards and jackals will be tracked via the radio tracking collars. In 2019, the government of Haryana decided to fit all the leopards with radio tracking collars so that their hunting patterns can be studied and the human animal conflicts can be avoided by rescuing leopards straying in human habitations.

Increasing number of leopards

According to the

(WII) study in 2017, the number of leopards increased in the forested areas of Aravali in Gurugram and Faridabad, from virtually none in the 1980s to 40 to 45 leopards. Leopards pugmarks have often been sighted at "Asola Bhatti wildlife sanctuary" and the contiguous forested areas of Gurugram-Faridabad Aravalli hills such as Mangar Bani,

Badkhal Lake Badkhal Lake was a natural lake situated in Badkhal village near Faridabad, in the Indian state of Haryana, about 32 kilometers from the national capital of Delhi. Fringed by the hills of the Aravalli Range, this was a man-made embankment. Owin ...

wildlife area, Mohbtabad, Roj ka Meo.

High leopard death rate caused by humans

According to a study by

WII The Wii ( ) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Nintendo. It was released on November 19, 2006, in North America and in December 2006 for most other Regional lockout, regions of the world. It is Nintendo's fifth major ho ...

Wildlife Conservation Society The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) is a non-governmental organization headquartered at the Bronx Zoo in New York City, that aims to conserve the world's largest wild places in 14 priority regions. Founded in 1895 as the New York Zoological ...

and the

National Centre for Biological Sciences National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS) in Bangalore, Karnataka, is a research centre specialising in biological research. It is a part of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) under the Department of Atomic Energy of the Go ...

the number of leopard has decreased by 80% in last 100 years in India.Protect the spots Leopards in crisis
Millennium Post, 3 February 2018. According to

Wildlife Protection Society of India The Wildlife Protection Society of India (WPSI) was founded in 1994 by Belinda Wright, its Executive Director, who was an award-winning wildlife photographer and filmmaker till she took up the cause of conservation. From its inception, WPSI's ...

(WPSI) 500 leopards died in India in 2018. In first four months of 2019, 218 leopards were killed which is 40% more than previous year, thus according to the WPSI assessment this puts leopards at higher risk of extinction than tigers due to very high mortality rate. Leopards adopt to living peacefully near the human habitats, but this also puts them at greater risk of being killed by humans due to poaching, electrocution, being hit by vehicles, etc.Trapped, beaten or shot to death: India loses 218 leopards in 2019
Business Standard, 8 June 2019. Between January 2014 to January 2018, 11 leopards were killed in Faridabad-Gurugram area in 4 years, due to the increased human-animal conflict after leopards strayed in human habitations as there is scarcity of water in summer months and the man-made drinking water pits for animals in Aravallis remain empty as the water from the pipeline is misused illegally used for other construction activities.Gurugram: 11 leopards killed in 4 years
Millennium Post, 1 February 2019. In 2019 alone, 4 leopards were killed in Gurugram, 3 on Gurugram-Faridabad road and Mandawar, a fourth one in Uttamwala village near Kalesar National Park. In October 2020, a male leopard was killed in a road accident on Gurugram-Faridabad State highway.Leopard killed in accident on highway
The Hindu, 2 October 2020. In July 2021, another leopard was killed on Gurugram-Faridabad Road near

Surajkund Surajkund is an ancient reservoir of the 10th century located on Southern Delhi Ridge of Aravalli range in Faridabad city of Haryana state about 8 km (5mi) from South Delhi. Surajkund (literally 'Lake of the Sun') is an artificial Kund (' ...

due to the brain haemorrhage after being hit by a vehicle.Leopard Killed After Being Hit By Vehicle In Haryana's Faridabad

NDTV New Delhi Television Ltd is an Indian news media company focusing on broadcast and digital news publication. The company is considered to be a legacy brand that pioneered independent news broadcasting in India, and is credited for launching t ...

, 29 July 2021. In Haryana, large parts of Aravalli are legally and physically unprotected, with no wildlife passages and little or no wildlife conservation work. Majority of deaths happen on three highways, mostly on Faridabad-Gurugaon road followed by NH-48 Delhi-Chennai Highway and

Kundli-Manesar-Palwal Expressway The Western Peripheral Expressway (WPE) or Kundli–Manesar–Palwal Expressway (KMP Expressway), is an operational 6-lane (3 lanes in each direction),Gurugram Gurgaon (pronunciation: �ʊɽɡãːw, officially named Gurugram (pronunciation: �ʊɾʊɡɾaːm, is a city located in the northern Indian state of Haryana. It is situated near the Delhi–Haryana border, about southwest of the nationa ...

