''Flaveria chlorifolia'', the clasping yellowtops, is a North American plant species of ''

Flaveria ''Flaveria'' is a genus of plants in the family Asteraceae. They are sometimes called yellowtops. Some are annual or perennial herbs and some are shrubs. They bear yellow flowers in heads, with zero, one, or two ray florets in each head. These pl ...

'' within the family

Asteraceae The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...

. It is native to the southwestern United States (

New Mexico ) , population_demonym = New Mexican ( es, Neomexicano, Neomejicano, Nuevo Mexicano) , seat = Santa Fe , LargestCity = Albuquerque , LargestMetro = Tiguex , OfficialLang = None , Languages = English, Spanish ( New Mexican), Navajo, Ker ...

, western

Texas Texas (, ; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2 ...

) and northern Mexico (

Chihuahua Chihuahua may refer to: Places *Chihuahua (state), a Mexican state **Chihuahua (dog), a breed of dog named after the state **Chihuahua cheese, a type of cheese originating in the state **Chihuahua City, the capital city of the state **Chihuahua Mun ...

Coahuila Coahuila (), formally Coahuila de Zaragoza (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Coahuila de Zaragoza ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Coahuila de Zaragoza), is one of the 32 states of Mexico. Coahuila borders the Mexican states of N ...

Nuevo León Nuevo León () is a state in the northeast region of Mexico. The state was named after the New Kingdom of León, an administrative territory from the Viceroyalty of New Spain, itself was named after the historic Spanish Kingdom of León. With a ...

). ''Flaveria chlorifolia'' is a perennial herb up to 200 cm (80 inches or 6 2/3 feet) tall. One plant can sometimes produce 150 or more flower heads in a branching array, each head with 9-14 yellow disc flowers but no ray flowers.Flora of North America, ''Flaveria chlorifolia'' A. Gray, 1849. Clasping yellowtops
/ref>

Chemical composition

Quercetin-3-sulfate 3'-sulfotransferase In enzymology, a quercetin-3-sulfate 3'-sulfotransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + quercetin 3-sulfate \rightleftharpoons adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + quercetin 3,3'-bissulfate Thus, the ...

is an enzyme that uses 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate and

quercetin 3-sulfate Quercetin 3-sulfate is a plasma human metabolite of quercetin. It is the sulfate conjugate of quercetin. Quercetin-3-sulfate 3'-sulfotransferase is an enzyme that uses 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate and quercetin 3-sulfate to produce adenosine 3', ...

to produce

adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate is a form of an adenosine nucleotide with two phosphate groups attached to different carbons in the ribose ring. This is distinct from adenosine diphosphate, where the two phosphate groups are attached in a chain to th ...

and

quercetin 3,3'-bissulfate Quercetin is a plant flavonol from the flavonoid group of polyphenols. It is found in many fruits, vegetables, leaves, seeds, and grains; capers, red onions, and kale are common foods containing appreciable amounts of it. It has a bitter flavor a ...

. The enzyme can be found in ''F. chlorifolia''.

Ombuin 3-sulfate Ombuin is an O-methylated flavonol, a type of flavonoid. It is the 4',7-O-methyl derivative of quercetin. Ombuin can be found in species of the genus ''Erythroxylum''. It can also be synthesized. Ombuin 3-sulfate can be isolated from '' Flaveri ...

, the sulfate conjugate of

ombuin Ombuin is an O-methylated flavonol, a type of flavonoid. It is the 4',7-O-methyl derivative of quercetin. Ombuin can be found in species of the genus ''Erythroxylum''. It can also be synthesized. Ombuin 3-sulfate can be isolated from '' Flaveri ...

, can be isolated from ''F. chlorifolia''.Ombuin 3-sulphate from Flaveria chloraefolia. Denis Barron and Ragai K. Ibrahim, Phytochemistry, Volume 27, Issue 7, 1988, pages 2362-2363,

References

External links

''Flaveria chlorifolia'', Encyclopaedia of Lifephoto of herbarium specimen collected in Nuevo León in 1992
chlorifolia Flora of Northeastern Mexico Flora of the South-Central United States Taxa named by Asa Gray Flora without expected TNC conservation status {{Asteroideae-stub