![Brass and alumilium couplings](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Brass_and_alumilium_couplings.JPG)
A hose coupling is a
connector on the end of a
hose to connect (or ''couple'') it with another hose or with a
tap or a hose appliance, such as an
irrigation sprinkler
An irrigation sprinkler (also known as a water sprinkler or simply a sprinkler) is a device used to irrigate (water) agricultural crops, lawns, landscapes, golf courses, and other areas. They are also used for cooling and for the control of airbo ...
. It is usually made of
steel,
brass
Brass is an alloy of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), in proportions which can be varied to achieve different mechanical, electrical, and chemical properties. It is a substitutional alloy: atoms of the two constituents may replace each other wit ...
,
stainless steel,
aluminium
Aluminium (aluminum in American and Canadian English) is a chemical element with the symbol Al and atomic number 13. Aluminium has a density lower than those of other common metals, at approximately one third that of steel. I ...
or
plastic
Plastics are a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic materials that use polymers as a main ingredient. Their plasticity makes it possible for plastics to be moulded, extruded or pressed into solid objects of various shapes. This adaptab ...
.
Due to the great variety of the designs and the number of countries in which they were created, it is difficult to trace the origin of many. Patents that cover designs similar to those below include:
* 1876: HOSE-COUPLING, No.175,232.
* Coupling for hose and pipe. US 894900 A
* 1915: Coupling. US 1248558 A
* 1931: Coupling. US 1947593 A (claw-types)
Threaded coupler types
Garden hose thread
See
Garden hose thread
A garden hose, hosepipe, or simply hose is a flexible tube used to convey water. There are a number of common attachments available for the end of the hose, such as sprayers and sprinklers (which are used to concentrate water at one point or ...
. See also
Hoselink and
Hozelock
Hozelock Ltd was originally set up by Sydney Codling in 1959 to sell hoses and garden equipment including the first plastic quick-connector hose connector. As well as manufacturing the equipment in the Haddenham factory they also designed many ...
plastic click-on connectors.
GFR
NF E 29-579 GFR
Ground joint
A "boss" ground joint coupling
valve
A valve is a device or natural object that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. Valves are technically fitting ...
hose coupling, primarily used for
compressed air or
steam. It consists of a stem, wing nut and spud. It seals as a soft copper seat located in the spud is drawn against the stem by tightening the wing nut.
Holedall
Holedall (a.k.a. Mulconry, Scovill, or Rostra) dock hose couplings are built to the BS EN 1765:2004 "Rubber hose assemblies for oil suction and discharge services Specification for the assemblies", commonly known as dock hoses.
These are internally swaged hose couplings and commonly found on larger diameter fuel oil hoses used in higher pressure applications or where the hose is exposed to higher end pull, ''e.g.'', Oil Suction & Discharge (OS&D) hose).
[Distributed by Dixon Valve & Coupling Company in the United States, http://www.dixonvalve.com/] They are installed with special hydraulic ram machinery and special dies.
Holedall IX internally expanded (internally swaged) hose coupling is used in higher pressure applications, or where the hose is exposed to higher end pull, or where a full flow is required.
They are installed with special hydraulic drawbar machinery, using special pull plugs.
NH
National Hose thread (NH), also known as National Standard Thread (NST). It is the most common type of fire hose coupling used in the United States. The male and female straight (non-tapered) threads screw together and the connection is sealed with a
gasket
Some seals and gaskets
A gasket is a mechanical seal which fills the space between two or more mating surfaces, generally to prevent leakage from or into the joined objects while under compression. It is a deformable material that is used to c ...
.
The type of threaded coupling with a pin-lug swivel used on fire hoses was first manufactured prior to 1873 in the U.S.:
* Unknown patent by Charles W. Emery, dated July 11, 1865,
* 1874: Hose-Couplings, No. 149,029 by W. A. Caswell
* 1874: Hose-Couplings, No. 149,441 by W. A. Caswell, describes a method of casting the hose tail inside the coupler, so that it can pivot but not be detached.
* 1876: HOSE-COUPLING, No.175,232.
UNI
UNI
Uni or UNI may refer to:
Entertainment
*Uni Records, a division of MCA, formally called Universal City Records
*"U.N.I.", a song by Ed Sheeran from ''+'' (''Plus'')
*Uni, a species in the Neopets Trading Card Game
*Uni, a character in the anim ...
Fire Fittings are used in Italy, and available in several sizes, including UNI 25, UNI 45, and UNI 70.
Non-threaded gendered coupler types
Camlock
A camlock, also called
cam and groove, is a
quick connect
Quick, as an adjective, refers to something moving with high speed.
