Fiordovoye (, rus, Фио́рдовое, p=ˈfɪordovojʲɪ or rus, Фьо́рдовое, p=ˈfʲɪordovojʲɪ, ) is a

glacial lake A glacial lake is a body of water with origins from glacier activity. They are formed when a glacier erodes the land and then melts, filling the depression created by the glacier. Formation Near the end of the last glacial period, roughly 10,0 ...

on the island of the

October Revolution The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key moment ...

Severnaya Zemlya Severnaya Zemlya (russian: link=no, Сéверная Земля́ (Northern Land), ) is a archipelago in the Russian high Arctic. It lies off Siberia's Taymyr Peninsula, separated from the mainland by the Vilkitsky Strait. This archipelago ...

archipelago, administratively belongs to the

Krasnoyarsk Krai Krasnoyarsk Krai ( rus, Красноя́рский край, r=Krasnoyarskiy kray, p=krəsnɐˈjarskʲɪj ˈkraj) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), with its administrative center in the city of Krasnoyarsk, the third-largest city in Siber ...

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

. Within the island, Lake Fiordovoye is located between the edge of the Karpinsky

ice dome Glacier morphology, or the form a glacier takes, is influenced by temperature, precipitation, topography, and other factors. The goal of glacial morphology is to gain a better understanding of glaciated landscapes and the way they are shaped. Ty ...

in the east and the slopes of the valley on its western side. It is the largest inland lake of the island and, depending on the degree of spread of the glacier over its surface, may be the largest body of water in the archipelago. Its modern area is estimated from to . It has a jagged shape elongated along the glacier, up to km long, and is distinguished by significant depths up to . Its average height of the water level is a.s.l. The lake is of glacial erosion origin, a significant part of its depression is filled with the Karpinsky glacier. It is now generally accepted that the lake is at least partially dammed by a glacier in easterly direction towards the

Marat Fjord Marat Fjord (russian: Фьорд Марата, ''Fiord Marata''), is a fjord in Severnaya Zemlya, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia.GoogleEarth It is blocked by ice most of the year. History Although the shore of the island further north had been visited ...

and belongs to glacier-dammed lakes. Despite this, over almost a century of observations, there have been no significant changes in the water level in Lake Fiordovoye and there has not been a cessation of its usual water outflow. Therefore, it is quite probable that the reservoir is not a lake dammed by a glacier, but a near-glacial one. And due to the considerable depth of Fiordovoye, the fractions of the glacier are probably afloat in its basin, in which case the reservoir may also be classified as partially subglacial. The lake has very low temperatures of the water mass and almost permanent ice cover of great thickness; in some years, ice cover can persist throughout the year. In the colder climate of the last century, the lake was covered with perennial ice, which thawed only near the coast with dark rocks due to their better heating, and during the summer season there was only a decrease in ice thickness from three to one meter. In the modern period, the ice cover of the lake breaks up in August,, ''

Sentinel-2 Sentinel-2 is an Earth observation mission from the Copernicus Programme that systematically acquires optical imagery at high spatial resolution (10 m to 60 m) over land and coastal waters. The mission is currently a constellation with two satel ...

'' the time free from ice cover does not exceed one month. The floating ice remain until the next freezing of the reservoir, a significant part of it comes from the glacier in the east - the size of individual

iceberg An iceberg is a piece of freshwater ice more than 15 m long that has broken off a glacier or an ice shelf and is floating freely in open (salt) water. Smaller chunks of floating glacially-derived ice are called "growlers" or "bergy bits". The ...

s in the lake can reach . The flow of water from Lake Fiordovoye is carried out through the Ozernaya River, there are no significant inflowing rivers. Since the main inflow of water comes from the Karpinsky glacier, its volume is determined by the air temperature - in the case of a warm summer day, the water level can rise by in one day. Its drainage basin also includes several smaller lakes. Three ice-dammed reservoirs in the southeast direction belong to the lake trough of Fiordovoye, they are separated from it by glaciers and can become its bays when they retreat. Of these, two lakes, Lentochnoye ( rus, Ленточное) and Ostroye ( rus, Острое), were de facto bays of Fiordovoye in 2019, but they can separate from it in the event of glacier growth. Lake Ostroye has one inflowing tributary, the Kan'on river ( rus, Каньон, ), which brings water from the

University Glacier A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...

. Besides several creeks from the glacier, the main body of Fiordovoye has only one noticeable tributary in the north, which has no name and brings water from a smaller lake of the same nature near the Karpinsky glacier. The largest colony of

kittiwake The kittiwakes (genus ''Rissa'') are two closely related seabird species in the gull family Laridae, the black-legged kittiwake (''Rissa tridactyla'') and the red-legged kittiwake (''Rissa brevirostris''). The epithets "black-legged" and "red-l ...

s in the archipelago was recorded on the coastal rocks of Lake Fiordovoye, and species of glaucous gull,

guillemot Guillemot is the common name for several species of seabird in the Alcidae or auk family (part of the order Charadriiformes). In British use, the term comprises two genera: '' Uria'' and ''Cepphus''. In North America the ''Uria'' species ...

s and white gulls are also widespread.{{cite web , author = , url = http://zapovedsever.ru/other/prirodno-klimaticheskie-usloviya-zakaznika-severozemelskij , title = ПРИРОДНО-КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИЕ УСЛОВИЯ ЗАКАЗНИКА "СЕВЕРОЗЕМЕЛЬСКИЙ" , lang = ru , website = zapovedsever.ru , access-date = 2023-02-27 , archive-url = , archive-date = , ''Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Объединенная дирекция заповедников Таймыра»''

References

Biosphere reserves of Russia Taymyr Severnaya Zemlya Glacial lakes of Russia

See also

References