The

flora Flora is all the plant life present in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring (indigenous) native plants. Sometimes bacteria and fungi are also referred to as flora, as in the terms '' gut flora'' or '' skin flora''. E ...

Greenland Greenland ( kl, Kalaallit Nunaat, ; da, Grønland, ) is an island country in North America that is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland is t ...

consists of a total of 583 species or 614

taxa In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular nam ...

(species and subspecies) of

vascular plants Vascular plants (), also called tracheophytes () or collectively Tracheophyta (), form a large group of land plants ( accepted known species) that have lignified tissues (the xylem) for conducting water and minerals throughout the plant. They al ...

, of which 13 are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

, and 87 taxa introduced by humans, most of which are

naturalized Naturalization (or naturalisation) is the legal act or process by which a non-citizen of a country may acquire citizenship or nationality of that country. It may be done automatically by a statute, i.e., without any effort on the part of the in ...

Apiaceae Apiaceae or Umbelliferae is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus ''Apium'' and commonly known as the celery, carrot or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants ...

*''

Angelica archangelica ''Angelica archangelica'', commonly known as garden angelica, wild celery, and Norwegian angelica, is a biennial plant from the family Apiaceae, a subspecies of which is cultivated for its sweetly scented edible stems and roots. Like several oth ...

'' – native *''

Carum carvi Caraway, also known as meridian fennel and Persian cumin (''Carum carvi''), is a biennial plant in the family Apiaceae, native to western Asia, Europe, and North Africa. Etymology The etymology of "caraway" is unclear. Caraway has been ...

'' – introduced *''

Ligusticum scoticum ''Ligusticum scoticum'', known as Scots lovage, or Scottish licorice-root, is a perennial flowering plant in the celery family Apiaceae (previously Umbelliferae) found near the coasts of northern Europe and north-eastern North America. It grows u ...

'' ssp. ''scoticum'' – native

Aspleniaceae The Aspleniaceae (spleenworts) are a family of ferns, included in the order Polypodiales. The composition and classification of the family have been subject to considerable changes. In particular, there is a narrow circumscription, Aspleniaceae ...

*''

Asplenium viride ''Asplenium viride'' is a species of fern known as the green spleenwort because of its green stipes and rachides. This feature easily distinguishes it from the very similar-looking maidenhair spleenwort, ''Asplenium trichomanes''. Taxonomy Gr ...

'' – native

Asteraceae The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...

*''

Achillea millefolium ''Achillea millefolium'', commonly known as yarrow () or common yarrow, is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. Other common names include old man's pepper, devil's nettle, sanguinary, milfoil, soldier's woundwort, and thousand seal. The ...

'' ssp. ''millefolium'' – introduced *'' Antennaria affinis'' – native, endemic (microspecies) *''

Antennaria alpina ''Antennaria alpina'' (alpine pussytoes or alpine catsfoot or alpine everlasting) is a European and North American species of plant in the family Asteraceae. ''Antennaria alpina'' is native to mountainous and subarctic regions of Scandinavia, Gr ...

'' *'' Antennaria angustata'' – native *'' Antennaria boecherana'' – native, endemic (microspecies) *'' Antennaria canescens'' – native *''

Antennaria compacta ''Antennaria alpina'' (alpine pussytoes or alpine catsfoot or alpine everlasting) is a European and North American species of plant in the family Asteraceae. ''Antennaria alpina'' is native to mountainous and subarctic regions of Scandinavia, Gr ...

'' – native *''

Antennaria friesiana ''Antennaria friesiana'', or Fries' pussytoes, is an Arctic species of plants in the family Asteraceae. It is the northern reaches of Asia and North America (Russia, Alaska, Northwest Territories, Yukon, Nunavut, Quebec, Labrador, and Greenla ...

'' – native *''

Antennaria glabrata ''Antennaria alpina'' (alpine pussytoes or alpine catsfoot or alpine everlasting) is a European and North American species of plant in the family Asteraceae. ''Antennaria alpina'' is native to mountainous and subarctic regions of Scandinavia, Gr ...

'' – native *''

Antennaria hansii ''Antennaria'' is a genus of dioecious perennial herbs in the family Asteraceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with a few species (''A. chilensis'', ''A. linearifolia'', ''A. sleumeri'') in temperate southern South A ...

'' – native, endemic (microspecies) *''

Antennaria intermedia ''Antennaria alpina'' (alpine pussytoes or alpine catsfoot or alpine everlasting) is a European and North American species of plant in the family Asteraceae. ''Antennaria alpina'' is native to mountainous and subarctic regions of Scandinavia, Gr ...

'' – native, endemic (microspecies) *''

Antennaria porsildii ''Antennaria alpina'' (alpine pussytoes or alpine catsfoot or alpine everlasting) is a European and North American species of plant in the family Asteraceae. ''Antennaria alpina'' is native to mountainous and subarctic regions of Scandinavia, Gre ...

'' – native *''

Antennaria sornborgeri ''Antennaria alpina'' (alpine pussytoes or alpine catsfoot or alpine everlasting) is a European and North American species of plant in the family Asteraceae. ''Antennaria alpina'' is native to mountainous and subarctic regions of Scandinavia, Gr ...

'' – native *''

Antennaria subcanescens ''Antennaria alpina'' (alpine pussytoes or alpine catsfoot or alpine everlasting) is a European and North American species of plant in the family Asteraceae. ''Antennaria alpina'' is native to mountainous and subarctic regions of Scandinavia, Gr ...

'' – native *''

Arnica angustifolia ''Arnica angustifolia'' is an Arctic and alpine species of plants in the sunflower family, known by the common names narrowleaf arnica and Arctic arnica. It is native to colder regions in Europe, Asia, and North America (northern and western Can ...

'' ssp. ''angustifolia'' – native *''

Artemisia borealis ''Artemisia borealis'' is an arctic and alpine species of plant in the sunflower family, commonly known as northern wormwood, boreal sage, boreal wormwood or boreal sagewort. It is native to high latitudes and high elevations in Eurasia and Nort ...

'' ssp. ''borealis'' – native *'' Artemisia vulgaris'' – introduced *'' Chamomilla recutita'' – introduced *'' Chamomilla suaveolens'' – introduced *''

Cirsium arvense ''Cirsium arvense'' is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native throughout Europe and western Asia, northern Africa and widely introduced elsewhere.Joint Nature Conservation Committee''Cirsium arvense'' The standa ...

'' – introduced *'' Cirsium helenioides'' – native, locally extinct *'' Crepis tectorum'' ssp. ''tectorum'' – introduced *'' Erigeron borealis'' – native *'' Erigeron compositus'' – native *'' Erigeron humilis'' – native *'' Erigeron uniflorus'' ssp. ''eriocephalus'' – native *'' Erigeron uniflorus'' ssp. ''uniflorus'' – native *'' Filaginella uliginosa'' – introduced *'' Hieracium sect. Alpina'' – native *'' Hieracium sect. Prenanthoidea'' – native *'' Hieracium sect. Subalpina'' – native *'' Hieracium sect. Tridentata'' – native *''

Leontodon autumnalis ''Scorzoneroides autumnalis'', commonly called autumn hawkbit, is a perennial plant species, widespread in its native range in Eurasia (from Europe east to western Siberia), and introduced in North America. The plant is sometimes called fall da ...

'' ssp. ''autumnalis'' – introduced (Norsemen) *'' Leucanthemum vulgare'' – introduced *''

Matricaria maritima ''Tripleurospermum maritimum'' ( syn. ''Matricaria maritima'') is a species of flowering plant in the aster family commonly known as false mayweed or sea mayweed. It is found in many coastal areas of Northern Europe, including Scandinavia and I ...

'' ssp. ''phaeocephala'' – native *''

Matricaria perforata ''Tripleurospermum inodorum'', common names scentless false mayweed, scentless mayweed, scentless chamomile, wild chamomile, mayweed, false chamomile, and Baldr's brow, is the type species of Tripleurospermum. This plant is native to Eurasia and ...

'' – introduced *'' Omalotheca norvegica'' – native *'' Omalotheca supina'' – native *''

Senecio vulgaris ''Senecio vulgaris'', often known by the common names groundsel and old-man-in-the-spring, is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is an annual herb, native to Europe and widely naturalised as a ruderal species in suitable disturbed ha ...