Quick may also refer to:
In business
* Quick (restaurant), a Belgian fast-food restaurant chain
* Quick (sportswear), a Dutch manufacturer of sportswear
* Quick (automobile) ...
fluid transfer
In physics, a fluid is a liquid, gas, or other material that continuously deforms (''flows'') under an applied shear stress, or external force. They have zero shear modulus, or, in simpler terms, are substances which cannot resist any shear ...
hose coupling that consists of a male "adapter" and female "coupler". The adapter has a groove on the outside that is engaged by the "cam arms" on the outside of the coupler to effect a seal against the
gasket
Some seals and gaskets
A gasket is a mechanical seal which fills the space between two or more mating surfaces, generally to prevent leakage from or into the joined objects while under compression. It is a deformable material that is used to c ...
inside the "coupler". They are commonly used for petroleum or chemical applications. Specified by Mil-C-27487 / A-A-59326A / EN 14420-7 / DIN 2828.
Perrot Cardan coupling
Similar in appearance to Bauer couplings, but not compatible with them. Used in agricultural, irrigation, cleaning, and construction industries, but most commonly for water, mortar, bitumen, and bulk products.
British Instantaneous coupling
Also called
John Morris Coupling, BS336 Instantaneous fire couplings are similar in design to the camlock fittings, and are used by; UK, Irish, New Zealand, Indian & Hong Kong fire brigades. They are available in two sizes: ″ INST (FETA, only available with 38 mm hose tails) and ″ INST (BS336).
Hozelock
In 1959
Hozelock Ltd in the United Kingdom invented and patented the international standard plastic, click-on style, push-fit hose end connector now used with garden hoses. The concept was developed to replace metal hose end connectors in coal mines, which were prone to cause static sparks and the possibility of methane gas explosions. All-metal versions of the connector (and compatible with the plastic versions) are now in common use for garden hoses. The system is now universally used by gardeners throughout the world. The Hozelock brand adapters are typically available with
BSP threads, while the compatible Gardena brand, sold mostly in the U.S., uses ¾-11.5NH (
Garden hose thread
A garden hose, hosepipe, or simply hose is a flexible tube used to convey water. There are a number of common attachments available for the end of the hose, such as sprayers and sprinklers (which are used to concentrate water at one point or ...
) threads. There are two different sizes of the connectors available, with the larger one being rare and mainly used on ″ hoses.
Leverlock
A cam and lock-like coupler, used in the agricultural industry. Also known by the brand names of manufacturers, including Bauer, Perrot, and Miller/Ferrari. Available in sizes ranging from 2″ to 12″.
Machino
A Japanese quick connect and disconnect coupling used on fire hoses in
Japan and defined by JIS B9911; available in several sizes: 25A (1″), 40A (″), 50A (″), 65A (2" ), 75A (3″).
Tankwagen flange couplings
a.k.a. TW couplings, or tanker couplings, these were originally defined by DIN 28450, but are now specified by EN ISO 14420-6. The couplings are widely used in the petrochemical, chemical, and food industries.
Quick-connect garden hose couplings
A variety of manufacturers sell the same style quick-connect garden hose coupling. The design is similar in concept to the plastic Hozelock design, in that the female coupling has a spring-loaded outside barrel that locks onto the male coupling, but both couplers are usually made of brass and the male coupling lacks the rubber O-ring found on the Hozelock couplers.
Non-threaded genderless coupler types
Many of these couplings are of the so-called "claw" type. Some of the information below has been taken from commercial product catalogs and specifications.
Air King
The "Air King" universal air hose coupling, also known as a "
Chicago style" fitting, is
malleable
Ductility is a mechanical property commonly described as a material's amenability to drawing (e.g. into wire). In materials science, ductility is defined by the degree to which a material can sustain plastic deformation under tensile stres ...
iron or brass "
quarter turn
A turn is a unit of plane angle measurement equal to radians, 360 degrees or 400 gradians.
Subdivisions of a turn include half-turns, quarter-turns, centiturns, milliturns, etc.
The closely related terms ''cycle'' and ''revol ...
" "
sexless coupling" usually found on large
pneumatic tools like
jackhammer
A jackhammer (pneumatic drill or demolition hammer in British English) is a pneumatic or electro-mechanical tool that combines a hammer directly with a chisel. It was invented by William Mcreavy, who then sold the patent to Charles Brady King ...
s.
The fitting is considered "universal", because a common two-lug head is used on all sizes ranging from .
Barcelona
This coupling is used by
Spanish
Spanish might refer to:
* Items from or related to Spain:
**Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain
**Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries
**Spanish cuisine
Other places
* Spanish, Ontario, Can ...
firefighters, and is defined by Spanish Standard UNE 23400. It is a sexless coupling with three engaging lugs, and is available in several different sizes, including Barcelona 25 (25 mm hose ID), Barcelona 45 (45 mm hose ID), and Barcelona 70 (70 mm hose ID).
