Forcing may refer to:

Mathematics and science

Forcing (mathematics) In the mathematical discipline of set theory, forcing is a technique for proving consistency and independence results. It was first used by Paul Cohen in 1963, to prove the independence of the axiom of choice and the continuum hypothesis from Ze ...

, a technique for obtaining independence proofs for set theory * Forcing (recursion theory), a modification of Paul Cohen's original set theoretic technique of forcing to deal with the effective concerns in recursion theory *Forcing, driving a harmonic oscillator at a particular frequency *

Cloud forcing In meteorology, cloud forcing, cloud radiative forcing (CRF) or cloud radiative effect (CRE) is the difference between the radiation budget components for average cloud conditions and cloud-free conditions. Much of the interest in cloud forcing r ...

, the difference between the radiation budget components for average cloud conditions and cloud-free conditions * Forcing bulbs, the inducement of plants to flower earlier than their natural season *

Radiative forcing Radiative forcing (or climate forcing) is the change in energy flux in the atmosphere caused by natural or anthropogenic factors of climate change as measured by watts / metre2. It is a scientific concept used to quantify and compare the extern ...

, the difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy in a given climate system

Arts, entertainment, and media

Forcing (magic) In stage magic, a force is a method of controlling a choice made by a spectator during a trick. Some forces are performed physically using sleight of hand, such as a trick where a spectator appears to select a random card from a deck but is inste ...

, a technique by which a magician forces one outcome from a card draw * Forcing, several distinct concepts within the game of

contract bridge Contract bridge, or simply bridge, is a trick-taking card game using a standard 52-card deck. In its basic format, it is played by four players in two competing partnerships, with partners sitting opposite each other around a table. Millions ...

: **

Forcing bid In the card game contract bridge, a forcing bid is any that obliges the partner to bid over an intermediate opposing pass. Owing to the partnership's bidding system or a bridge convention, partner must "keep the bidding open", i.e. not pass, there ...

** Forcing defense ** Forcing notrump ** Forcing pass ** Forcing take-out, an obsolete name for a strong jump shift; see Glossary of contract bridge terms#forcingtakeout ** Fourth suit forcing

Mathematics and science

Arts, entertainment, and media

See also