'' – introduced *'' Taraxacum sect. Arctica'' – native *'' Taraxacum sect. Borealia'' – native *''

Taraxacum sect. Spectabilia ''Taraxacum'' () is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, which consists of species commonly known as dandelions. The scientific and hobby study of the genus is known as taraxacology. The genus is native to Eurasia and Nor ...

'' – native

Betulaceae Betulaceae, the birch family, includes six genera of deciduous nut-bearing trees and shrubs, including the birches, alders, hazels, hornbeams, hazel-hornbeam, and hop-hornbeams numbering a total of 167 species. They are mostly natives of the t ...

*''

Alnus viridis ''Alnus alnobetula'' is a common tree widespread across much of Europe, Asia, and North America. Many sources refer to it as ''Alnus viridis'', the green alder, but botanically this is considered an illegitimate name synonymous with ''Alnus alno ...

'' ssp. ''crispa'' – native *'' Betula glandulosa'' – native *''

Betula nana ''Betula nana'', the dwarf birch, is a species of birch in the family Betulaceae, found mainly in the tundra of the Arctic region. Description It is a monoecious, deciduous shrub growing up to high. The bark is non-peeling and shiny red-copp ...

'' ssp. ''nana'' – native *''

Betula pubescens ''Betula pubescens'' (syn. ''Betula alba''), commonly known as downy birch and also as moor birch, white birch, European white birch or hairy birch, is a species of deciduous tree, native and abundant throughout northern Europe and northern Asia ...

'' ssp. ''minor'' – native

Boraginaceae Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-not family, includes about 2,000 species of shrubs, trees and herbs in 146, to 156 genera with a worldwide distribution. The APG IV system from 2016 classifies the Boraginaceae as single family of the or ...

*''

Asperugo procumbens ''Asperugo procumbens'', known as madwort or German madwort, is the single species in the monotypic plant genus ''Asperugo''. This plant is native to Europe but has been introduced elsewhere, such as the northern half of North America. Referenc ...

'' – introduced *''

Mertensia maritima ''Mertensia maritima'' is a species of flowering plant in the borage family, and is known by the common names oyster leaf in North America, oyster plant in the British Isles, and sea bluebells. It is restricted to gravelly sea shores, usually w ...

'' – native *''

Myosotis arvensis ''Myosotis arvensis'' or field forget-me-not is a herbaceous annual to short lived perennial flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae. Clive Stace describes this plant as having the following characteristics: * Upright, to ; softly hairy, wi ...

'' – introduced

Brassicaceae Brassicaceae () or (the older) Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, while some are shrubs. The le ...

*''

Arabidopsis arenicola ''Arabidopsis arenicola'', the Arctic rock-cress, is a plant species native to the northeastern part of North America. It has been reported from Greenland, Labrador, Nunavut, Northwest Territories, Québec, Ontario, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan ...

'' – native *'' Arabis alpina'' – native *''

Barbarea stricta ''Barbarea stricta'', the small-flowered winter-cress, is a species of plant in the family Brassicaceae. Description ''Barbarea stricta'' is a biennial or perennial herb up to 100 cm tall. Leaves are up to 7 cm long, pinnately lobed ...

'' – introduced *''

Barbarea vulgaris ''Barbarea vulgaris'', also called wintercress (usual common name), or alternatively herb barbara, rocketcress, yellow rocketcress, winter rocket, yellow rocket, and wound rocket, is a biennial herb of the genus '' Barbarea'', belonging to the fa ...

'' – introduced *'' Beringia bursifolia'' – native *'' Boechera holboellii'' – native *''

Brassica rapa ''Brassica rapa'' is a plant species growing in various widely cultivated forms including the turnip (a root vegetable); napa cabbage, bomdong, bok choy, and rapini. ''Brassica rapa'' subsp. ''oleifera'' is an oilseed which has many common n ...

'' ssp. ''sylvestris'' – introduced *'' Braya humilis'' ssp. ''arctica'' – native *'' Braya intermedia'' – native *'' Braya linearis'' – native *'' Braya novae-angliae'' – native *''

Braya purpurascens ''Braya'' is a genus of plants in the family Brassicaceae. *'' Braya alpina'' Sternb. & Hoppe *'' Braya fernaldii'' Abbe *'' Braya forrestii'' W.W.Sm. *'' Braya glabella'' Richardson *'' Braya humilis'' (C.A. Mey.) B.L. Rob. *'' Braya linearis'' ...

'' – native *'' Braya thorild-wulffii'' – native *''

Cakile edentula ''Cakile edentula'', the American searocket, is a species of the flowering '' Cakile'' plant. This plant is native to North America. Distribution ''Cakile edentula'' is most commonly found on the beaches and dunes of North America. More common ...

'' ssp. ''edentula'' – native *''

Capsella bursa-pastoris ''Capsella bursa-pastoris'', known as shepherd's purse because of its triangular flat fruits, which are purse-like, is a small annual and ruderal flowering plant in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). It is native to eastern Europe and Asia minor, ...

'' – introduced *''

Cardamine bellidifolia ''Cardamine'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the mustard family, Brassicaceae, known as bittercresses and toothworts. It contains more than 200 species of annuals and perennials. Species in this genus can be found worldwide, except the ...

'' – native *''

Cardamine pratensis ''Cardamine pratensis'', the cuckoo flower, lady's smock, mayflower, or milkmaids, is a flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae. It is a perennial herb native throughout most of Europe and Western Asia. The specific name ''pratensis'' is Latin ...

'' ssp. ''polemonioides'' – native *'' Cardaminopsis arenosa'' – introduced *'' Cochlearia groenlandica'' – native *''

Descurainia sophia ''Descurainia sophia'' is a member of the family Brassicaceae. Common names include flixweed, herb-Sophia and tansy mustard. It reproduces by seeds. It is a dominant weed in dark brown prairie and black prairie soils of southern Alberta. Its s ...

'' – introduced *''

Draba alpina ''Draba'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, commonly known as whitlow-grasses (though they are not related to the true grasses). Species There are over 400 species: *'' Draba abajoensis'' Windham & Al-Shehbaz *'' ...

'' – native *''

Draba arctica ''Draba'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, commonly known as whitlow-grasses (though they are not related to the true grasses). Species There are over 400 species: *'' Draba abajoensis'' Windham & Al-Shehbaz *'' ...

'' ssp. ''ostenfeldii'' – native, endemic (subspecies) *''

'' ssp. ''arctica'' – native *'' Draba arctogena'' – native *'' Draba aurea'' – native *''

Draba cana ''Draba breweri'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae known by the common names cushion draba, Lanceleaf Draba, Brewer's draba, and Brewer's Whitlow grass.Draba cinerea'' – native *'' Draba corymbosa'' – native *'' Draba crassifolia'' – native *'' Draba fladnizensis'' – native *''

Draba glabella ''Draba'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, commonly known as whitlow-grasses (though they are not related to the true grasses). Species There are over 400 species: *'' Draba abajoensis'' Windham & Al-Shehbaz *'' ...

'' – native *''

Draba incana ''Draba incana'' is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Brassicaceae. Its native range is Canada to Northern Central and Northeastern USA, Greenland, Northern Europe, Alps, Pyrenees The Pyrenees (; es, Pirineos ; french: Pyré ...

'' – native *'' Draba micropetala'' – native *'' Draba nivalis'' – native *''

Draba norvegica ''Draba norvegica'' is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family (Brassicaceae) know by the common names Norwegian draba and Norwegian whitlow grass. Description ''Draba norvegica'' is a small cespitose (forming dense clumps or tufts), ...

'' – native *'' Draba oblongata'' – native *''

Draba oxycarpa ''Draba'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, commonly known as whitlow-grasses (though they are not related to the true grasses). Species There are over 400 species: *'' Draba abajoensis'' Windham & Al-Shehbaz *'' ...

'' – native *'' Draba pauciflora'' – native *'' Draba sibirica'' – native *''

Draba subcapitata ''Draba'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, commonly known as whitlow-grasses (though they are not related to the true grasses). Species There are over 400 species: *'' Draba abajoensis'' Windham & Al-Shehbaz *'' ...

