Fernando Untoja Choque (born March 30, 1950, in

Oruro Oruro (Hispanicized spelling) or Uru Uru is a city in Bolivia with a population of 264,683 (2012 calculation), about halfway between La Paz and Sucre in the Altiplano, approximately above sea level. It is Bolivia's fifth-largest city by populat ...

) is a

Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...

n politician. An economist and political scientist, Untoja served as lecturer at

Universidad Mayor de San Andrés Universidad (Spanish for "university") may refer to: Places * Universidad, San Juan, Puerto Rico * Universidad (Madrid) Football clubs * Universidad SC, a Guatemalan football club that represents the Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala ...

La Paz La Paz (), officially known as Nuestra Señora de La Paz (Spanish pronunciation: ), is the seat of government of the Bolivia, Plurinational State of Bolivia. With an estimated 816,044 residents as of 2020, La Paz is the List of Bolivian cities ...

, the

Universidad Técnica de Oruro The Oruro Technical University ( es, Universidad Técnica de Oruo, UTO), or UTO, is one of ten public universities in Bolivia. It is located in the city of Oruro Oruro (Hispanicized spelling) or Uru Uru is a city in Bolivia with a population o ...

, the Military Engineering School (EMI) and the Army Military College "Gualberto Villarroel". Furthermore, he was a researcher at the Centro Andino de Desarollo Agropecuario. As a writer and political theorist, Untoja is one of the most prominent proponents of the thesis of a 'return to the

ayllu The ''ayllu'', a family clan, is the traditional form of a community in the Andes, especially among Quechuas and Aymaras. They are an indigenous local government model across the Andes region of South America, particularly in Bolivia and Peru. ...

' (the basic socio-political unit of

Aymara Aymara may refer to: Languages and people * Aymaran languages, the second most widespread Andean language ** Aymara language, the main language within that family ** Central Aymara, the other surviving branch of the Aymara(n) family, which today ...

society). 'The return to the ayllu' is also the title of a book written by Untoja.Olmedo Llanos, Oscar.
Paranoiaimara
'. La Paz, Bolivia: Plural Editores, 2006. pp. 136, 275 On June 21, 1993, Untoja formed a political party, National Katarist Movement (MKN, a name borrowed from

Tupac Katari Tupac Amaru Shakur ( ; born Lesane Parish Crooks, June 16, 1971 – September 13, 1996), also known as 2Pac and Makaveli, was an American rapper. He is widely considered one of the most influential rappers of all time. Shakur is among the b ...

). Untoja was the candidate of MKN in the 1993 presidential elections. He obtained 12,681 votes (0.77% of the nationwide vote). He became a municipal councilor in Oruro in 1995. Later his party adopted a new name, Democratic National Katarism (KND). In 1997 he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies from Oruro through

proportional representation Proportional representation (PR) refers to a type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to geographical (e.g. states, regions) and political divis ...

from the list of the Nationalist Democratic Alliance (ADN), as part of the ADN-PDC-NFR alliance.''Directorio: 1997 - 2002''. La Paz: Centro de Investigación del Congreso Nacional (CICON), 2002. p. 171
PARLIAMENTARIZED PRESIDENTIALISM IN DECLINE
' He was the sole KND parliamentarian at the time.''Directorio: 1997 - 2002''. La Paz: Centro de Investigación del Congreso Nacional (CICON), 2002. p. 209 During the 1997-2002 parliamentary period, he was an ally of the right-wing government of former military dictator

Hugo Banzer Hugo Banzer Suárez (; 10 May 1926 – 5 May 2002) was a Bolivian politician and military officer who served as the 51st president of Bolivia. He held the Bolivian presidency twice: from 1971 to 1978 in a military dictatorship; and then a ...

. His alternate in parliament was Mary Daza de Block. In the 2009 election he stood as candidate from

Plan Progress for Bolivia – National Convergence Plan Progress for Bolivia – National Convergence (Spanish: ''Plan Progreso para Bolivia–Convergencia Nacional''; acronym: PPB-CN) was a coalition that was Bolivia's largest national opposition political party following the 2009 general electi ...

for the Senate from La Paz, but was not elected.
“Clanes familiares” convirtieron la política en propiedad de pocos
'

References

1950 births Living people Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Bolivia) Plan Progress for Bolivia – National Convergence politicians People from Oruro, Bolivia Candidates for President of Bolivia 20th-century Bolivian politicians 21st-century Bolivian politicians {{bolivia-politician-stub