(Mangar-Bandhwari). Highest number of leopard deaths happen on Gurugram-Faridabad Highway which bisects these forested wildlife areas, which often results in the accidental death of wildlife including leopards. Along with leopard, other animals such as the jackals, nilgai (blue bull), mongoose and other wild animals are frequently killed on these highways. Leopards often stray into human habitation, such as along the Golf Course Road and Gurugram-Faridabad Road, as this whole area is part of Northern Aravalli leopard and wildlife corridor. As of June 2021, an average of 50,000 vehicles travel on the Faridabad-Gurugram Road.गुड़गांव-फरीदाबाद रोड पर बढ़ी टोल टैक्‍स की दरें, 75 रुपये तक बढ़ा टोल टैक्स
Haryana Express, 29 June 2021. There is demand to build wildlife crossing underpasses and overpasses on Faridabad-Gurugaon road, NH48 and KMPE. As of May 2020 on the 25 km long Gurgaon-Faridabad road, Gurgaon has installed lights on the 11 km stretch falling in its area, whereas Faridabad is yet to install lights,
Hindustan Times, 11 May 2020. making it harder for drivers to spot the wildlife on the road on the stretch of the road falling in the Faridabad district. In May 2020, the Detailed Project Report (DPR) and survey for the 32 km long Gurugaon-Faridabad metro link from Vatika CHowk in Gururam to Bata Chowk in Faridabad with 28 km elevated stretch along the Gurugaon-Faridabad Road was completed which will have 8 stations,Survey complete for Gurugram-Faridabad metro link
Times of India, 10 September 2020. this will reduce the vehicular traffic on the Gurugaon-Faridabad road in the sensitive wildlife area. "Wildlife SOS Transit Facility", an NGO based in Gopalpur village of Gurugram, was established with the help of Haryana Forests Department to create awareness about the wildlife conservation, rescue of trapped of injured wildlife, rehabilitation and release back into wildlife and providing permanent shelter to those which could not be released.Wildlife rescuve centre
Wildlife SOS Transit Facility. Haryana government has been running awareness camps in the villages on how to minimise the human-animal conflicts.

Gurugram Wildlife & Leopard Safari

Gurugram Wildlife Safari, world's largest wildlife safari outside Africa, is being jointly developed by the Haryana Govt and India's Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. It will be spread over 10,000 acre land, five times bigger than second largest 2,000 acres curated wildlife safari in Sharjah. Managed by the newly created Aravali Foundation, it will have 4 separate free-ranging zones for 4 big cats (leopards, tigers, lions, cheetas), bird park and aviary, serpentarium, a large area for herbivore wildlife, zone for exotic animals and birds not native to India, underwater world

oceanarium An oceanarium can be either a marine mammal park, such as Marineland of Canada, or a large-scale aquarium, such as the Lisbon Oceanarium, presenting an ocean habitat with marine animals, especially large ocean dwellers such as sharks. First ma ...

, several climate-zone specific (

equatorial Equatorial may refer to something related to: *Earth's equator **the tropics, the Earth's equatorial region **tropical climate *the Celestial equator ** equatorial orbit **equatorial coordinate system ** equatorial mount, of telescopes * equatorial ...

tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...

, sub-tropical Indian coastal forests, and desert gardens), botanical gardens,

biome A biome () is a biogeographical unit consisting of a biological community that has formed in response to the physical environment in which they are found and a shared regional climate. Biomes may span more than one continent. Biome is a broader ...

s, nature trails, wildlife tourism zones, and visitors facilities.

Central Zoo Authority The Central Zoo Authority (CZA) is the body of the government of India responsible for oversight of zoos. It is an affiliate member of the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA). The CZA was formed to bring Indian zoos up to internation ...

(CZA) has granted approval. Two international companies have been shortlisted after the global invitation for the EOI (expression of interest) for designing, building and operating the park.Haryana: World's largest safari park to be developed in Gurugram, Nuh
Times of India, 29 Sept 2022. It will be completed within five years by 2027. It will be similar in concept to the

Etawah Safari Park Etawah Safari Park (formerly Etawah Lion Safari) is a drive-through safari park in Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was opened to the public in November 2019. It includes multiple safaris, an Asiatic lion breeding centre and a visitor centre. H ...