'' – native *'' Draba wahlenbergii'' – native *'' Erysimum redowskii''(syn. ''E. pallasii) – native *''

Eutrema edwardsii ''Eutrema'' is a genus of flowering plants of the family Brassicaceae, native to the Holarctic. Its best known member is wasabi, ''Eutrema japonicum''. Species Species accepted by the Plants of the World Online as of October 2022: *'' Eutrema ...

'' – native *'' Lesquerella arctica'' – native *''

Raphanus raphanistrum ''Raphanus raphanistrum'', also known as wild radish, white charlock or jointed charlock, is a flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae. One of its subspecies, ''Raphanus raphanistrum'' subsp. ''sativus'', includes a diverse variety of cultiv ...

'' – introduced *''

Rorippa islandica ''Rorippa'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to Europe through central Asia, Africa, and North America. ''Rorippa'' species are annual to perennial herbs, usually with yellow flower A flower, sometimes known ...

'' ssp. ''islandica'' – native *'' Rorippa palustris'' ssp. ''palustris'' – introduced *'' Rorippa sylvestris'' – introduced *''

Sinapis arvensis ''Sinapis arvensis'', the charlock mustard, field mustard, wild mustard, or charlock, is an annual or winter annual plant of the genus '' Sinapis'' in the family Brassicaceae. It is found in the fields of North Africa, Asia and Europe. ''Pieris ...

'' – introduced *''

Sisymbrium altissimum ''Sisymbrium altissimum'' is a species of ''Sisymbrium''. The plant is native to the western part of the Mediterranean Basin and is widely naturalized throughout most of the world, including all of North America. After maturity it forms a tumb ...

'' – introduced *''

Subularia aquatica ''Subularia aquatica'' is an aquatic plant in the family Brassicaceae which is known by the common name water awlwort. This is a small herb with awl-like leaves (generally cylindrical but tapering to a sharp point), and growing from a corm above ...

'' ssp. ''americana'' – native *''

Thlaspi arvense ''Thlaspi arvense'', known by the common name field pennycress, is a flowering plant in the cabbage family Brassicaceae. It is native to Eurasia, and is a common weed throughout much of North America and its home. Description ''Thlaspi arvense' ...

'' – introduced

Callitrichaceae

*'' Callitriche anceps'' – native *'' Callitriche hamulata'' – native *'' Callitriche hermaphroditica'' – native *''

Callitriche palustris ''Callitriche palustris'', the vernal water-starwort, narrow-fruited water-starwort, or spiny water starwort, is a species of aquatic plants. It is the type species of its genus. References External links * * ''Callitriche palustris''at ...

'' – native

Calochortaceae

*'' Streptopus amplexifolius'' ssp. ''americanus'' – native

Campanulaceae The family Campanulaceae (also bellflower family), of the order Asterales, contains nearly 2400 species in 84 genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and rarely small trees, often with milky sap. Among them are several familiar garden plants belon ...

*'' Campanula gieseckiana'' – native *'' Campanula uniflora'' – native

Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system, alongside 33 other families, including Amaranthaceae, Cactacea ...

*'' Arenaria humifusa'' – native *'' Arenaria pseudofrigida'' – native *'' Cerastium alpinum'' ssp. ''lanatum'' – native *'' Cerastium alpinum'' ssp. ''alpinum'' – native *''

Cerastium arcticum ''Cerastium arcticum'', the Arctic mouse-ear chickweed or Arctic mouse-ear, is a flower distributed at parts of western and southern Greenland, Baffin Island, Labrador, Iceland, Scotland, Norway and Svalbard. It is a perennial herb that grows i ...

'' – native *''

Cerastium arvense ''Cerastium arvense'' is a species of flowering plant in the pink family known by the common names field mouse-ear and field chickweed. It is a widespread species, occurring throughout Europe and North America, as well as parts of South America. ...

'' – native *'' Cerastium beeringianum'' – native *''

Cerastium cerastoides ''Cerastium cerastoides'', the mountain chickweed or starwort mouse-ear, is a flowering plant species in the pink family Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. I ...

'' – native *''

Cerastium fontanum ''Cerastium fontanum'', also called mouse-ear chickweed, common mouse-ear, or starweed, is a species of mat-forming perennial or, rarely, annual plant. It is native to Europe but introduced elsewhere. Its identifying characteristics are tear-sh ...

'' ssp. ''vulgare'' – introduced *''

'' ssp. ''fontanum'' – native *'' Cerastium regelii'' – native *''

Honckenya peploides ''Honckenya peploides'', the sea sandwort (UK) or seaside sandplant (Canada), is the only species in the genus ''Honckenya'' of the plant family Caryophyllaceae. Other common names include sea chickweed, sea pimpernal, sea-beach sandwort, and sea ...

'' ssp. ''diffusa'' – native *'' Lychnis alpina'' ssp. ''americana'' – native *''

Minuartia biflora ''Cherleria biflora'' is a species of plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is known as mountain stitchwort. Description The species is perennial, and forms mats and cushions. It flowers from June to August. Range ''Cherleria biflora'' is fou ...

'' – native *''

Minuartia groenlandica ''Minuartia groenlandica'', the Greenland stitchwort or mountain stitchwort, Appalachian stitchwort, mountain sandwort, smooth mountain sandwort, and smooth sandwort is a rare perennialMinuartia rossii'' ssp. ''rossiii'' – native *''

Minuartia rubella ''Minuartia rubella'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by several common names, including beautiful sandwort, mountain sandwort, Arctic sandwort, and boreal stitchwort. It has a circumboreal distribution, occur ...

'' – native *'' Minuartia stricta'' – native *''

Sagina cespitosa ''Sagina'' (like ''Colobanthus'' called "pearlworts") is a genus of 20–30 species of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. These are flowering herbs native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere extending south to tropical m ...

'' – native *'' Sagina nivalis'' – native *''

Sagina nodosa ''Sagina nodosa'', the knotted pearlwort, is a species in the genus ''Sagina'', native to northern Europe. It is a low-growing plant up to 15 cm tall, with paired leaves up to 1 cm long. The flower A flower, sometimes known as a ...

'' – native *''

Sagina procumbens ''Sagina procumbens'' is a species of flowering plant. in the family Caryophyllaceae known by the common names procumbent pearlwort, birdeye pearlwort and matted pearlwort. It can be found throughout the Northern Hemisphere and parts of South Ame ...

'' – native *'' Sagina saginoides'' – native *''

Silene acaulis ''Silene acaulis'', known as moss campion or cushion pink, is a small mountain-dwelling wildflower that is common all over the high arctic and tundra and in high mountains of Eurasia and North America (Alps, Carpathians, southern Siberia, Pyrenee ...

'' – native *'' Silene furcata'' ssp. ''angustiflora'' – native *'' Silene furcata'' ssp. ''furcata'' – native *'' Silene latifolia ssp. alba'' – introduced *'' Silene sorensenis'' – native *'' Silene uralensis'' ssp. ''uralensis'' – native *'' Silene vulgaris'' – introduced *''

Spergula arvensis ''Spergula arvensis'', the corn spurry, stickwort, starwort or spurrey, is a species of plant in the genus ''Spergula''. Description Corn spurry is a summer or winter annual broadleaf plant, and its seeds buried in the soil can survive for se ...

'' – introduced *''

Spergularia canadensis ''Spergularia canadensis'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae, known by the common name Canadian sandspurry. It is native to North America, where it is known from mainly coastal habitat. It is found along the coastline ...

'' – native *'' Stellaria borealis'' – native *''

Stellaria humifusa ''Stellaria humifusa'', the saltmarsh starwort, is plant native to northern North America and Eurasia. References holostea Flora of Eastern Canada Flora of Eastern Europe Flora of Northern Europe Flora of Siberia Flora of Subarctic ...

'' – native *'' Stellaria longifolia'' – native *''

Stellaria longipes ''Stellaria longipes'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by the common names longstalk starwort and Goldie's starwort. It has a circumpolar distribution, occurring throughout the northernmost latitudes of the Nor ...

'' – native *'' Stellaria media'' – introduced

Chenopodiaceae Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus '' Amaranthus''. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making i ...

*'' Atriplex longipes'' ssp. ''praecox'' – native *''

Atriplex patula ''Atriplex patula'' (spear saltbush; common orache; spear orach; spreading orach; ) is a ruderal, circumboreal species of annual herbaceous plant in the genus '' Atriplex'' naturalized in many temperate regions. Description ''Atriplex patula'' ...

