The floyara ( uk, Флояра) (Floyarka) is a more perfected form of the

sopilka Sopilka (, uk, Cопiлка) is a name applied to a variety of woodwind instruments of the flute family used by Ukrainian folk instrumentalists. ''Sopilka'' most commonly refers to a fife made of a variety of materials (but traditionally out ...

. It is characterized as an open ended

notched flute The end-blown flute (also called an edge-blown flute or rim-blown flute) is a woodwind instrument played by directing an airstream against the sharp edge of the upper end of a tube. Unlike a recorder or tin whistle, there is not a ducted flue ...

. The floyara is a pipe of approximately a metre in length. One end is sharpened and the breath is broken against one of the sides of the tube at the playing end. Six holes in groups of three are burnt out in the centre of the instrument. It was often played at funerals in the

Carpathian mountains The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians () are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe. Roughly long, it is the third-longest European mountain range after the Urals at and the Scandinavian Mountains at . The range stretches ...

. The floyarka is a smaller version of the floyara and is similar to the sopilka and

frilka The frilka ( uk, Фрілка) is a more perfected form of the sopilka, a traditional Ukrainian flute. The frilka is a smaller version of the floyarka. The frilka is characterized as an open-ended notched flute. It is a pipe of approximately ...

. The floyara is approximately 60 cm (24 in) long. The mouthpiece is sharpened into a cone-like edge and the instrument produces a sound similar to that of the

flute The flute is a family of classical music instrument in the woodwind group. Like all woodwinds, flutes are aerophones, meaning they make sound by vibrating a column of air. However, unlike woodwind instruments with reeds, a flute is a reedless ...

. Shepherds were also able to accompany themselves with glutteral humming which produced an ostinato tone or drone. The floyarka is often called a

or sometimes

zubivka The zubivka ( uk, Зубівка, hu, Beregfogaras) also known as a (Skosivka, Skisna Dudka, or Frukanka). The zubivka is considered one of the oldest folk wind instruments in Ukraine and is found primarily in the Carpathian region. It was fir ...

in central

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...

. The name is rather a contaminant from a Greek-Romanian filiation (more spread is the Slavic

Sources

*Humeniuk, A. - ''Ukrainski narodni muzychni instrumenty'' - Kyiv:

Naukova dumka Naukova Dumka ( uk, Наукова Думка — literally "scientific thought") is a publishing house in Kyiv, Ukraine. It was established by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in 1922, largely owing to the efforts of Ahatanhel Krymsky ...

, 1967 *Mizynec, V. - ''Ukrainian Folk Instruments'' - Melbourne: Bayda books, 1984 *Cherkaskyi, L. - ''Ukrainski narodni muzychni instrumenty'' // Tekhnika, Kyiv, Ukraine, 2003 - 262 pages. {{ISBN, 966-575-111-5

External links

Samples and Pictures of Ukrainian Instruments
Ukrainian musical instruments End-blown flutes

See also

Sources

External links