Forcing may refer to:
Mathematics and science
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Forcing (mathematics), a technique for obtaining independence proofs for set theory
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Forcing (recursion theory)
Forcing in computability theory is a modification of Paul Cohen's original set-theoretic technique of forcing to deal with computability concerns.
Conceptually the two techniques are quite similar: in both one attempts to build generic objects ...
, a modification of Paul Cohen's original set theoretic technique of forcing to deal with the effective concerns in recursion theory
*Forcing, driving a
harmonic oscillator
In classical mechanics, a harmonic oscillator is a system that, when displaced from its Mechanical equilibrium, equilibrium position, experiences a restoring force ''F'' Proportionality (mathematics), proportional to the displacement ''x'':
\v ...
at a particular frequency
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Cloud forcing, the difference between the radiation budget components for average cloud conditions and cloud-free conditions
* Forcing
bulbs
In botany, a bulb is structurally a short stem with fleshy leaves or leaf basesBell, A.D. 1997. ''Plant form: an illustrated guide to flowering plant morphology''. Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K. that function as food storage organs durin ...
, the inducement of plants to flower earlier than their natural season
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Radiative forcing
Radiative forcing (or climate forcing) is the change in energy flux in the atmosphere caused by natural or anthropogenic factors of climate change as measured by watts / metre2. It is a scientific concept used to quantify and compare the external ...
, the difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy in a given climate system
Arts, entertainment, and media
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Forcing (magic)
In stage magic, a force is a method of controlling a choice made by a spectator during a trick. Some forces are performed physically using sleight of hand, such as a trick where a spectator appears to select a random card from a deck but is inste ...
, a technique by which a magician forces one outcome from a card draw
* Forcing, several distinct concepts within the game of
contract bridge
Contract bridge, or simply bridge, is a trick-taking card game using a standard 52-card deck. In its basic format, it is played by four players in two competing partnerships, with partners sitting opposite each other around a table. Millions o ...
:
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Forcing bid
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Forcing defense A forcing defense in contract bridge aims to force declarer to repeatedly ruff the defenders' leads. If this can be done often enough, declarer eventually runs out of trumps and may lose control of the hand. A forcing defense is therefore applicable ...
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Forcing notrump
The forcing notrump is a bidding convention in the card game of bridge.
In Standard American bidding, the response of 1NT to an opening bid of 1 or 1 shows 6 to 9 high card points (HCP) and is ''non-forcing''. Opener, with a balanced minimum, ma ...
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Forcing pass
In the card game bridge, a forcing pass is an agreement or understanding that a pass call obliges the partner to bid, double, or redouble over an intermediate opposing pass, i.e. partner must "keep the bidding open".
: ... – (act) – Pa ...
** Forcing take-out, an obsolete name for a strong jump shift; see
Glossary of contract bridge terms#forcingtakeout
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Fourth suit forcing
Fourth suit forcing (also referred to as fourth suit artificial; abbreviated as FSF or 4SF) is a contract bridge convention that allows responder to create, at his second turn to bid, a forcing auction. A bid by responder in the fourth suit, the ...
See also
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Force (disambiguation)
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