Suitable for delivery (pressure) only, not suction.
DSP
A French hose coupling, compatible with Guillemin couplings, but used for different purposes. Conforms to NF S61-704 and NF S61-705. Available in the following sizes:
* DSP ND 40 Suitable for delivery (pressure) only, not suction.
* DSP ND 65 Suitable for delivery (pressure) only, not suction.
* AR ND 100 Suitable for delivery (pressure) and suction.
European air coupling
Defined by DIN 3238, DIN 3489 (combines DIN 3481, 3482, 3483, 3484, and 3485), and DIN 11204 (with hole for safety clip), these look similar to Express and Geka couplings, but have a 42 mm distance between the claws.
Express coupling
![Express](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Express.png)
Very similar in appearance to GEKA couplings, but not compatible with them, because Express couplings have a 41 mm distance between the claws. These are defined by NF E 29-573. Used for both water and air.
Forestry coupling
Developed by the Canada Metal Company for the Canadian wildfire firefighters in 1977 to overcome issues of snagging and water volume loss associated with the smaller-diameter Storz couplings, these couplings are now specified for use by Canadian, U.S., and Australian wildland fire departments. The coupling design is specified by CAN/ULC-S551-13 (25 mm and 38 mm forged couplers), CAN/ULC-S558-13 (25 mm and 38 mm non-forged couplers), and ULC/CAN-S574 (64 mm forged couplers), as well as USFDA 5100-192 (US Forest Service) and available for use with 19 mm, 25 mm, 38 mm, and 64 mm hose sizes. Note that Wajax Manufacturing submitted a competing design, but was not selected, so referring to these fittings as "Ajax couplers" is incorrect.
Geka steam hose coupling
This is a sexless quarter-turn bayonet hose coupler, originally manufactured by the Karasto company distinguishable by the gasket profile, which has a flat outer ring enclosing a domed middle section, as well as the distance between the claws being 40 mm. Sometimes called a "swift quick release coupling" or "claw coupling". This is based on the design of the Giersberg fire extinguisher coupling (predecessor to the Storz coupling), and was developed by Julius Oehler in the late 1920s, and was patented in 1932. The name GEKA is formed from the combination of Giersberg and Karasto. These couplings are used mostly for gardening and irrigation, but New Zealand uses them for some wildland fire fighting.
GOST
A sexless coupling, a.k.a. Bogdan coupler, used on fire hoses in
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
and defined by
GOST
GOST (russian: ГОСТ) refers to a set of International standard, international Technical standard, technical Standardization, standards maintained by the ''Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (EASC)'', a region ...
R 53279-2009, available in several sizes, including
DN 25, DN 40, DN 50, DN 65, DN 70, DN 80, DN 100, DN 125, and DN 150.
Guillemin symmetrical clutch
![Sme brass guillemin](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Sme_brass_guillemin.jpg)
The Guillemin symmetrical clutch, also called Guillemin coupling, is widely used in
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
and in
Belgium
Belgium, ; french: Belgique ; german: Belgien officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to th ...
to couple hoses and resembles a
DSP coupling, which is used in firefighting. It can be fastened by hand, but it is also possible to use a
tricoise wrench. It has quarter-turn closing and is sexless (symmetrical). It may be fabricated from aluminum, stainless steel, brass or polypropylene. The standard for this kind of coupling is EN14420-8/NF E 29-572, and there is a special standard DIN14420-8 for unique assemblies with ferrule and safety clamp.
![Tuyaux_de_45_et_70](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Tuyaux_de_45_et_70.jpg)
Guillemin couplings are available in the following sizes:
* Guillemin 20
* Guillemin 25
* Guillemin 40
* Guillemin 50
* Guillemin 60
* Guillemin 65
* Guillemin 80
* Guillemin 100
* Guillemin 150
Hoselink
Hose link is a 1/4-turn bayonet-mount garden hose connection, which uses an o-ring to o-ring seal. It was designed by Hoselink, Pty, Ltd., Australia, and patented in 1998. It is popular in Australia, with limited distribution in the UK and the US, where it is distributed by Dayco Products, Inc.
Nakajima
A quarter-turn, sexless coupling used on fire hoses in Japan, defined by JIS F-7335, and available in several sizes, including: JIS 40A, JIS 50A, and JIS 65A.
NOR:las
Norway uses NOR fittings for attack hoses. They come in three sizes: NOR 1 (83 or 84 mm; 2½"), NOR 2 (65 or 66 mm; 2"), and NOR 3 (50 or 55 mm; 1½"). NOR 2 is mostly used in the maritime and offshore oil industry.