'' – introduced *''

Chenopodium album ''Chenopodium album'' is a fast-growing weedy annual plant in the genus ''Chenopodium''. Though cultivated in some regions, the plant is elsewhere considered a weed. Common names include lamb's quarters, melde, goosefoot, wild spinach and fat-h ...

'' – introduced

Cornaceae The Cornaceae are a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants in the order Cornales. The family contains approximately 85 species in two genera, ''Alangium'' and ''Cornus''. They are mostly trees and shrubs, which may be deciduous or evergreen, alt ...

*''

Cornus canadensis ''Cornus canadensis'' is a species of flowering plant in the dogwood family Cornaceae, native to eastern Asia and North America. Common names include Canadian dwarf cornel, Canadian bunchberry, quatre-temps, crackerberry, and creeping dogwood. Un ...

'' – native *''

Cornus suecica ''Cornus suecica'', the dwarf cornel or bunchberry, is a species of flowering plant in the dogwood family Cornaceae, native to cool temperate and subarctic regions of Europe and Asia, and also locally in extreme northeastern and northwestern Nor ...

'' – native *'' Cornus × unalaschkensis'' – native (hybrid)

Crassulaceae The Crassulaceae (from Latin ''crassus'', thick), also known as the stonecrop family or the orpine family, are a diverse family of dicotyledon flowering plants characterized by succulent leaves and a unique form of photosynthesis, known as Crass ...

*''

Rhodiola rosea ''Rhodiola rosea'' (commonly golden root, rose root, roseroot, Aaron's rod, Arctic root, king's crown, ''lignum rhodium'', orpin rose) is a perennial flowering plant in the family Crassulaceae. It grows naturally in wild Arctic regions of Europe ...

'' ssp. ''rosea'' – native *''

Sedum acre ''Sedum acre'', commonly known as the goldmoss stonecrop, mossy stonecrop,Dickinson, T.; Metsger, D.; Bull, J.; & Dickinson, R. (2004) ROM Field Guide to Wildflowers of Ontario. Toronto:Royal Ontario Museum, p. 243. goldmoss sedum, biting stonec ...

'' – native *'' Sedum annuum'' – native *''

Sedum villosum ''Sedum villosum'', known as the hairy stonecrop or purple stonecrop, is a biennial to perennial flowering plant. Its leaves, which are long and may be reddish in colour, are generally covered with hairs, although ''S. villosum'' var. ''gla ...

'' – native

Cupressaceae Cupressaceae is a conifer family, the cypress family, with worldwide distribution. The family includes 27–30 genera (17 monotypic), which include the junipers and redwoods, with about 130–140 species in total. They are monoecious, subdio ...

*''

Juniperus communis ''Juniperus communis'', the common juniper, is a species of small tree or shrub in the cypress family Cupressaceae. An evergreen conifer, it has the largest geographical range of any woody plant, with a circumpolar distribution throughout the coo ...

'' ssp. ''nana'' – native

Cyperaceae The Cyperaceae are a family of graminoid (grass-like), monocotyledonous flowering plants known as sedges. The family is large, with some 5,500 known species described in about 90 genera, the largest being the "true sedges" genus ''Carex'' w ...

*''

Carex acuta ''Carex acuta'', the acute sedge, slender tufted-sedge, or slim sedge, can be found growing on the margins of rivers and lakes in the Palaearctic terrestrial ecoregions in beds of wet, alkaline or slightly acid depressions with mineral soil. ...

'' – native *''

Carex aquatilis ''Carex aquatilis'' is a species of Carex, sedge known as water sedge and leafy tussock sedge. It has a Circumboreal Region, circumboreal distribution, occurring throughout the northern reaches of the Northern Hemisphere. It grows in many types o ...

'' ssp. ''aquatilis'' – native *''

'' ssp. ''stans'' – native *'' Carex arctogena'' – native *'' Carex atrata'' – native *''

Carex atrofusca Carex atrofusca, the dark brown sedge or scorched alpine sedge, is a species of sedge with a circumpolar or circumboreal distribution in the northern hemisphere. Description Carex atrofusca is a perennial cespitose loosely tufted sedge appro ...

'' – native *''

Carex bicolor ''Carex bicolor'', the bicoloured sedge, is a species of sedge native to North America, Northern Europe and Northern Asia. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed the plant's conservation status as being of least concern b ...

'' – native *''

Carex bigelowii ''Carex bigelowii'' is a species of sedge known by the common names Bigelow's sedge, Gwanmo sedge, and stiff sedge. It has an Arctic–alpine distribution in Eurasia and North America, and grows up to tall in a variety of habitats. Distribution ...

'' ssp. ''bigelowii'' – native *''

'' ssp. ''rigida'' – native *'' Carex boecheriana'' – native *'' Carex brunnescens'' ssp. ''brunnescens'' – native *'' Carex buxbaumii'' – native *'' Carex capillaris'' ssp. ''fuscidula'' – native *'' Carex capillaris'' ssp. ''chlorostachys'' – native *'' Carex capitata'' – native *'' Carex chordorrhiza'' – native *'' Carex curta'' – native *'' Carex deflexa'' – native *'' Carex demissa'' – native *''

Carex disperma ''Carex disperma'' is a species of sedge known by the common names softleaf sedge or two-seed sedge. It is native to much of the northern Northern Hemisphere, from Alaska to Greenland, most of Canada and the contiguous United States, and across E ...

'' – native *'' Carex fuliginosa'' ssp. ''misandra'' – native *''

Carex glacialis The genus ''Carex'', the sedges, is one of the largest genera of flowering plants, containing around 1800 species, according to a 2004 estimate. All the species (including hybrid species) accepted by ''The Plant List'' are given below: In May ...

'' – native *'' Carex glareosa'' – native *'' Carex gynocrates'' – native *'' Carex holostoma'' – native *'' Carex krausei'' ssp. ''porsildiana'' – native *''

Carex lachenalii ''Carex lachenalii'', called the twotipped sedge and hare's foot sedge, is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Carex'', native to temperate and subarctic North America, Greenland, Iceland, Europe, and Asia, and the South Island of New Zea ...

'' – native *'' Carex lidii'' – native *'' Carex lyngbyei'' ssp. ''lyngbyei'' – native *'' Carex mackenziei'' – native *'' Carex macloviana'' – native *''

Carex magellanica ''Carex magellanica'', or the boreal bog sedge, is a Carex species that is native to North America. It is listed as endangered in Connecticut. Description ''Carex magellanica'' grows loosely tufted from a short to long rhizome. Its culms gr ...

'' ssp. ''irrigua'' – native *'' Carex marina'' ssp. ''marina'' – native *'' Carex marina'' ssp. ''pseudolagopina'' – native *'' Carex maritima'' – native *'' Carex membranacea'' *''

Carex microglochin ''Carex microglochin'', called the fewseeded bog sedge and bristle sedge, is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Carex'', native to temperate and subarctic North America, South America, Europe and Asia. It is uncertain which hemisphere it ...

'' – native *'' Carex miliaris'' *'' Carex nardina'' ssp. ''hepburnii'' – native *'' Carex nigra'' ssp. ''nigra'' – native *'' Carex norvegica'' – native *'' Carex panicea'' – native *'' Carex parallela'' ssp. ''parallela'' – native *'' Carex praticola'' – native *'' Carex quasivaginata'' – native *'' Carex rariflora'' – native *'' Carex rhomalea'' *''

Carex rostrata ''Carex rostrata'', the bottle sedge or beaked sedge, is a perennial species of sedge in the family Cyperaceae. Range and habitat The species is native to Holarctic fens and can be found in Canada and the northern part of the United States, and ...

'' – native *'' Carex rufina'' – native *''

Carex rupestris ''Carex rupestris'', called the curly sedge and rock sedge (names it shares with other members of its genus), is a species of flowering plant in the family Cyperaceae, native to temperate and subarctic North America, Greenland, Iceland, Europe, ...

'' – native *'' Carex salina'' – native *'' Carex miliaris'' – native *''

Carex scirpoidea ''Carex scirpoidea'' is a species of sedge belonging to the family Cyperaceae. It is dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants. Its native range is Norway ( Solvågtind), Russia (Siberia Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r= ...

