Fethiye 2020-03-15-4

Fethiye () is a city and district of Muğla Province in the Aegean Region of Turkey. It is one of the prominent tourist destinations in the Turkish Riviera. In 2019 its population was 162,686.

History

Fethiye was formerly known as Makri (). Modern Fethiye is located on the site of the ancient city of Telmessos, the ruins of which can be seen in the city, e.g. the Hellenistic theatre by the main quay.

A Lycian legend explains the source of the name Telmessos as follows: The god Apollo falls in love with the youngest daughter of the King of Phoenicia, Agenor. He disguises himself as a small dog and thus, gains the love of the shy, withdrawn daughter. After he reappears as a handsome man, they have a son, who they name 'Telmessos' (the land of lights).

The city became part of the Persian Empire after the invasion of the Persian general Harpagos in 547 BC, along with other Lycian and Carian cities. Telmessos then joined the Attic-Delos Union (Delian League) established in mid-5th century BC. and, although it later left the union and became an independent city, it continued its relations with the union until the 4th century BC.

Very little is known of the city during the Byzantine times. Surviving buildings attest to considerable prosperity during late Antiquity, but most were abandoned in the 7th–8th centuries due to the Arab-Byzantine Wars. The city was fortified in the 8th century, and appears as "Telmissos or Anastasioupolis" ca. 800. By the 10th century, the ancient name was forgotten and it became known as Makre or Makri (Μάκρη, "long one"), from the name of the island at the entrance to the harbour.Diana Darke, ''Guide to Aegean and Mediterranean Turkey'', M. Haag, 1986, 296 pages. Page 165
The town grew considerably at the end of the 19th century, and until the exchange of Greco-Turkish populations in 1923 it had a large Greek population. Its name at that time was Makri in modern Greek.
/ref> There are signs of renewed prosperity in the 12-13th centuries: the city walls were enlarged, a report from 1106 names Makre a centre for perfume production, and geographical works from the 13th century describe the city as a commercial center. The area fell to the Turks in the late 12th or early 13th century.

Telmessos was ruled by the Anatolian beylik of Menteşe starting in 1284, under the name ''Beskaza''.

It became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1424, and was called مكرى ''Meğri'' until 1934.Tahir Sezen, ''Osmanlı Yer Adları'', Ankara 2017, T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü Yayın No: 2
''s.v.'' Fethiye, Meğri, pp. 270, 539
/ref>

The town grew considerably in the 19th century, and had a large Greek population at that time. Following the population exchange between Greece and Turkey, the Greeks of Makri were sent to Greece where they founded the town of Nea Makri (New Makri) in Greece. The town was resettled with Turks from Greece. At nearby Kayaköy, formerly Levissi, the abandoned Greek Orthodox church is still standing.

In 1934, the city was renamed Fethiye in honor of Captain Fethi Bey, one of the first pilots of the Ottoman Air Force, who died (together with First Lieutenant Sadık Bey) during an airplane crash on 27 February 1914 near Al-Samra, while attempting to complete the first flight from Istanbul to Cairo.

On 3 August 1953, Air France Flight 152, while en route from Rome to Beirut, ditched into the Gulf of Fethiye off Kızılada. Of the 8 crew and 34 passengers on board, four drowned. The survivors were hosted by the residents during their stay in the town.

Fethiye has experienced many powerful and occasionally destructive earthquakes, most notably the 1957 Fethiye earthquakes on 24–25 April with 67 casualties and 3,200 damaged or destroyed buildings, which constituted 90% of the buildings in the entire city. The town has been rebuilt since then and now has a modern harbor and a marina.

On 14 January 1969, Fethiye was struck by an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.2, which caused no deaths, but there were some injuries and significant damage to buildings.

On 10 June 2012, an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.1, struck Fethiye. There was no loss of life, but there were some injuries and many houses and workplaces were damaged.

Tourism

Fethiye is one of Turkey's well-known tourist centers and is especially popular during the summer. The Fethiye Museum, which is rich in ancient and more recent artifacts, displays and testifies to the successive chain of civilizations that existed in the area, starting with the ancient Lycians.

Some of the historical sites worth visiting are: Kadyanda (Cadyanda) ancient city, Kayaköy - the abandoned Greek village, Afkule, Gemiler and Aya Nikola.
Fethiye is also home to the Tomb of Amyntas, a large tomb built in 350 BC by the Lycians.

Most popular touristic towns of Fethiye are: Ölüdeniz, Calis Beach area, Hisarönu and Ovacık. Butterfly Valley is in the Fethiye district.

The island of Kızılada in the Gulf of Fethiye, off the city, is a popular stopover for boat tours. Alternatively, there are great diving sites, Afkule being one of the most famous. The Kızılada Lighthouse on the island houses a seafood restaurant and a hostel with nine rooms.

Gallery

File:Fethiye 2020-03-15-3.jpg, A view from central Fethiye
File:Fethiye Museum 5655.jpg, Fethiye Museum Ceramic
File:Fethiye museum 7003.jpg, Gold ceremonial bowl
File:Fethiye museum 6999.jpg, Gold laurel wreath
File:Fethiye museum 7008.jpg, Bilingual inscription
File:Fethiye museum 7017.jpg, Dolls
File:Fethiye Museum 5644.jpg, Kakasbos
File:Fethiye museum 7019.jpg, Lagynos
File:Fethiye museum 7022.jpg, Hadrian statue
File:Fethiye museum 7042.jpg, Girl statue
File:Fethiye museum 7050.jpg, Letoon temple floor decoration
File:Lycian Sarcophagus Fethiye - Mugla - Asia Minor, Turkey - πρώην Μάκρη, Μικρά Ασία, Τουρκία - panoramio.jpg, Lycian rock tomb in Fethiye (4th century BCE)

Climate

Fethiye has a Mediterranean climate consisting of very hot, long and dry summers with an average of 34 °C (93 °F) in the daytime, winters are cool and rainy with a daytime average of 16 °C (61 °F).

Transport

Dalaman Airport serves the Fethiye areas. The most common type of public transportation in Fethiye and nearby area is minibus. It is called here dolmus (dol-moosh) and numerous routes connect Fethiye with Ölüdeniz, Yaniklar, Kargi, Hisaronu, Ovacik, Seydikemer, Karaçulha.Getting around in Fethiye
The advantages and disadvantages of most popular ways of getting around in Fethiye and area nearby.

Areas

The overall metropolitan area of the city of Fethiye stretches inland from the harbor for more than 11 km, incorporating several villages into the city. To the north of the city center is the area of Çalış Plajı (Beach), which incorporates the main street of Barış Manço Bulvarı alongside an extensive promenade along the coast, on which a lot of hotels are based. This beach serves as Fethiye's beach in its own right, since Fethiye does not actually have one itself. To the east, lie the areas of Günlükbaşı, Çamköy, Cumhuriyet, and also Esenköy to the south-east. The city center is defined as the area between the Marina and the Fethiye Market near the football stadium. Approximately 4 km to the south-west and south respectively, lie the towns of Kayaköy and Ölüdeniz, the latter being world-famous for its beach spit and associated Blue Lagoon. The opportunity to para glide is available from the mountain of Babadağ next to Ölüdeniz.

See also

*Marinas in Turkey
*Göcek, Fethiye
*Seydikemer
*Kayaköy

References

External links

{{Authority control

Cities in Turkey
Populated coastal places in Turkey
Mediterranean port cities and towns in Turkey
Turkish Riviera
Populated places in Muğla Province
Mediterranean Region, Turkey
Districts of Muğla Province
Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey
Greece–Ottoman Empire relations
Greece–Turkey relations
Former Greek towns in Turkey