,इटावा सफारी पार्क की तर्ज पर गुरुग्राम में बनेगी लैपर्ड सफारी, चुनाव से पहले शुरू होगा काम
Jagran, 12 August 2019. is being implemented in 1000 acre city forest near sector 76 at Sakatpur and Garat Pur Bas villages in Aravalli hills of Gurugram, in September 2019 panchayat had already approved the transfer of panchayat common land to the wildlife department.Haryana to develop Leopard and Deer Safari scheme in Aravalli Hills
Daily Pioneer, 14 August 2019.
Hindustan Times, 19 September 2019.Residents oppose ‘illegal’ land transfer for Gurugram forest
India Times, 11 December 2019. Government is also developing a new lake in 10 acres natural depression of Gairatpur Bas 10 km from Rajiv Chowk on the Delhi-Gurgaon expressway by piping treated sewage water from the Behrampur sewage treatment plant (STP) in Sector 72 through a 3.5 km pipeline as the nearby

Damdama Lake Damda reservoir in Sohna, near Gurugram city in Gurugram district in the Indian state of Haryana.Rajiv Tiwari"Delhi A Travel Guide" . Damdama Lake is a small lake in Haryana and was formed when a stone and earthen dam constructed by the British ...

dries up in summers and also needs rejuvenation.Govt plans 10-acre lake in foothills of Aravallis
Hindustan Times, 19 August 2019. Other leopard safaris in India are at

Sanjay Gandhi National Park Sanjay Gandhi National Park, also known as SGNP, is an protected area in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It was established in 1969 with its headquarters situated at Borivali. The 2400-year-old Kanheri caves, sculpted by monks out of the rocky basaltic ...

in Mumbai,Sanjay Gandhi Park to have leopard safaris
28 December 2015. ''"Bengal Safari Park"'' at

Siliguri Siliguri, ) is a major tier-II city in West Bengal. It forms twin cities, "Twin Cities" with the neighboring district capital of Jalpaiguri. The city spans areas of the Darjeeling district, Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts in the Indian sta ...

near

Gorumara National Park Gorumara National Park (Pron: ˌgɔ:rʊˈmɑ:rə; ''Gorumara Jatio Uddan'') is a National Park in northern West Bengal, India. Located in the Dooars region of the Himalayan foothills, it is a medium-sized park with grasslands and forests. Goruma ...

,Rare white tiger among three cubs born
Times of India, 20 May 2018. and in Gujarat at

Surat district Surat is a district in the state of Gujarat, India with Surat city as the administrative headquarters of this district. It is surrounded by Bharuch, Narmada (North), Navsari (South) districts and east Tapi district To the west is the Gulf of C ...

at Khodamba village of

Mandvi Mandvi is a Beach town with municipality in the Kutch district in the Indian state of Gujarat. It was once a major port of the region and summer retreat for Maharao (king) of the Cutch State. The old city was enclosed in the fort wall and remai ...

taluka with 35 leopards in 50 hectare as well as Dangs district at

Waghai Waghai is a town in the Dang District of the southern part of Gujarat state in India. And also Taluka of dang district. Waghai is about 32 km west of the district headquarters of Ahwa, and about 52 km north-west of the hill station ...

Taluka with 54 leopards in 35 hectares.Surat & Dangs Tourism push: Leopard safari parks, rescue centres in the offing
6 February 2019.

Conservation efforts

Legal and institutional

Legal framework - Natural Conservation Zones (NCZs)

In 2019, Haryana government passed the amendment to the

Punjab Land Alienation Act, 1900 The Punjab Land Alienation Act of 1900 was a piece of legislation introduced by the British Raj with the aim of limiting the transfer of land ownership in Punjab Province. It created an "agricultural tribes" category, the membership of which was ...

