Forestry in Romania is an important sector of the economy and is of global significance. Half of all forestry production in Romania is the result of

illegal logging Illegal logging is the harvest, transportation, purchase or sale of timber in violation of laws. The harvesting procedure itself may be illegal, including using corrupt means to gain access to forests; extraction without permission, or from a pro ...

Overview

Half of the commercial forests in Romania are controlled by the state owned

Romsilva Regia Naţională a Pădurilor Romsilva or simply Romsilva is a Romanian state-owned enterprise responsible for dealing with protection, preservation and development of publicly owned forests of the Romanian state, and the management of hunting ...

. Romania is home to the last extensive unlogged old growth forests in Europe however these virgin woods are increasingly threatened by both legal and illegal logging.

History

During the communist era private forest holdings were

nationalized Nationalization (nationalisation in British English) is the process of transforming privately-owned assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state. Nationalization usually refers to pri ...

. In 1989 after the fall of communism private landowners who had lost their land to privatization were allowed to apply for the restitution of their property. Unfortunately this process was incredibly corrupt and a lot of public lands got misallocated with land being given not to those who had lost it during nationalization but those with political and economic connections. From 2004 to 2015

Harvard University Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher le ...

acquired 33,600 hectares (83,000 acres) of Romanian forest land. In 2015 they abruptly sold their entire holding to a subsidiary of

Ikea IKEA (; ) is a Dutch multinational conglomerate based in the Netherlands that designs and sells , kitchen appliances, decoration, home accessories, and various other goods and home services. Started in 1943 by Ingvar Kamprad, IKEA has been t ...

. These holdings have since faced significant legal challenge as many were acquired corruptly during the restitution process.

Timber mafia

The forest industry in Romania is dominated by a “timber mafia” or a “forest mafia.” Half of all Romanian timber is illegally harvested. Those who cross the timber mafia or attempt to enforce Romania's forest laws are targeted for retribution. Illegal logging is believed to have cost Romania more than $5.7 billion since the transition away from Communism. In 2019 two forest rangers were killed in the line of duty, one was killed with his own gun and one was killed with an axe. Both were found near illegal logging encampments they had been investigating. The European Union has repeatedly pressured the Romanian government to solve the illegal logging problem however there is little that local politicians are willing to do.

References

{{forestry by country Logging Corruption in Romania Forestry in Romania Natural resources in Europe