Ferrotitanium is a

ferroalloy Ferroalloy refers to various alloys of iron with a high proportion of one or more other elements such as manganese (Mn), aluminium (Al), or silicon (Si). They are used in the production of steels and alloys. The alloys impart distinctive qualitie ...

, an alloy of

iron Iron () is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from la, ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. It is, by mass, the most common element on Earth, right in f ...

and

titanium Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. Found in nature only as an oxide, it can be reduced to produce a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength, resistant to corrosion in ...

with between 10–20% iron and 45–75% titanium and sometimes a small amount of carbon. It is used in

steelmaking Steelmaking is the process of producing steel from iron ore and carbon/or scrap. In steelmaking, impurities such as nitrogen, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur and excess carbon (the most important impurity) are removed from the sourced iron, and all ...

as a cleansing agent for iron and steel; the titanium is highly reactive with sulfur, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen, forming insoluble compounds and sequestering them in

slag Slag is a by-product of smelting (pyrometallurgical) ores and used metals. Broadly, it can be classified as ferrous (by-products of processing iron and steel), ferroalloy (by-product of ferroalloy production) or non-ferrous/base metals (by-prod ...

, and is therefore used for

deoxidizing Deoxidization is a method used in metallurgy to remove the oxygen content during steel manufacturing. In contrast, antioxidants are used for stabilization, such as in the storage of food. Deoxidation is important in the steelmaking process as o ...

, and sometimes for

desulfurization Desulfurization or desulphurisation is a chemical process for the removal of sulfur from a material. This involves either the removal of sulfur from a molecule (''e.g.'' A=S → A:) or the removal of sulfur compounds from a mixture such as oil refin ...

and denitrogenation. In steelmaking the addition of titanium yields metal with finer grain structure. Ferrotitanium can be manufactured by mixing titanium sponge and scrap with iron and melting them together in an

induction furnace An induction furnace is an electrical furnace in which the heat is applied by induction heating of metal. Induction furnace capacities range from less than one kilogram to one hundred tons, and are used to melt iron and steel, copper, aluminum ...

. Ferrotitanium powder can be also used as a fuel in some

pyrotechnic composition A pyrotechnic composition is a substance or mixture of substances designed to produce an effect by heat, light, sound, gas/smoke or a combination of these, as a result of non-detonative self-sustaining exothermic reaction, exothermic chemical reac ...

References

External links

*{{cite web , url = http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/ferroalloys/myb1-2006-feall.pdf , title =Minerals Yearbook 2006: Ferroalloys , publisher =

United States Geological Survey The United States Geological Survey (USGS), formerly simply known as the Geological Survey, is a scientific agency of the United States government. The scientists of the USGS study the landscape of the United States, its natural resources, ...

, accessdate =2009-04-24, first = John D., last = Jorgenson , author2=Corathers, Lisa A. , author3=Gambogi, Joseph , author4=Kuck, Peter H. , author5=Magyar, Michael J. , author6=Papp, John F. , author7= Shedd, Kim B
TiVolga - ferrotitanium in lumps, fines, cored wire with ferrotitanium filling

* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20080926135300/http://www.femottram.co.uk/mottram/index.php/company-profile/sheffield/ F.E. Mottram Group Ferroalloys Deoxidizers Pyrotechnic fuels Titanium alloys