Forest produce is defined under section 2(4) of the

Indian Forest Act, 1927 The Indian Forest Act, 1927 was largely based on previous Indian Forest Acts implemented under the British. The most famous one was the Indian Forest Act of 1878. Both the 1878 act and the 1927 act sought to consolidate and reserve the area ...

. Its legal definition includes timber, charcoal,

caoutchouc Rubber, also called India rubber, latex, Amazonian rubber, ''caucho'', or ''caoutchouc'', as initially produced, consists of polymers of the organic compound isoprene, with minor impurities of other organic compounds. Thailand, Malaysia, and ...

, catechu, wood-oil,

resin In polymer chemistry and materials science, resin is a solid or highly viscous substance of plant or synthetic origin that is typically convertible into polymers. Resins are usually mixtures of organic compounds. This article focuses on natu ...

, natural varnish, bark, lac,

myrobalans The common name myrobalan can refer to several unrelated fruit-bearing plant species: * Myrobalan plum (''Prunus cerasifera''), also called cherry plum and myrobalan plum * Emblic myrobalan (''Phyllanthus emblica''), also called Amla and Amalaki ...

mahua Mahua Acharya Mahua or Mahuaa may refer to: Botany * ''Madhuca longifolia'' or mahua, a tree in the family Sapotaceae * ''Mahua'' (moss), a genus of mosses in family Hypnaceae Culture and entertainment * Mahua (snack), a Chinese fried dough twis ...

flowers (whether found inside or brought from a forest or not), trees and leaves, flowers and fruit, plants (including grass, creepers, reeds and moss), wild animals, skins, tusks, horns, bones, cocoons, silk, honey, wax, other parts or produce of animals, and also includes peat, surface soil,

rocks In geology, rock (or stone) is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. It is categorized by the minerals included, its chemical composition, and the way in which it is formed. Rocks form the Earth's ...

and

minerals In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid chemical compound with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.John P. Rafferty, ed. (2 ...

etc. when found inside or brought from a forest, among other things. Mahua

Forest produce can be divided into several categories. From the point of view of usage, forest produce can be categorized into three types: Timber, Non Timber and Minor Minerals.

Non-timber forest product Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are useful foods, substances, materials and/or commodities obtained from forests other than timber. Harvest ranges from wild collection to farming. They typically include game animals, fur-bearers, nuts, seed ...

s TFPsare known also as ''minor forest produce'' (MFP) or ''non-wood forest produce'' (NWFP). The NTFP can be further categorized into medicinal and aromatic plants (MAP), oil seeds, fiber and floss, resins, edible plants, bamboo, reeds and grasses.

Wood products

Timber

The

Odisha Forest Development Corporation Odisha (English: , ), formerly Orissa ( the official name until 2011), is an Indian state located in Eastern India. It is the 8th largest state by area, and the 11th largest by population. The state has the third largest population of S ...

(OFDC) trades timber in round and sawn forms, in different

dimensions In physics and mathematics, the dimension of a mathematical space (or object) is informally defined as the minimum number of coordinates needed to specify any point within it. Thus, a line has a dimension of one (1D) because only one coordina ...

, from several depots. Round timbers are sold monthly from each depot, through general auction.

Sandalwood

The

sandalwood Sandalwood is a class of woods from trees in the genus ''Santalum''. The woods are heavy, yellow, and fine-grained, and, unlike many other aromatic woods, they retain their fragrance for decades. Sandalwood oil is extracted from the woods for us ...

tree is found in southern Indian forests, i.e. in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, etc.

Plywood

The plywood industry at Kuikeda near Saintala of

Bolangir district Balangir District, also called Bolangir District, is a district situated in western Odisha state of India. The district has an area of , and a population of 1,648,997 (2011 census). The town of Balangir is the district headquarters. The compositi ...

Odisha Odisha (English: , ), formerly Orissa ( the official name until 2011), is an Indian state located in Eastern India. It is the 8th largest state by area, and the 11th largest by population. The state has the third largest population of ...

, was incorporated during 1983, and started commercial production during the year, 1986-87; it operated until 1992-93.

Non-wood forest product

Non-timber forest product (NTFP) refers to all biological materials other than timber extracted from natural forests for human and animal use.

Kendu leaves

Orissa is the third largest producer of Kendu leaf in India. The uniqueness of kendu leaf in Orissa is because of its specification of Color, Texture, Size and Body condition of the leaf. Diospyros melanoxylon Tendu

Bamboo

The collection and marketing of

Bamboo Bamboos are a diverse group of evergreen perennial flowering plants making up the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae. Giant bamboos are the largest members of the grass family. The origin of the word "bamboo" is uncertain, bu ...

from the natural forest is done either by OFDC or through the RMP (Raw Material Procurer) as per the decision of the Government to regulate the collection and trade of Bamboo.

Sal seed

Sal seed is a nationalized product since 1973 and is one of the important Produce obtained from Sal (''

Shorea robursta file:Dipterocarp Winged Seed (Shorea sp.) (15866621516).jpg, Fruit of a ''Shorea'' species ''Shorea'' is a genus of about 196 species of mainly rainforest trees in the Family (biology), family Dipterocarpaceae. The genus is named after Sir John S ...

'') tree, which is predominantly available in Orissa.

Honey

OFDC is involved in collection, processing and trading of

honey Honey is a sweet and viscous substance made by several bees, the best-known of which are honey bees. Honey is made and stored to nourish bee colonies. Bees produce honey by gathering and then refining the sugary secretions of plants (primar ...

from natural forest with an assurance of pure and genuine in quality.

Medicinal plants

With the financial aid of National Medicinal Plants Board, Government of India, 16 projects for promotional activities are currently running in Orissa. Medicinal Plant Cleistanthus collinus

Rubber

OFDC is having

rubber Rubber, also called India rubber, latex, Amazonian rubber, ''caucho'', or ''caoutchouc'', as initially produced, consists of polymers of the organic compound isoprene, with minor impurities of other organic compounds. Thailand, Malaysia, and ...

plantation and processing unit in Baripada and Bhubaneswar zone, since 2003. OFDC is extracting the rubber from the matured trees and marketing it.

Pickle and squash

OFDC is manufacturing and marketing high quality, delicious pickles such as Mango Pickle, Mixed Pickle – free from preservatives.

Cashew and spice

OFDC Ltd. have raised

cashew The cashew tree (''Anacardium occidentale'') is a tropical evergreen tree native to South America in the genus ''Anacardium'' that produces the cashew seed and the cashew apple accessory fruit. The tree can grow as tall as , but the dwarf cult ...

plantation over an area of 18704.99 ha. from 1978-79 to 1992-93 in Bhubaneswar and Berhampur Division. Out of which pure cashew plantation over an area of 11,053.99 ha.

Minerals

Biodiesel plant

Biodiesel Biodiesel is a form of diesel fuel derived from plants or animals and consisting of long-chain fatty acid esters. It is typically made by chemically reacting lipids such as animal fat (tallow), soybean oil, or some other vegetable oil with ...

is the name of a clean burning alternative fuel, produced from domestic, renewable resources. Biodiesel contains no petroleum, but it can be blended at any level with petroleum diesel to create a biodiesel blend.

References

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India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

Forestry in India Indian forest law Non-timber forest products