(PLPA), which had obtained ascent from the governor but has not yet been notified by the Haryana government, whence it is in limbo and has not officially become a law. This amendment remove the legal protection for the large forest areas which act as green lungs and buffer zone against pollution, thus further degrading Haryana's ecology, biodiversity, air quality, water table recharge rate. Haryana government submitted a proposal to " NCR Planning Board" (NCRPB) to reduce Haryana's Natural Conservation Zones (NCZs) by removing 60,000 acres of Aravalli land. After this Haryana's NCZ will decrease by 47% from 122,113.30 hectares to only 64,384.66 hectares. These forest lands proposed to be removed from the NCZ are mostly part of village common land, and after the legal NCZ status is removed these will become available for real estate construction and commercial sale. This is in violation of multiple guidelines of the

Supreme Court of India The Supreme Court of India ( IAST: ) is the supreme judicial authority of India and is the highest court of the Republic of India under the constitution. It is the most senior constitutional court, has the final decision in all legal matters ...

which defines the forest by its natural definition. This also violates the NCRPB goal of limiting construction activities to mere 0.5% area of NCZ. NCRPB notification also clearly states that this original 122,113.30 hectares ecologically sensitive forest of

is a forest, ''"The major natural features, identified as environmentally sensitive areas, are the extension of Aravalli ridge in Rajasthan, Haryana and NCT-Delhi; forest areas; rivers and tributaries... major lakes and water bodies such as

Badkhal lake Badkhal Lake was a natural lake situated in Badkhal village near Faridabad, in the Indian state of Haryana, about 32 kilometers from the national capital of Delhi. Fringed by the hills of the Aravalli Range, this was a man-made embankment. Owin ...

, Suraj Kund and

Damdama Damdama ( fa, دامداما, also Romanized as Dāmdāmā) is a village in Hajjilar-e Shomali Rural District, Hajjilar District, Chaypareh County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, a ...

in Haryana sub-region"''.Law changes bring Aravalli conservation to the fore
Hindustan Times, 22 December 2019.

Biodiversity Board

Haryana Biodiversity Board was established by the government in 2018 to protect and preserve the biodiversity of forests, flora and fauna in the state, specially in the biodiversity hotspots of Shivalik and Aravali hills that are under threat. Forests areas of the state were digitised with the help of

Haryana Space Applications Centre, Hisar Haryana Space Applications Centre, Hisar (HARSAC), a collaborator of ISRO, is a nodal agency for Remote Sensing and GIS applications of the Government of Haryana. It is located next to Centre for Plant Biotechnology (PCB) within the CCS Haryan ...

and

ISRO The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO; ) is the national space agency of India, headquartered in Bengaluru. It operates under the Department of Space (DOS) which is directly overseen by the Prime Minister of India, while the Chairman ...

. Assets and plants monitoring system for managing forests, nurseries, trees, etc. had been made online. To protect the environment 2,200 community self-help groups and 2,487 village biodiversity groups were formed and 25,000 women were trained in 2018. MoU were signed with

NHAI The National Highways Authority of India or NHAI (Hindi: भारतीय राष्ट्रीय राजमार्ग प्राधिकरण) is an autonomous agency of the Government of India, set up in 1995 (Act 1988) and i ...

and

Indian Railways Indian Railways (IR) is a statutory body under the ownership of Ministry of Railways, Government of India that operates India's national railway system. It manages the fourth largest national railway system in the world by size, with a tot ...

to plant trees along national highways and rail lines, and a policy has been formed to establish city forests. A 50,000 hectare self-help community herbal forest is being established in SHivalik hills with the guidance of Baba Ramdev's

Patanjali Yogpeeth Patanjali Yogpeeth is a yoga institute located in Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India. Founded in 2006 and named after the Rishi Patanjali, the purpose of the institute is to practice, research, and develop yoga and ayurveda. The institute is the fla ...

. Trap cameras were set up in

and 23 leopards were found. Endangered

eagle Eagle is the common name for many large birds of prey of the family Accipitridae. Eagles belong to several groups of genera, some of which are closely related. Most of the 68 species of eagle are from Eurasia and Africa. Outside this area, just ...

s were released in wild from the

Jatayu Conservation Breeding Centre, Pinjore The Jatayu and Sparrow Conservation Breeding Centre (JCBC), (Hindi: जटायु संरक्षण एवं प्रजनन केँद्र) is the world's largest facility for the breeding and conservation of Indian vultures (ग� ...

after successful breeding. Pipli and

Rohtak Rohtak () is a city and the administrative headquarters of the Rohtak district in the Indian state of Haryana. It lies north-west of New Delhi and south of the state capital Chandigarh on NH 9(old NH 10). Rohtak forms a part of the National ...

zoos were being modernised.Kirishi Samvad
, October 2018.

