''Feroniella'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

in the family

Rutaceae The Rutaceae is a family, commonly known as the rueRUTACEAE
in BoDD – Botanical Derm ...

, the only species being ''Feroniella lucida''. The genus is placed within ''

Citrus ''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering plant, flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as Orange (fruit), oranges, Lemon, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and lim ...

'' by some sources, with the species becoming ''Citrus lucida''. ''Feroniella lucida'' is a fruit-bearing tree native to

Cambodia Cambodia (; also Kampuchea ; km, កម្ពុជា, UNGEGN: ), officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia, spanning an area of , bordered by Thailand t ...

Laos Laos (, ''Lāo'' )), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic ( Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ, French: République démocratique populaire lao), is a socialist ...

Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bo ...

Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...

and the island of

Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's List ...

, Indonesia.

Description

''Feroniella lucida'' is a small to medium-sized tree armed with numerous long, slender, sharp thorns. It grows from tall with a straight bole in diameter. The fruit has a tough green rind with a white and pink pulp containing many yellow crunchy seeds.

Taxonomy

The species was initially treated as a member of the genus ''Feronia'', but was removed to its own genus, ''Feroniella'', by Swingle, who viewed it to be a sister taxon of '' Limonia'' in a grouping given the common name of 'wood apples'. He also named ''Feroniella oblata'' to distinguish the Cambodian from the Javanese plants, but they came to be viewed as varieties of the same species, ''Feroniella lucida''.

Tanaka is the fourth most common Japanese name, Japanese surname. It is typically written with the kanji for . Less common variants include , , , , and . People with the surname *, Japanese musician formerly known as Boku no Lyric no Bōyomi *, Japane ...

would name another genus member, '' Feroniella pubescens'', but this is now known to be ''Harrisonia perforata'', leaving ''F. lucida'' as the only member of ''Feroniella''. However, based on phylogenetic analysis that surprisingly grouped ''F. lucida'' among the citrus,

Mabberley Professor David John Mabberley , (born May 1948) is a British-born botanist, educator and writer. Among his varied scientific interests is the taxonomy of tropical plants, especially trees of the families Labiatae, Meliaceae and Rutaceae. He i ...

suggested it be renamed ''Citrus lucida''. This placement was accepted by

Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed-bearing plants by ...

, , though two recent phylogenetic studies have retained ''Feroniella'' as a distinct genus closely related to ''Limonia'' rather than uniting it with ''Citrus''.

Uses

In Cambodia and Java, ''Feroniella lucida'' is occasionally cultivated as a fruit tree. The pulp of the raw fruits is eaten as a vegetable. The

pericarp Fruit anatomy is the plant anatomy of the internal structure of fruit. Fruits are the mature ovary or ovaries of one or more flowers. They are found in three main anatomical categories: aggregate fruits, multiple fruits, and simple fruits. Aggre ...

is used medicinally.http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/apex/f?p=185:46:16768851750631::NO::module,mf_use,source,akzanz,rehm,akzname,taxid:mf,,botnam,0,,Feroniella%20lucida,7732 ' Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops The pulp is used as a sour ingredient in Cambodian and Thai cooking. ''Feroniella lucida'' can be grown as an

indoor bonsai Indoor bonsai are bonsai cultivated for the indoor environment. Traditionally, bonsai are temperate climate trees grown outdoors in containers. Tropical and sub-tropical tree species can be cultivated to grow and thrive indoors, with some suited ...

. One of the

phytochemical Phytochemicals are chemical compounds produced by plants, generally to help them resist fungi, bacteria and plant virus infections, and also consumption by insects and other animals. The name comes . Some phytochemicals have been used as poisons ...

s the plant contains is

lichexanthone Lichexanthone is an organic compound in the structural class of chemicals known as xanthones. Lichexanthone was first isolated and identified by Japanese chemists from a species of leafy lichen in the 1940s. The compound is known to occur in ma ...

Other names

Cambodia: ក្រសាំង (krasang) Indonesia: kawista-krikil (Java) Laos: ຫມາກສັງ (mak sang) Thailand: มะสัง (ma sang), krasang Vietnam: Cần Thăng (canthan), da da

Image gallery

Image:Krasang Fruit Pulp.jpg, Photo of the pulp of the fruit.

References

Bibliography

# Backer, C. A. & R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr. 1963–1968. ''Flora of Java''. (F Java) # Boutelje, J. B. 1980. ''Encyclopedia of world timbers, names and technical literature''. (Ency WTimber) # Swingle, W. T. & P. C. Reece. 1967. ''The botany of ''Citrus'' and its wild relatives''. (Bot Citrus) {{Taxonbar, from1=Q8961439, from2=Q15393006, from3=Q18082827 Aurantioideae Aurantioideae genera Flora of Indo-China Flora of Java