Proletariat is the name used to refer to three Polish political parties: *The First Proletariat (''International Social Revolutionary Party "Proletariat"'' (Polish: ) (1882–1886)), also called the Great Proletariat. *The Second Proletariat (''Social Revolutionary Party "Proletariat"'' (Polish: ) (1888–1893)), also called the Small Proletariat. *The Third Proletariat (''Polish Socialist Party "Proletariat"'' (Polish: ) (1900–1909)).

First Proletariat

The First Proletariat (or Great Proletariat) was the first Polish socialist party as well as the first socialist party in the Russian Empire. It was founded in 1882 by Ludwik Waryński from members of Warsaw At a meeting in Vilna in 1883, The First Proletariat joined with parties from other cities in creating a central committee composed of Waryński, Stanisław Kunicki,

Tadeusz Rechniewski Tadeusz Rechniewski (2 April 1862, Saint Petersburg – 21 July 1916, Warsaw) was a Polish revolutionary and one of the leaders of the First Proletariat party. Born into the nobility in St. Petersburg in 1862, Rechniewski began studying law at ...

, and others. Other important party activists were

Edmund Płoski Edmund is a masculine given name or surname in the English language. The name is derived from the Old English elements ''ēad'', meaning "prosperity" or "riches", and ''mund'', meaning "protector". Persons named Edmund include: People Kings an ...

Maria Bohuszewiczówna Maria Stefania Bohuszewiczówna (1865–1887) was a Polish revolutionary and a leader of the First Proletariat party. Bohuszewiczówna was born on January 4, 1865, in the village of Ceperce (near Slutsk in what is now Belarus). She moved to War ...

, Marian Stefan Ulrych,

Aleksandra Jentysówna Alexandra () is the feminine form of the given name Alexander (, ). Etymologically, the name is a compound of the Greek verb (; meaning 'to defend') and (; GEN , ; meaning 'man'). Thus it may be roughly translated as "defender of man" or "pr ...

, and

Henryk Dulęba Henryk may refer to: * Henryk (given name) * Henryk, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, a village in south-central Poland * Henryk Glacier, an Antarctic glacier See also * Henryk Batuta hoax, an internet hoax * Henrykian articles The Henrician Article ...

. In March 1884 the First Proletariat formed an alliance with the People's Will and embraced political and economic terror as a means to combat autocracy. The party supported proletarian internationalism and opposed the Polish independence movement. In 1883-1884 several of the chief activists were arrested and the party lost much of its power.

Rosa Luxemburg Rosa Luxemburg (; ; pl, Róża Luksemburg or ; 5 March 1871 – 15 January 1919) was a Polish and naturalised-German revolutionary socialist, Marxist philosopher and anti-war activist. Successively, she was a member of the Proletariat party, ...

, a prominent Polish revolutionary socialist, joined Proletariat in 1886. In July of the same year, the party was crushed as many of its remaining members were imprisoned or executed. The First Proletariat disbanded that year, but many of its traditions would be continued by the Second Proletariat.

Second Proletariat

The Second Proletariat (or Small Proletariat) was founded in 1888 by merging the remaining organisation of the First Proletarian (led by Marcin Kasprzak) and a student group led by

Ludwik Kulczycki Ludwik () is a Polish given name. Notable people with the name include: * Ludwik Czyżewski, Polish WWII general * Ludwik Fleck (1896–1961), Polish medical doctor and biologist * Ludwik Gintel (1899–1973), Polish-Israeli Olympic soccer play ...

. A notable member of the Second Proletariat was

, who joined it in 1886. The Second Proletariat also embraced terror as means to combat autocracy. Representatives of the Second Proletariata participated in the founding congress of the Second International in Paris in 1889. In 1891 a faction emerged in the party which opposed the tactics of terror. In 1893 the party merged with three other parties to create the Polish Socialist Party.

Third Proletariat

The Third Proletariat was created in 1900 as a splinter group of the Polish Socialist Party. It was led by Ludwik Kulczycki and, beset by Tsarist repression, ceased operations in 1909.

References

* Орехов А. М. Социал-демократическое движение в России и польские революционеры. Orekhov A. Social Democratic movement in Russia and the Polish revolutionaries. 1887—1893 гг. 1887–1893 years. М., 1973 MA, 1973 * Baumgarten L. Dzieje Wielkiego Proletariatu. Baumgarten L. Dzieje Wielkiego Proletariatu. Warszawa 1966 Warszawa 1966 * Targalski J. Geneza Polskiej Partii Socjalistycznej Proletariat. Targalski J. Geneza Polskiej Partii Socjalistycznej Proletariat. «Z pola walki», 1973, № 2—3. «Z pola walki», 1973, № 2-3. Political parties established in 1882 Political parties established in 1888 Political parties established in 1900 1886 disestablishments 1893 disestablishments Political parties disestablished in 1909 Congress Poland History of socialism Political history of Poland Socialist parties in Europe Second International Polish revolutionary organisations {{Europe-socialist-party-stub