'' – native *'' Carex stylosa'' – native *'' Carex subspathacea'' ssp. ''subspathacea'' – native *'' Carex supina'' ssp. ''spaniocarpa'' – native *'' Carex trisperma'' – native *''

Carex umbellata ''Carex umbellata'', the parasol sedge, is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Carex'', native to Canada and the central and eastern US, and introduced to the Dominican Republic. Its seeds are Myrmecochory, dispersed by ants. References< ...

'' – native *'' Carex ursina'' – native *''

Eleocharis acicularis ''Eleocharis acicularis'' is a species of spikesedge known by the common names needle spikerush and least spikerush. It is widespread across Europe, central and southeastern Asia, North America and northeastern South America as far south as Ecu ...

'' ssp. ''acicularis'' – native *''

Eleocharis palustris ''Eleocharis palustris'', the common spike-rush, creeping spike-rush or marsh spike-rush, is a species of mat-forming perennial flowering plants in the sedge family Cyperaceae. It grows in wetlands in Europe, North Africa, northern and central A ...

'' – native *''

Eleocharis quinqueflora ''Eleocharis quinqueflora'' is a species of spikesedge known by the common names fewflower spikerush and few-flowered spike-rush. It is widespread across Europe, North Africa, northern Asia (Siberia, China, Kazakhstan, Himalayas, etc.), and Nor ...

'' ssp. ''fernaldii'' – native *''

Eleocharis uniglumis ''Eleocharis uniglumis'' is a species of plant belonging to the family Cyperaceae. Its native range is Europe to Russian Far East The Russian Far East (russian: Дальний Восток России, r=Dal'niy Vostok Rossii, p=ˈdalʲn� ...

'' – native *''

Eriophorum angustifolium ''Eriophorum angustifolium'', commonly known as common cottongrass or common cottonsedge, is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family, Cyperaceae. Native to North America, North Asia, and Northern Europe, it grows on peat or acidic soil ...

'' – native *''

Eriophorum callitrix ''Eriophorum callitrix'', commonly known as Arctic cotton, Arctic cottongrass, ''suputi'', or ''pualunnguat'' in Inuktitut, is a perennial Arctic plant in the sedge family, Cyperaceae. It is one of the most widespread flowering plants in the no ...

'' – native *''

Eriophorum scheuchzeri ''Eriophorum scheuchzeri'' is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known by the common names Scheuchzer's cottongrass and white cottongrass. It has an arctic circumpolar and circumboreal distribution in the Northern Hemisphere. It ...

'' – native *'' Eriophorum × sorenseni'' – native *''

Eriophorum triste ''Eriophorum'' (cottongrass, cotton-grass or cottonsedge) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cyperaceae, the sedge family. They are found throughout the arctic, subarctic, and temperate portions of the Northern Hemisphere in acid bog ha ...

'' – native *''

Eriophorum vaginatum ''Eriophorum'' (cottongrass, cotton-grass or cottonsedge) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cyperaceae, the sedge family. They are found throughout the arctic, subarctic, and temperate portions of the Northern Hemisphere in acid bog ha ...

'' ssp. ''spissum'' – native *'' Kobresia myosuroides'' – native *''

Kobresia simpliciuscula ''Kobresia simpliciuscula'' is a species of sedge known by the common names false sedge, simple bog sedge and simple kobresia. It has a circumpolar distribution, occurring throughout the northern latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.

'' ssp. ''subholarctica'' – native *''

Trichophorum cespitosum ''Trichophorum cespitosum'', commonly known as deergrass or tufted bulrush, is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family. It was originally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1753 as ''Scirpus cespitosus'', but was trans ...

'' – native

Diapensiaceae Diapensiaceae is a small family of flowering plants, which includes 15 species in 6 genera. The genera include '' Berneuxia'' Decne. (1 species), '' Diapensia'' L. (5 species), ''Galax'' Sims (1 species), '' Pyxidanthera'' Michx. (2 species), '' ...

*''

Diapensia lapponica ''Diapensia lapponica'', the pincushion plant, is a plant in the family Diapensiaceae, the only circumboreal species in the genus '' Diapensia'', the others being mainly in the Himalaya and on mountains in southwestern China. This species likely ...

'' ssp. ''lapponica'' – native

Droseraceae Droseraceae is a family of carnivorous flowering plants, also known as the sundew family. It consists of approximately 180 species in three extant genera. Representatives of the Droseraceae are found on all continents except Antarctica. Descr ...

*''

Drosera rotundifolia ''Drosera rotundifolia'', the round-leaved sundew, roundleaf sundew, or common sundew, is a carnivorous species of flowering plant that grows in bogs, marshes and fens. One of the most widespread sundew species, it has a circumboreal distribu ...

'' – native

Dryopteridaceae The Dryopteridaceae are a Family (biology), family of leptosporangiate ferns in the Order (biology), order Polypodiales. They are known Common name, colloquially as the wood ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG&n ...

*''

Dryopteris expansa ''Dryopteris expansa'', the alpine buckler fern, northern buckler-fern or spreading wood fern, is a species of fern native to cool temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, south at high altitudes in mountains to Spain and Greec ...

'' – native *''

Dryopteris filix-mas ''Dryopteris filix-mas'', the male fern, is a common fern of the temperate Northern Hemisphere, native to much of Europe, Asia, and North America. It favours damp shaded areas in the understory of woodlands, but also shady places on hedge-banks, ...

'' – native *''

Dryopteris fragrans ''Dryopteris fragrans'', commonly known as the fragrant woodfern, a circumboreal fern, is the smallest of the ''Dryopteris'' species. It can resemble ''Woodsia ilvensis'' in the wild, with which it shares the same habitat of rocky areas, shady cl ...

'' – native *''

Dryopteris marginalis ''Dryopteris marginalis'', vernacularly known as the marginal shield fern or marginal wood fern, is a perennial species of fern found in damp shady areas throughout eastern North America, from Texas to Minnesota and Newfoundland. It favors modera ...

'' – native *'' Polystichum lonchitis'' – native

Empetraceae

*''

Empetrum nigrum ''Empetrum nigrum'', crowberry, black crowberry, or, in western Alaska, blackberry, is a flowering plant species in the heather family Ericaceae with a near circumboreal distribution in the Northern Hemisphere. It is usually dioecious, but there ...

'' ssp. ''hermaphroditum'' – native

Equisetaceae Equisetaceae, sometimes called the horsetail family, is the only extant family of the order Equisetales, with one surviving genus, ''Equisetum'', which comprises about twenty species. Evolution and systematics Equisetaceae is the only survivin ...

*''

Equisetum arvense ''Equisetum arvense'', the field horsetail or common horsetail, is an herbaceous perennial plant in the Equisetidae (horsetails) sub-class, native throughout the arctic and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It has separate sterile ...

'' ssp. ''arvense'' – native *''

'' ssp. ''boreale'' – native *''

Equisetum hyemale ''Equisetum hyemale'' (commonly known as rough horsetail, scouring rush, scouringrush horsetail and, in South Africa, as snake grass) is a perennial herbaceous vascular plant in the horsetail family Equisetaceae. It is a native plant throughout ...

'' – native *'' Equisetum scirpoides'' – native *'' Equisetum sylvaticum'' – native *'' Equisetum variegatum'' ssp. ''variegatum'' – native

Ericaceae The Ericaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with c.4250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it th ...

*''

Andromeda polifolia ''Andromeda polifolia'', common name bog-rosemary, is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae, native to northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere. It is the only member of the genus ''Andromeda'', and is only found in bogs in ...

'' ssp. ''glaucophylla'' – native *''

'' ssp. ''polifolia'' – native *'' Arctostaphylos alpinus'' – native *''

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi ''Arctostaphylos uva-ursi'' is a plant species of the genus ''Arctostaphylos'' widely distributed across circumboreal regions of the subarctic Northern Hemisphere. Kinnikinnick ( First Nations for "smoking mixture") is a common name in Canada ...

'' – native *''

Cassiope tetragona ''Cassiope tetragona'' (common names include Arctic bell-heather, white Arctic mountain heather and Arctic white heather) is a plant native to the high Arctic and northern Norway, where it is found widely. Growing to 10–20 cm in height ...

