enzymology Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. A ...

, a ferredoxin–NAD⁺ reductase () is an

enzyme Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. A ...

that

catalyzes Catalysis () is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed in the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recyc ...

the

chemical reaction A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the IUPAC nomenclature for organic transformations, chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the pos ...

: :reduced ferredoxin + NAD⁺

\rightleftharpoons

oxidized ferredoxin + NADH + H⁺ Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are reduced

ferredoxin Ferredoxins (from Latin ''ferrum'': iron + redox, often abbreviated "fd") are iron–sulfur proteins that mediate electron transfer in a range of metabolic reactions. The term "ferredoxin" was coined by D.C. Wharton of the DuPont Co. and applied t ...

and NAD⁺, whereas its 3 products are oxidized

, NADH, and H⁺. This enzyme participates in

fatty acid metabolism Fatty acid metabolism consists of various metabolic processes involving or closely related to fatty acids, a family of molecules classified within the lipid macronutrient category. These processes can mainly be divided into (1) catabolic processes ...

. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme is ferredoxin:NAD⁺ oxidoreductase. There are a variety of names in common use: *ferredoxin–nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reductase *ferredoxin reductase *NAD⁺-ferredoxin reductase *ferredoxin–NAD⁺ reductase *ferredoxin–linked NAD⁺ reductase *ferredoxin–NAD reductase When NAD molecule is in its reduced form, the

is referred to as: *NADH-ferredoxin oxidoreductase *reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-ferredoxin *NADH-ferredoxin reductase *NADH flavodoxin oxidoreductase *NADH₂-ferredoxin oxidoreductase Other enzymes in the family include: *NADH-ferredoxin NAP reductase (component of naphthalene dioxygenase multicomponent enzyme system) *NADH-ferredoxin TOL reductase (component of toluene dioxygenase)

Structural studies

As of late 2007, only one

structure A structure is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system, or the object or system so organized. Material structures include man-made objects such as buildings and machines and natural objects such as ...

has been solved for this class of enzymes, with the PDB accession code .

References

* EC 1.18.1 NADH-dependent enzymes Enzymes of known structure {{1.18-enzyme-stub