Water conservation entities

Haryana government has established the following: * Haryana Pond and Waste Water Management Authority (HPWMA), also called the Haryana Pond Authority (HPA) * Haryana Waste Resource Authority (HWRA))

Issue based initiatives

Green corridors

A 1,600 km long and 5 km wide The Great Green Wall of Aravalli green ecological corridor along Aravalli range from Gujarat to Delhi which will also connect to Shivalik hill range is being considered with planting of 1.35 billion (135 crore) new native trees over 10 years to combat the pollution, 51% of which is caused by the industrial pollution, 27% by vehicles, 8% by crop burning and 5% by Diwali fireworks.Want govt to build 1600 km green wall along Aravalli
Indian Express, 24 December 2019. There are no

s in Haryana, NCR or Delhi-Sariska Wildlife corridor, and there is a need for additional crossings, such as those needed at Delhi Mumbai Expressway.

Urban wildlife corridor in NCR

''NCR Wildlife Corridor'', also called ''Delhi Wildlife Corridor, will be jointly developed by Haryana and Delhi governments as India's first urban wildlife corridor by building underpasses to ensure safe passage for wild animals, especially leopards, who frequent the roads in the forested and hilly areas in Delhi, Gurgram, Faridabad and Nuh. Leopards are seen as far as Sultanpur metro depot, and Delhi government has deployed drones and installed wildlife cameras to track the leopards in that area, once trapped they are released in the Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary.Delhi Wildlife Corridor becomes the first of urban India
Utkal Today, 1 July 2021. As of June 2021, it was in the planning phase.

Wetlands conservation and ground water recharge

In 2021, as per

NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research. NASA was established in 1958, succeeding t ...

the rate of groundwater depletion in India is 1 metre per year whereas in Haryana it is 3 metres per year. In 2021, as per Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) data the

water table The water table is the upper surface of the zone of saturation. The zone of saturation is where the pores and fractures of the ground are saturated with water. It can also be simply explained as the depth below which the ground is saturated. T ...

in Haryana's 85

Community Development Block In India, a Community development block (CD block) or simply Block is a sub-division of Tehsil, administratively earmarked for planning and development. The area is administered by a Block Development Officer (BDO), supported by several technic ...

(CD Blocks) out of a total of 141 blocks was categorised in red category. In 2004, only 55 blocks were in red category, thus red zone blocks have increased by 30% in the last 17 years. 14 out of 22 districts of Haryana are in red zone. Haryana annually extracts 137% of its

groundwater Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in rock and soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations. About 30 percent of all readily available freshwater in the world is groundwater. A unit of rock or an unconsolidate ...

compared to its annual

groundwater recharge Groundwater recharge or deep drainage or deep percolation is a hydrologic process, where water moves downward from surface water to groundwater. Recharge is the primary method through which water enters an aquifer. This process usually occurs in ...

, whereas national average is only 63%. Main culprit it water intensive paddy crop, consequently Haryana government was aiming to reduce the area under paddy cultivation by 200,000 (2 lakh) in year 2021 alone through providing financial incentives, aggressive regulation, monitoring and people's participatory. India is the world's largest groundwater user by volume. Haryana's annual groundwater recharge from rain and canals is 10.15 billion cubic metres (bcm), 9.13 bcm is extractable (one cubic metre has 1,000 litres), annual groundwater extraction in 2021 was 12.50 bcm including 11.53 bcm for agricultural irrigation and 0.63 bcm for domestic and 0.34 bcm for industrial use. More groundwater is withdrawn in over half of Haryana than recharged each year, thus causing rapid continuous depletion of groundwater table. Haryana has initiated regular water audit and 1,700

piezometers A piezometer is either a device used to measure liquid pressure in a system by measuring the height to which a column of the liquid rises against gravity, or a device which measures the pressure (more precisely, the piezometric head) of groundwa ...

were installed in critical red blocks for real-time monitoring of the groundwater table.Groundwater depletion in Haryana a cause of serious concern

mongabay Mongabay (mongabay.com) is a conservation news web portal that reports on environmental science, energy, and green design, and features extensive information on tropical rainforests, including pictures and deforestation statistics for countries ...