'' – native *'' Harrimanella hypnoides'' – native *'' Ledum groenlandicum'' – native *'' Ledum palustre'' ssp. ''decumbens'' – native *''

Loiseleuria procumbens ''Kalmia procumbens'', commonly known as alpine azalea or trailing azalea, is a dwarf shrub of high mountain regions of the Northern Hemisphere that usually grows no more than tall. Originally named by Linnaeus as ''Azalea procumbens'', it is al ...

'' – native *'' Orthilia obtusata'' – native *'' Phyllodoce caerulea'' – native *''

Pyrola grandiflora ''Pyrola grandiflora'' (, commonly known as Arctic wintergreen or largeflowered wintergreen, is a hardy perennial evergreen subshrub in the family Ericaceae. It is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere from temperate to tundra-like clima ...

'' – native *''

Pyrola minor ''Pyrola minor'', known by the common names snowline wintergreen, lesser wintergreen, and common wintergreen, is a plant species of the genus ''Pyrola ''Pyrola'' is a genus of evergreen herbaceous plants in the family Ericaceae. Under the o ...

'' – native *''

Rhododendron lapponicum ''Rhododendron lapponicum'' (高山杜鹃), the Lapland rosebay, is a dwarf rhododendron species found in subarctic regions of North America, Europe and Asia, where it grows at altitudes ranging from sea level to . It is an evergreen prostrate s ...

'' – native *''

Vaccinium myrtillus ''Vaccinium myrtillus'' or European blueberry is a holarctic species of shrub with edible fruit of blue color, known by the common names bilberry, blaeberry, wimberry, and whortleberry. It is more precisely called common bilberry or blue whortle ...

'' – native *''

Vaccinium oxycoccos ''Vaccinium oxycoccos'' is a species of flowering plant in the heath family. It is known as small cranberry, marshberry, bog cranberry, swamp cranberry, or, particularly in Britain, just cranberry. It is widespread throughout the cool temperate ...

'' ssp. ''microphyllus'' – native *''

Vaccinium uliginosum ''Vaccinium uliginosum'' (bog bilberry, bog blueberry, northern bilberry or western blueberry) is a Eurasian and North American flowering plant in the genus ''Vaccinium'' within the heath family. Distribution ''Vaccinium uliginosum'' is native ...

'' ssp. ''microphyllum'' – native *''

Vaccinium vitis-idaea ''Vaccinium vitis-idaea'', the lingonberry, partridgeberry, mountain cranberry or cowberry, is a small evergreen shrub in the heath family Ericaceae, that bears edible fruit. It is native to boreal forest and Arctic tundra throughout the Norther ...

'' ssp. ''minus'' – native *'' ×Ledodendron vanhoeffeni'' – native, endemic (intergeneric hybrid)

Fabaceae The Fabaceae or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomenc ...

*''

Astragalus alpinus ''Astragalus alpinus'' is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name alpine milkvetch. It has a circumpolar distribution, occurring throughout the upper latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Distribution It is ...

'' ssp. ''arcticus'' – probably introduced *''

Lathyrus japonicus ''Lathyrus japonicus'', the sea pea, beach pea, circumpolar pea or sea vetchling, is a species of flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae, native to temperate coastal areas of the Northern Hemisphere and Argentina. It is a herbaceous per ...

'' – native *''

Lathyrus pratensis ''Lathyrus pratensis'' or meadow vetchling, yellow pea, meadow pea and meadow pea-vine, is a perennial legume that grows to 1.2 m in height. The hermaphrodite flowers are pollinated by bees. As a perennial, this plant reproduces itself over m ...

'' – introduced *''

Medicago lupulina ''Medicago lupulina'', commonly known as black medick, nonesuch, or hop clover, is a plant of dry grassland belonging to the legume or clover family. Plants of the genus '' Medicago'', or bur clovers, are closely related to the true clovers ('' ...

'' – introduced *'' Trifolium hybridum'' – casual *''

Trifolium pratense ''Trifolium pratense'', the red clover, is a herbaceous species of flowering plant in the bean family Fabaceae, native to Europe, Western Asia, and northwest Africa, but planted and naturalized in many other regions. Description Red clove ...

'' – introduced *''

Trifolium repens ''Trifolium repens'', the white clover, is a herbaceous perennial plant in the bean family Fabaceae (otherwise known as Leguminosae). It is native to Europe, including the British Isles,Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg., E.F. 1968. ''Excursio ...

'' – introduced *''

Vicia cracca ''Vicia cracca'' (tufted vetch, cow vetch, bird vetch, blue vetch, boreal vetch), is a species of flowering plant in the pea and bean family Fabaceae. It is native to Europe and Asia. It occurs on other continents as an introduced species, includ ...

'' – introduced (Norsemen) *'' Vicia hirsuta'' – introduced *'' Vicia sativa ssp. nigra'' – introduced *''

Vicia sepium ''Vicia sepium'' or bush vetch is a species of flowering plant in the pea and bean family Fabaceae. A nitrogen-fixing, perennial, leguminous climbing plant that grows in hedgerows, grasslands, the edges of woodland, roadsides and rough grou ...

'' – introduced

Gentianaceae Gentianaceae is a family of flowering plants of 103 genera and about 1600 species. Etymology The family takes its name from the genus '' Gentiana'', named after the Illyrian king Gentius. Distribution Distribution is cosmopolitan. Characteri ...

*'' Gentiana nivalis'' – native *''

Gentianella amarella ''Gentianella amarella'', the autumn gentian, autumn dwarf gentian, or autumn felwort, is a short biennial plant flowering plant in the gentian family, Gentianaceae. It is found throughout Northern Europe, the western and northern United States, ...

'' ssp. ''acuta'' – native *'' Gentianella aurea'' – native *'' Gentianella detonsa'' – native *'' Gentianella tenella'' – native *'' Lomatogonium rotatum'' – native

Geraniaceae Geraniaceae is a family of flowering plants placed in the order Geraniales. The family name is derived from the genus ''Geranium''. The family includes both the genus ''Geranium'' (the cranesbills, or true geraniums) and the garden plants called ...

*''

Erodium cicutarium ''Erodium cicutarium'', also known as common stork's-bill, redstem filaree, redstem stork's bill or pinweed, is a herbaceous annual plant, annual – or in warm climates, biennial plant, biennial – member of the family Geraniaceae of flowering ...

'' – introduced *''

Geranium pusillum ''Geranium pusillum'', commonly known as small-flowered crane's-bill or (in North America) small geranium, is a herbaceous annual plant of the genus ''Geranium''. Small geranium is native to Europe but is introduced in almost every region of t ...

'' – introduced *''

Geranium sylvaticum ''Geranium sylvaticum'', the wood cranesbill or woodland geranium, is a species of hardy flowering plant in the family Geraniaceae, native to Europe and northern Turkey. The Latin specific epithet ''sylvaticum'' means "of woodland", referring to ...

'' – native

Haloragaceae Haloragaceae (the watermilfoil family) is a eudicot flowering plant family in the order Saxifragales, based on the phylogenetic APG system. In the Cronquist system, it was included in the order Haloragales. Description The Haloragaceae are ...

*''

Myriophyllum alterniflorum ''Myriophyllum alterniflorum'', known as alternate water-milfoil or alternateflower watermilfoil, is a species of water-milfoil. It is native to Europe and Asia,has been introduced to North America and inhabits aquatic habitat, such as pond ...

'' – native *'' Myriophyllum sibiricum'' – (

Haloragaceae Haloragaceae (the watermilfoil family) is a eudicot flowering plant family in the order Saxifragales, based on the phylogenetic APG system. In the Cronquist system, it was included in the order Haloragales. Description The Haloragaceae are ...

) - native

Hippuridaceae

*''

Hippuris vulgaris ''Hippuris vulgaris'' (from Greek: ἵππος — ''horse'' and οὐρά — ''tail''), known as mare's-tail or common mare's-tail, is a common aquatic plant of Eurasia and North America ranging from Greenland to the Tibetan Plateau to Arizon ...

'' – native

Iridaceae Iridaceae is a family of plants in order Asparagales, taking its name from the irises, meaning rainbow, referring to its many colours. There are 66 accepted genera with a total of c. 2244 species worldwide (Christenhusz & Byng 2016). It include ...

