The Ford EEC or Electronic Engine Control is a series of
ECU (or Engine Control Unit) that was designed and built by
Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company (commonly known as Ford) is an American multinational automobile manufacturer headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, United States. It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. The company sells automobi ...
. The first system, EEC I, used processors and components developed by
Toshiba
, commonly known as Toshiba and stylized as TOSHIBA, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Its diversified products and services include power, industrial and social infrastructure systems, ...
in 1973. It began production in 1974, and went into mass production in 1975. It subsequently went through several model iterations.
EEC I and II
The EEC I and EEC II modules used a common processor and memory so they can be described together. The
microprocessor
A microprocessor is a computer processor where the data processing logic and control is included on a single integrated circuit, or a small number of integrated circuits. The microprocessor contains the arithmetic, logic, and control circ ...
was a
12-bit
Possibly the best-known 12-bit CPU is the PDP-8 and its relatives, such as the Intersil 6100 microprocessor produced in various forms from August 1963 to mid-1990. Many analog to digital converters (ADCs) have a 12-bit resolution. Some PIC mic ...
central processing unit
A central processing unit (CPU), also called a central processor, main processor or just Processor (computing), processor, is the electronic circuitry that executes Instruction (computing), instructions comprising a computer program. The CPU per ...
manufactured by
Toshiba
, commonly known as Toshiba and stylized as TOSHIBA, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Its diversified products and services include power, industrial and social infrastructure systems, ...
, the
TLCS-12, which began development in 1971 and was completed in 1973. It was a 32mm² chip with about 2,800
silicon gate
In semiconductor electronics fabrication technology, a self-aligned gate is a transistor manufacturing approach whereby the gate electrode of a MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor) is used as a mask for the doping of th ...
s, manufactured on a
6 µm process
The 6 µm process is the level of semiconductor process technology that was reached around 1974 by the leading semiconductor companies such as Intel.
Products featuring 6 µm manufacturing process
* Intel 8080 CPU launched in 1974 was man ...
. The system's
semiconductor memory included
512-bit
There are currently no mainstream general-purpose CPU, processors built to operate on 512-bit integers or addresses, though a number of processors do operate on 512-bit data.
Representation
A 512-bit register can store 2512 different values. The ...
RAM
Ram, ram, or RAM may refer to:
Animals
* A male sheep
* Ram cichlid, a freshwater tropical fish
People
* Ram (given name)
* Ram (surname)
* Ram (director) (Ramsubramaniam), an Indian Tamil film director
* RAM (musician) (born 1974), Dutch
* ...
, 2
kb ROM
Rom, or ROM may refer to:
Biomechanics and medicine
* Risk of mortality, a medical classification to estimate the likelihood of death for a patient
* Rupture of membranes, a term used during pregnancy to describe a rupture of the amniotic sac
* ...
and 2kb
EPROM
An EPROM (rarely EROM), or erasable programmable read-only memory, is a type of programmable read-only memory (PROM) chip that retains its data when its power supply is switched off. Computer memory that can retrieve stored data after a power s ...
. The system began production in 1974, and went into mass production in 1975.
EEC-III
This system was used on certain 1981-83 vehicles. There were two different EEC-III modules; one for use with a feedback carburetor, and one for use with Ford's "Central" throttle-body
fuel injection system. The module size and shape were approximately the same as the EEC-II and still utilized the external memory module. The two modules had differently keyed connectors to prevent accidental insertion in the wrong vehicle.
EEC-III uses a
Duraspark The Duraspark II is a Ford electronic ignition system.
Ford Motor Company began using electronic ignitions in 1973 with the Duraspark electronic ignition system and introduced the Duraspark II system in 1976. The biggest change, apart from the con ...
III module (brown grommet where wires emerge) and a Duraspark II ignition coil. A resistance wire is used in the primary circuit. The distributors in EEC-III (and later) systems eliminate conventional mechanical and vacuum advance mechanisms. All timing is controlled by the engine computer, which is capable of firing the spark plug at any point within a 50-degree range depending on calibration. This increased spark capability requires greater separation of adjacent distributor cap electrodes to prevent cross-fire, resulting in a large-diameter distributor cap.