, 19 July 2021. As of 2021, Haryana has initiated union government and

World Bank The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects. The World Bank is the collective name for the Interna ...

funded INR Rs 678 crore "Atal Bhujal Yojana" which aims to reduce groundwater depletion by 50% by 2025, this project will run in 1669 gram panchayats of 36 blocks in 14 districts. ''"The major objective of this scheme is to create hydrogeological data network of groundwater resources in Haryana and encourage creation of community institutions for the management of groundwater resources in the state."''Haryana govt aims to reduce speed of groundwater depletion by 50% in four years
Indian Express, 18 July 2021. On 1 November 2017, Chief Minister of Haryana

Manohar Lal Khattar Manohar Lal Khattar (born 05 May 1954) is an Indian politician serving as the 10th and current chief minister of Haryana. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and a former RSS pracharak. He represents Karnal constituency in Haryana ...

announced that

will form the Haryana Pond and Waste Water Management Authority (also called the ''Haryana Pond Authority'' (HPA), see also Haryana Waste Resource Authority (HWRA)) to rejuvenate and manage 14,000 ponds (colloquially called ''"johad"'') in Haryana by digging the silt out every year. This includes development of 50 to 60 lakes in

National Capital Region A capital region, also called a capital district or capital territory, is a region or district surrounding a capital city. It is not always the official term for the region, but may sometimes be used as an informal synonym. Capital regions can exis ...

falling within the Haryana state."Haryana to develop 50-60 small lakes, water bodies in NCR: Manohar Lal Khattar"

Indian Express ''The Indian Express'' is an English-language Indian daily newspaper founded in 1932. It is published in Mumbai by the Indian Express Group. In 1999, eight years after the group's founder Ramnath Goenka's death in 1991, the group was split betw ...

, 1 November 2017."Haryana to constitute pond management authority "

Business Standard ''Business Standard'' is an Indian English-language daily edition newspaper published by Business Standard Private Limited, also available in Hindi. Founded in 1975, the newspaper covers the Indian economy, infrastructure, international busine ...

, 1 November 2017. 2019 Atal Bhujal Yojana (Atal groundwater scheme), a 5 years (2020-21 to 2024-25) scheme costing INR 6 billion (US$85 million) for managing demand side with village panchayat level water security plans entailing johad rejuvenation (wetland) and

, was approved for implementation in 8,350 water-stressed villages across 7 states, including

Rajasthan Rajasthan (; lit. 'Land of Kings') is a state in northern India. It covers or 10.4 per cent of India's total geographical area. It is the largest Indian state by area and the seventh largest by population. It is on India's northwestern si ...

Gujarat Gujarat (, ) is a state along the western coast of India. Its coastline of about is the longest in the country, most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula. Gujarat is the fifth-largest Indian state by area, covering some ; and the ninth ...

Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh (, ; meaning 'central province') is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal, and the largest city is Indore, with Jabalpur, Ujjain, Gwalior, Sagar, and Rewa being the other major cities. Madhya Pradesh is the seco ...

, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, and Maharashtra.Centre approves Rs 6,000 crore scheme to manage groundwater
Times of India, 24 December 2019.

Environmental pollution of rivers

In July 2021, during the multi-department Haryana "River Rejuvenation Committee" (RRC) meeting the ''Haryana State

Pollution Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the form of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or energy (such as radioactivity, heat, sound, or light). Pollutants, the ...

Control Board'' (HSPCB) informed that it has formed district-level committees to stop illegal discharge into Yamuna and Ghaggar rivers. Action taken and status was reported as follows:Districtlevel teams to check illegal sewage discharge in Haryana
Hindustan Times, 20o July 2021. *

catchment ** Sewerage discharge: Of 155 locations identified with 100.5 millions of litres daily (MLD) sewage discharge, 90 locations with 48.15 MLD discharge have been diverted, 47 locations were in work-in-progress (WIP), and for remaining 18 locations work was yet to commence. The WIP sewerage laying were Yamunanagar, Palwal, Rohtak, Faridabad, Karnal and Bahadurgarh. ** Industrial discharge: Of 126 locations identified, work was pending for 34. Most of industrial water pollution is from Panipat. *

catchment ** Sewerage discharge: Of 56 locations identified with 42.25 MLD sewage discharge, only 28 locations with 21.08 MLD discharge have been diverted, 13 locations were in work-in-progress (WIP), and for remaining 14 locations work was yet to commence. The WIP sewerage laying were Ambala, Kaithal, Jakhal Mandi, and Hisar. ** Industrial discharge: Of 255 locations identified, work was pending for 69.

References

External links

Haryana Forest Department
{{Districts of Haryana Government departments of Haryana Forestry in India Environment of Haryana