*''

Sisyrinchium montanum ''Sisyrinchium montanum'', the blue-eyed-grass, American blue-eyed-grass, or strict blue-eyed grass, is a grass-like species of plant from the genus ''Sisyrinchium'', native to northern North America from Newfoundland west to easternmost Alaska, ...

'' – native

Isoetaceae Isoetaceae is a family including living quillworts (''Isoetes'') and comparable extinct herbaceous lycopsids (''Tomiostrobus ''Tomiostrobus'' is an extinct quillwort genus from the Early Triassic of Australia, China and Russia, which was espe ...

*''Isoetes echinospora'' ssp. ''muricata'' – native *''Isoetes lacustris'' – native

Juncaceae

*''Juncus alpinoarticulatus'' ssp. ''alpestris'' – native *''Juncus arcticus'' ssp. ''arcticus'' – native *''Juncus biglumis'' – native *''Juncus bufonius'' ssp. ''bufonius'' – introduced *''Juncus bufonius'' ssp. ''ranarius'' – native *''Juncus castaneus'' ssp. ''castaneus'' – native *''Juncus filiformis'' – native *''Juncus gerardii'' ssp. ''gerardii'' – native *''Juncus squarrosus'' – native *''Juncus subtilis'' – native *''Juncus trifidus'' – native *''Juncus triglumis'' ssp. ''albescens'' – native *''Juncus triglumis'' ssp. ''triglumis'' – native *''Luzula nivalis'' – native *''Luzula arcuata'' – native *''Luzula confusa'' – native *''Luzula groenlandica'' – native *''Luzula multiflora'' ssp. ''frigida'' – native *''Luzula multiflora'' ssp. ''multiflora'' – native *''Luzula parviflora'' ssp. ''parviflora'' – native *''Luzula spicata'' – native *''Luzula wahlenbergii'' – native

Juncaginaceae

*''Triglochin palustris'' – native

Lamiaceae

*''Lamium amplexicaule'' – introduced *''Lamium moluccellifolium'' – introduced *''Lamium purpureum'' – introduced *''Thymus praecox'' ssp. ''arcticus'' – native

Lentibulariaceae

*''Pinguicula vulgaris'' – native *''Utricularia intermedia'' – native *''Utricularia minor'' – native *''Utricularia ochroleuca'' – native

Linnaeaceae

*''Linnaea borealis'' ssp. ''americana'' – native

Lycopodiaceae

*''Diphasiastrum alpinum'' – native *''Diphasiastrum complanatum'' – native *''Diphasiastrum sitchense'' – nativeFlora of North America
/ref> *''Diphasiastrum x zeilleri'' – native *''Huperzia arctica'' – native *''Huperzia selago'' – native *''Lycopodium annotinum'' ssp. ''annotinum'' – native *''Lycopodium dubium'' – native *''Lycopodium lagopus'' – native

Malaceae

*''Sorbus groenlandica'' – native

Melanthiaceae

*''Tofieldia coccinea'' – native *''Tofieldia pusilla'' – native

Menyanthaceae

*''Menyanthes trifoliata'' – native

Myrsinaceae

*''Anagallis arvensis'' – introduced *''Trientalis europaea'' – native

Onagraceae

*''Chamaenerion latifolium'' – native *''Epilobium anagallidifolium'' – native *''Epilobium angustifolium'' – native *''Epilobium davuricum'' ssp. ''arcticum'' – native *''Epilobium hornemannii'' – native *''Epilobium lactiflorum'' – native *''Epilobium latifolium'' – native *''Epilobium palustre'' – native

Ophioglossaceae

*''Botrychium boreale'' – native *''Botrychium lanceolatum'' – native *''Botrychium lunaria'' – native *''Botrychium minganense'' – native *''Botrychium multifidum'' – native *''Botrychium simplex'' – native *''Ophioglossum azoricum'' – native

Orchidaceae

*''Amerorchis, Amerorchis rotundifolia'' – native *''Corallorhiza trifida'' – native *''Neottia cordata'' – native *''Platanthera hyperborea'' – native *''Pseudorchis straminea'' – native

Orobanchaceae

*''Bartsia alpina'' – native *''Euphrasia frigida'' – native *''Melampyrum sylvaticum'' – native *''Pedicularis capitata'' – native *''Pedicularis lanata'' – native *''Pedicularis flammea'' – native *''Pedicularis groenlandica'' – native *''Pedicularis hirsuta'' – native *''Pedicularis labradorica'' – native *''Pedicularis langsdorfii'' – native *''Pedicularis lapponica'' – native *''Pedicularis sudetica'' ssp. ''albolabiata'' – native *''Rhinanthus minor ssp. groenlandicus'' – native *''Rhinanthus minor ssp. minor'' – native

Papaveraceae

*''Papaver dahlianum'' – native *''Papaver cornwallisense'' *''Papaver dahlianum'' *''Papaver labradoricum'' *''Papaver lapponicum''

Parnassiaceae

*''Parnassia kotzebuei'' – native

Plantaginaceae

*''Plantago coronopus'' – casual *''Plantago lanceolata'' – introduced *''Plantago major'' – introduced *''Plantago maritima'' ssp. ''borealis'' – native *''Veronica alpina'' ssp. ''alpina'' – native *''Veronica alpina'' ssp. ''pumila'' – native *''Veronica arvensis'' – casual *''Veronica fruticans'' – native *''Veronica officinalis'' – introduced *''Veronica persica'' – casual *''Veronica serpyllifolia'' ssp. ''serpyllifolia'' – introduced *''Veronica wormskjoldii'' – native

Plumbaginaceae

*''Armeria maritima'' ssp. ''maritima'' – native *''Armeria maritima'' ssp. ''sibirica'' – native

Poaceae

*''Agrostis canina'' – native *''Agrostis capillaris'' – introduced *''Agrostis gigantea'' – native *''Agrostis mertensii'' – native *''Agrostis scabra'' – native *''Agrostis stolonifera'' – native *''Agrostis vinealis'' – native *''Alopecurus aequalis'' – native *''Alopecurus alpinus'' ssp. ''borealis'' – native *''Alopecurus geniculatus'' – introduced *''Alopecurus pratensis'' – introduced *''Anthoxanthum alpinum'' – native *''Arctagrostis latifolia'' ssp. ''latifolia'' – native *''Arctophila fulva'' – native *''Avenella flexuosa'' – native *''Bromus hordeaceus'' – introduced *''Bromus tectorum'' – introduced *''Calamagrostis canadensis'' ssp. ''langsdorfii'' – native *''Calamagrostis inexpansa'' – native *''Calamagrostis lapponica'' – native *''Calamagrostis neglecta'' ssp. ''neglecta'' – native *''Calamagrostis neglecta'' ssp. ''groenlandica'' – native *''Calamagrostis purpurascens var. purpurascens'' – native *''Calamagrostis purpurascens var. laricina'' – native *''Catabrosa aquatica'' – native *''Dactylis glomerata'' – introduced *''Danthonia spicata'' – native *''Deschampsia alpina'' – native *''Deschampsia brevifolia'' – native *''Deschampsia cespitosa'' – introduced *''Deschampsia sukatschewii'' ssp. ''borealis'' – native *''Dupontia fisheri'' – native *''Elymus alaskanus'' ssp. ''hyperarcticus'' – native *''Elymus repens'' – introduced *''Elymus trachycaulus'' ssp. ''virescens'' – native, endemic (subspecies) *''Elymus violaceus'' – native *''Festuca baffinensis'' – native *''Festuca brachyphylla'' – native *''Festuca edlundiae'' – native *''Festuca groenlandica'' – native, endemic *''Festuca hyperborea'' – native *''Festuca pratensis'' – introduced *''Festuca rubra spp. fallax'' – introduced *''Festuca rubra'' ssp. ''arctica'' – native *''Festuca rubra spp. rubra'' – native *''Festuca saximontana'' – native *''Festuca vivipara'' ssp. ''hirsuta'' – native *''Festuca vivipara'' ssp. ''vivipara'' – native *''Festuca vivipara'' ssp. ''glabra'' – native *''Hierochloë alpina'' – native *''Hierochloë odorata'' ssp. ''arctica'' – native *''Leymus arenarius'' – native *''Leymus mollis'' ssp. ''mollis'' – native *''Lolium perenne'' – introduced *''Nardus stricta'' – native *''Phippsia algida'' ssp. ''algidiformis'' – native *''Phippsia algida'' ssp. ''algida'' – native *''Phleum alpinum'' – native *''Phleum pratense ssp. pratense'' – native *''Pleuropogon sabinei'' – native *''Poa abbreviata'' – native *''Poa alpina'' – native *''Poa annua'' – introduced *''Poa arctica'' ssp. ''arctica'' – native *''Poa arctica'' ssp. ''caespitans'' – native *''Poa flexuosa'' – native *''Poa glauca'' – native *''Poa hartzii'' – native *''Poa nemoralis'' – native *''Poa palustris'' – introduced *''Poa pratensis'' – native *''Poa pratensis ssp. alpigena'' – native *''Poa pratensis ssp. colpodea'' – native *''Poa pratensis ssp. irrigata'' – native *''Poa trivialis'' – introduced *''Puccinellia andersonii'' – native *''Puccinellia angustata'' – native *''Puccinellia bruggemannii'' – native *''Puccinellia capillaris'' – native *''Puccinellia deschampsioides'' – native *''Puccinellia groenlandica'' – native, endemic *''Puccinellia laurentiana'' – native *''Puccinellia maritima'' – native *''Puccinellia nutkaensis'' – native *''Puccinellia phryganodes'' – native *''Puccinellia porsildii'' – native *''Puccinellia pumila'' – native *''Puccinellia rosenkrantzii'' – native, endemic *''Puccinellia tenella ssp. langeana'' – native *''Puccinellia vaginata'' – native *''Puccinellia vahliana'' – native *''Trisetum spicatum'' – native *''Vahlodea atropurpurea'' – native