EEC-III on carbureted cars controlled the same Ford 7200 VV carburetor as the EEC-II. On fuel-injected cars, the module fired two high pressure (approximately 40 psi) fuel injectors that were mounted in a throttle body attached to a traditional intake manifold in the center valley of the 5.0 liter (302 cid) engine.
The processor was designed and manufactured by
Motorola
Motorola, Inc. () was an American multinational telecommunications company based in Schaumburg, Illinois, United States. After having lost $4.3 billion from 2007 to 2009, the company split into two independent public companies, Motorol ...
. It featured an 8-bit data length, a 10-bit instruction length and a 13-bit address length. The address space was "paged", meaning you could not directly address all of the address space without special instructions. There were 4 pages. Page 0 was for normal (background) code. Page 1 was for interrupt code. Page 2 was also for background, but could only be accessed by a special "Jump Page" instruction from page 0. Page 3 was used to store parametric ("calibration") data or additional interrupt level code. This chip was never sold commercially. Like EEC-I and -II, all code was written in assembly language.
The processor chips were manufactured by Motorola, and the modules were designed and assembled by Motorola, Toshiba, or Ford. The designs were functionally equivalent but slightly different components were used. Motorola optimized their design to use as many of their own components as possible.
EEC-IV
These EEC-IV were used on the Ford/Cosworth 1.5L turbo Formula 1 engine in 1985.
EEC-V
Additional performance needs drove Ford Electronics to develop an enhanced microprocessor named the 8065 building on EEC-IV technology. Memory was expanded from 64K to 1 megabyte, speed tripled, and I/O more than doubled. Additional interrupts and improved time controlled I/O allowed continued use of EEC-IV code and extended the family lifetime to almost 20 years in production.
EEC-V DPC
European Ford Diesel Duratorq engines (all TDDi and TDCi starting with model year 2000) used EEC-V DPC-xxx series, which used variant of Intel i196 microcontroller with 28F200 flash memory. The EEC-V DPC ECUs were later replaced by Delphi, Bosch EDC16, Siemens SID80x/SID20x, or Visteon DCU ECUs.
Visteon Levanta
Visteon
Visteon Corporation (VC) is an American global automotive electronics supplier and Fortune 500 company spun off from the Ford Motor Company in 2000. Visteon is composed of multiple businesses that design, engineer, and manufacture vehicle cockpit ...
Levanta 'Black Oak' PCM is the first ECU that used Freescale PowerPC architecture. The ECU was used in Ford Mondeo, Galaxy, Focus and Ka - 1.8/2.0/2.5/3.0 Duratec HE/I4 engine.
EEC-150
EEC-150 for 3.0/4.0 V6/4.6 SOHC engines uses PowerPC, however compared to Visteon Levanta the ECU is closer to EEC-VI by design.
EEC-VI
EEC-VI is a
PowerPC microcontroller used by
Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company (commonly known as Ford) is an American multinational automobile manufacturer headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, United States. It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. The company sells automobi ...
up to 2013 models. Wide ranges of ECU variants exist. EEC-VI use ISO15765 or ISO14229 (UDS) over ISO15765 protocol for diagnostics.
EEC-VII and beyond
EEC-VII Is the latest system with a
PowerPC microcontroller used by
Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company (commonly known as Ford) is an American multinational automobile manufacturer headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, United States. It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. The company sells automobi ...
, utilizing mostly the
CAN bus
A Controller Area Network (CAN bus) is a robust vehicle bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other's applications without a host computer. It is a message-based protocol, designed originally for mu ...
and Ford's proprietary MS-CAN architecture. Other variations currently exist, but no additional information about them is available at this time.
References
{{Reflist
Ford Motor Company
Assembly language software
Engine technology
Automotive technology tradenames