Nunan and Stove
A UK fire hose fitting, used mostly by the Minister of Defence, available in the following sizes: N&S 1½″, N&S 2″, N&S 2½″, and N&S 3″.
ROTTA 3-lugs
A Russian coupling similar in appearance to Barcelona fittings, available in two sizes: Rotta 50 and Rotta 70.
SFS
![Firehose](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Firehose.jpg)
Finnish SFS couplers are similar to GEKA couplers, and come in three diameters, DN 50, DN 80 and DN 100, with each being offered with a range of hose tail diameters, including 13 mm to 52 mm for the DN 50 size, 65 mm and 75 mm for the DN 80 size, 102 mm and 110 mm for the DN 100 size.
SMS 63 FORM
Short for Swedish Metric Standard, this Swedish hose coupling is available in two sizes: SMS 32 and SMS 63.
Storz
A Storz coupling is a quarter-turn or sexless coupling, commonly used to connect to
fire hydrant
A fire hydrant, waterplug, or firecock (archaic) is a connection point by which firefighters can tap into a water supply. It is a component of active fire protection. Underground fire hydrants have been used in Europe and Asia since at least t ...
s. It is easy to connect, has no particular male or female end, and lugs are on the inside of the joint. This is the standard coupling on fire hoses in
Denmark
)
, song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast")
, song_type = National and royal anthem
, image_map = EU-Denmark.svg
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of Denmark
, establish ...
,
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
,
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
,
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
,
Switzerland,
Sweden, the
Netherlands
)
, anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands
, established_title = Before independence
, established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
and Greece. It is also widely used in Australia. It can be manufactured by
casting
Casting is a manufacturing process in which a liquid material is usually poured into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify. The solidified part is also known as a ''casting'', which is ejected ...
for general hose connection and low pressure applications, but for firefighting, it is better to use
forging
Forging is a manufacturing process involving the shaping of metal using localized compressive forces. The blows are delivered with a hammer (often a power hammer) or a die. Forging is often classified according to the temperature at which i ...
s to guarantee the safety and durability of the coupling.
Storz couplings are available in several sizes, supporting hoses with an internal diameter of between 12 and 250 mm, and are specified by DIN standards 14301, 14321, 14322, and 14323 (hose couplings); DIN standards 14306, 14307, 14308, and 14309 (threaded adapters); DIN standards 14341, 14342, and 14343 (swivel reducers); and DIN standards 14310, 14311, 14312, and 14313 (caps).
First patented: Switzerland, Patent No. 3,134, published November 26, 1890
U.S. patent: US489107 A published Jan 3, 1893
Flanged couplings
Tri-Clamp Connection
Stainless steel tri-clamp fittings create a quick clamp union for sanitary, leak proof connections. Completed with clamp and gasket to mate the two ends. Clamp connections can be secured without the use of tools when using wing nut style clamps. Primarily utilized in food, beverage and pharmaceutical industries.
Specified by DIN 32676 / SMS 1145 / RJT BS:4825 / IDF.
ISC International Shore Connection
A defined flange that can have any of several of the above couplers installed.
Miscellaneous
Safety clamps
Specified by EN 14420-3 / DIN 1817, and also specified by EN 14420-5 / DIN 2817.
Wire fittings
BS 6391:2009 specifies how to use wire to attach hose couplings to layflat hoses.
See also
*
AN thread
The AN thread (also A-N) is a particular type of fitting used to connect flexible hoses and rigid metal tubing that carry fluid. It is a US military-derived specification that dates back to World War II and stems from a joint standard agreed upon ...
*
Gladhand connector
A gladhand connector or gladhand coupler is an interlocking hose coupling fitted to hoses supplying pressurized air from a tractor unit to air brakes on a semi-trailer, or from a locomotive to railway air brakes on railroad cars. Gladhand conn ...
—used on railroad car brake systems
*
*
Hose barb
Hose barbs are cylindrical pieces or parts for attaching and securing of hoses (tubing). The barb-like rings on the cylindrical piece allow for an easy push-connection of flexible-plastic or rubber tubing that is not so easily disconnected. Hose ...
*
Hose clamp
A hose clamp (hose clip, hose lock or Jubilee clip (UK)) is a device used to attach and seal a hose onto a fitting such as a barb or nipple.
Types
Many types are available, including :
Screw/band (worm gear) clamps
Screw clamps consist of a ...
*
Jubilee Clip
A Jubilee Clip is a genericised brand name for a worm drive hose clamp, a type of band clamp, consisting of a circular metal band or strip combined with a worm gear fixed to one end. It is designed to hold a soft, pliable hose onto a rigid cir ...
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hose Coupling
Seals (mechanical)
Hoses
Firefighting equipment