Polemoniaceae

*''Polemonium boreale'' – native

Polygalaceae

*''Polygala serpyllifolia'' – probably introduced

Polygonaceae

*''Bistorta vivipara'' – native *''Fallopia convolvulus'' – introduced *''Koenigia islandica'' – native *''Oxyria digyna'' – native *''Persicaria lapathifolia'' – introduced *''Persicaria maculosa'' – introduced *''Polygonum aviculare'' ssp. ''boreale'' – introduced *''Rumex acetosella'' ssp. ''acetosella'' – introduced *''Rumex acetosella'' ssp. ''tenuifolius '' – native *''Rumex acetosella'' ssp. ''arenicola'' – native *''Rumex alpestris'' ssp. ''lapponicus'' – native *''Rumex longifolius'' – introduced *''Rumex obtusifolius'' – introduced

Polypodiaceae

*''Polypodium sibiricum'' – native

Portulacaceae

*''Montia fontana'' – native

Potamogetonaceae

*''Potamogeton alpinus'' ssp. ''tenuifolius'' – native *''Potamogeton gramineus'' – native *''Potamogeton groenlandicus'' – native, endemic *''Potamogeton natans'' – native *''Potamogeton perfoliatus'' ssp. ''perfoliatus'' – native *''Potamogeton praelongus'' – native *''Stuckenia filiformis ssp. alpina'' – native *''Stuckenia filiformis ssp. filiformis'' – native

Primulaceae

*''Androsace septentrionalis'' – native *''Primula egaliksensis'' – native *''Primula stricta'' – native

Ranunculaceae

*''Anemone richardsonii'' – native *''Batrachium confervoides'' – native *''Coptis trifoliata'' – native *''Ranunculus acris'' ssp. ''acris'' – native *''Ranunculus arcticus'' – native *''Ranunculus auricomus'' – native *''Ranunculus cymbalaria'' – native *''Ranunculus glacialis'' – native *''Ranunculus hyperboreus'' ssp. ''hyperboreus'' – native *''Ranunculus lapponicus'' – native *''Ranunculus nivalis'' – native *''Ranunculus pygmaeus'' – native *''Ranunculus repens'' – introduced *''Ranunculus reptans'' – native *''Ranunculus sabinei'' – native *''Ranunculus subrigidus'' *''Ranunculus sulphureus'' – native *''Thalictrum alpinum'' – native

Rosaceae

*''Acomastylis rossii'' – native *''Alchemilla alpina'' – native *''Alchemilla filicaulis'' – native *''Alchemilla glomerulans'' – native *''Alchemilla vestita'' – native *''Alchemilla wichurae'' – native *''Argentina anserina'' – native *''Argentina egedei'' ssp. ''egedei'' – native *''Comarum palustre'' – native *''Dryas integrifolia'' – native *''Dryas octopetala'' ssp. ''punctata'' – native *''Geum rivale'' – native *''Geum rossii'' *''Potentilla chamissonis'' – native *''Potentilla crantzii'' – native *''Potentilla hookeriana'' – native *''Potentilla hyparctica'' ssp. ''hyparctica'' – native *''Potentilla insularis'' – native *''Potentilla nivea'' ssp. ''nivea'' – native *''Potentilla nivea'' ssp. ''subquinata'' – native *''Potentilla norvegica'' ssp. ''norvegica'' – introduced *''Potentilla pulchella'' ssp. ''pulchella'' – native *''Potentilla ranunculus'' – native *''Potentilla rubella'' – native, endemic *''Potentilla rubricaulis'' – native *''Potentilla stipularis'' – native *''Potentilla vahliana'' – native *''Rubus chamaemorus'' – native *''Rubus idaeus'' ssp. ''idaeus'' – native *''Rubus saxatilis'' – native *''Sibbaldia procumbens'' – native *''Sibbaldiopsis tridentata'' – native

Rubiaceae

*''Galium album'' – introduced *''Galium aparine'' – introduced *''Galium boreale'' – native *''Galium brandegei'' – native *''Galium triflorum'' – native *''Galium uliginosum'' – introduced *''Galium verum'' – introduced

Salicaceae

*''Salix arctica'' – native *''Salix arctophila'' – native *''Salix glauca'' ssp. ''callicarpaea'' – native *''Salix glauca'' ssp. ''glauca'' – native *''Salix herbacea'' – native *''Salix reticulata'' – native *''Salix uva-ursi'' – native

Saxifragaceae

*''Chrysosplenium tetrandrum'' – native *''Micranthes stellaris'', syn. ''Saxifraga stellaris'' – native *''Saxifraga aizoides'' – native *''Saxifraga cernua'' – native *''Saxifraga cespitosa'' ssp. ''cespitosa'' – native *''Saxifraga foliolosa'' – native *''Saxifraga hieracifolia'' – native *''Saxifraga hirculus'' – native *''Saxifraga hyperborea'' – native *''Saxifraga nathorstii'' – native, endemic *''Saxifraga nivalis'' – native *''Saxifraga oppositifolia'' ssp. ''oppositifolia'' – native *''Saxifraga paniculata'' – native *''Saxifraga flagellaris, Saxifraga platysepala'' – native *''Saxifraga rivularis'' – native *''Saxifraga rosacea'' – native *''Saxifraga tenuis'' – native *''Saxifraga tricuspidata'' – native

Scrophulariaceae

*''Limosella aquatica'' – native *''Linaria vulgaris'' – introduced *''Verbascum thapsus'' – casual

Selaginellaceae

*''Selaginella rupestris'' – native *''Selaginella selaginoides'' – native

Sparganiaceae

*''Sparganium angustifolium'' – native *''Sparganium hyperboreum'' – native

Thelypteridaceae

*''Phegopteris connectilis'' – native

Urticaceae

*''Urtica dioica'' ssp. ''dioica'' – introduced *''Urtica urens'' – introduced

Violaceae

*''Viola adunca'' – native *''Viola arvensis'' – introduced *''Viola canina'' ssp. ''montana'' – native *''Viola palustris'' – native *''Viola selkirkii'' – native

Woodsiaceae

*''Athyrium distentifolium'' ssp. ''americanum'' – native *''Athyrium filix-femina'' ssp. ''angustum'' – native *''Cystopteris fragilis'' – native *''Cystopteris montana'' – native *''Gymnocarpium dryopteris'' – native *''Woodsia alpina'' – native *''Woodsia glabella'' – native *''Woodsia ilvensis'' – native

Zosteraceae

*''Zostera marina'' – native

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Flora Of Greenland Flora of Greenland, * Flora of the Arctic