''Finance'', or ''The Fascinating Game of Finance'' or ''Finance and Fortune'', is a

board game Board games are tabletop games that typically use . These pieces are moved or placed on a pre-marked board (playing surface) and often include elements of table, card, role-playing, and miniatures games as well. Many board games feature a comp ...

originally released in

1932 Events January * January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel. * January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident (1932), Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort ...

. The game is based on ''

The Landlord's Game ''The Landlord's Game'' is a board game patented in 1904 by Elizabeth Magie as . It is a realty and taxation game intended to educate users about Georgism. It is the inspiration for the 1935 board game ''Monopoly (game), Monopoly''. History I ...

'' in the movement of pieces around the board, the use of cards, properties that can be purchased, and houses that can be erected on them. The game also has railroads; however, these may not be purchased. The game is a predecessor to ''

Monopoly A monopoly (from Greek language, Greek el, μόνος, mónos, single, alone, label=none and el, πωλεῖν, pōleîn, to sell, label=none), as described by Irving Fisher, is a market with the "absence of competition", creating a situati ...

''.

Overview of game

The game begins with each player on "Cash Here" with $1925. Properties clockwise around the board begin with low value to high value purchase prices, with costs for additional houses and rents also increasing. Players move again on doubles, with no limit on numbers of doubles that may be thrown, and if a player lands on another player, the original player moves back five spaces, with the same effect as if the player had landed on that space originally. Players may trade properties or sell them back to the bank, but may not mortgage property. If a player is unable to pay, all their property is returned to the bank, and the player is out. The game continues until only one player is left. An alternate rule establishes a time limit and players total up their wealth.

History

''Finance''

''Finance'' was created by Dan Layman who played, with Louis, Louis and Fred Thun's version of the auction-monopoly games that had been spawned from ''

'' at Williams College in

Reading, PA Reading ( ; Pennsylvania Dutch: ''Reddin'') is a city in and the county seat of Berks County, Pennsylvania, United States. The city had a population of 95,112 as of the 2020 census and is the fourth-largest city in Pennsylvania after Philadel ...

. When the Thuns wanted to patent their game they found the ''Landlord's Game'' patent and only copyrighted their rule additions (additional railroads own double rent, Community Chest, paying $50 to get out of jail). With the ''Monopoly'' name and game then in the public domain, Layman decided to call the game ''Finance''. With L. S. Ayres & Co. then Electronics Laboratories, Layman published the game for a year before selling it to Knapp Electric for $200. Initially, the game was sold in small black boxes (some of which came with poker chips for money) with four different versions of the rules. Otherwise, it was almost identical to ''Monopoly'' including

Chance and Community Chest cards ''Monopoly'' is a multi-player economics-themed board game. In the game, players roll two dice to move around the game board, buying and trading properties and developing them with houses and hotels. Players collect rent from their opponents, a ...

. It is said that Layman taught Ruth Hoskins, who moved to

Atlantic City Atlantic City, often known by its initials A.C., is a coastal resort city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States. The city is known for its casinos, Boardwalk (entertainment district), boardwalk, and beaches. In 2020 United States censu ...

and played it there using local Atlantic City streets. One theory on the street names chosen is that these were the streets players lived on with a couple of later changes of South Carolina to North Carolina and Arctic to Mediterranean. Pete Daggett Jr., a friend of Dan Layman, actually taught Ruth Hoskins. Hoskins then moved to Atlantic City to teach school in 1932 and created the Atlantic City version in the late 1930s with her friends. Eugene and Ruth Raiford, friends of Hoskins, showed the game to Charles E. Todd, a hotel manager in Germantown, Pennsylvania. Todd introduced Charles and Esther Darrow to the game. The Darrows were occasional hotel guests; Esther was Todd's former neighbor. With Parker Brothers taking over for Darrow in publishing his ''Monopoly'' game in 1935, Parker Brothers purchased ''Finance'' from Knapp for $10,000. Parker Brothers changed ''Finance'' so it was less similar to ''Monopoly'' and published it under the Finance Game Company name in 1935. Parker Brothers made additional changes in 1936 and published it with the Parker Brothers name.

''Fortune''

During 1935, Parker Brothers was developing its own version of ''Monopoly'', ''Fortune'', in case its deal with Darrow and the patent fell through. Almost an exact copy of ''Monopoly'', ''Fortune'' had only 10,000 copies made due to the deal with Darrow working out and was only published to keep the trademark to the name. Also in 1935, ''Finance'' outsold ''Monopoly''.

''Finance and Fortune''

With Parker Brothers wishing to hold on to the trademark on ''Fortune'', the second version of ''Finance'' by Parker Brothers was named ''Finance and Fortune''. With its 1958 edition, the game's name reverted to ''Finance'' as they developed a new marble game having the "Fortune" name. The last known version was printed in 1962.

Known changes

Known changes between the original and the Parker Brother editions: *removed Community Chest *dropped colored property groups *Rent chart card replaced the Property Cards *colored standard pawns changed to colored different shaped pawns *properties renamed *property purchase prices increased

References

External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Finance (Game) Board games introduced in 1932 Economic simulation board games Parker Brothers games