Fernando Niño de Guevara (1541 – 8 January 1609) was a

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cardinal who was also Archbishop of Seville and

Grand Inquisitor Grand Inquisitor ( la, Inquisitor Generalis, literally ''Inquisitor General'' or ''General Inquisitor'') was the lead official of the Inquisition. The title usually refers to the chief inquisitor of the Spanish Inquisition, even after the reuni ...

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Biography

Fernando Niño de Guevara was born in

Toledo, Spain Toledo ( , ) is a city and municipality of Spain, capital of the province of Toledo and the ''de jure'' seat of the government and parliament of the autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha. Toledo was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESC ...

in 1541, the son of Rodrigo Niño, Marquis of Tejares. An uncle, also named ''

Fernando Niño de Guevara Fernando Niño de Guevara (1541 – 8 January 1609) was a Spanish cardinal who was also Archbishop of Seville and Grand Inquisitor of Spain. Biography Fernando Niño de Guevara was born in Toledo, Spain in 1541, the son of Rodrigo Niño, Mar ...

'' (d. 1552), was

Archbishop of Granada The archdiocese of Granada ( la, archidioecesis Granatensis) is an ecclesiastical province of the Catholic Church in Spain.

from 1542 to 1552. He studied

law Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been vario ...

at the

University of Salamanca The University of Salamanca ( es, Universidad de Salamanca) is a Spanish higher education institution, located in the city of Salamanca, in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It was founded in 1218 by King Alfonso IX. It is t ...

. He then moved to

Cuenca, Spain Cuenca () is a city and municipality of Spain located in the autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha. It is the capital of the province of Cuenca. Etymology Its name may derive from the Latin ''conca'' meaning "river basin", referring ...

, where he became archdeacon of the cathedral. In 1570, he became an ''

oidor An ''oidor'' () was a judge of the Royal ''Audiencias'' and ''Chancillerías'', originally courts of Kingdom of Castile, which became the highest organs of justice within the Spanish Empire. The term comes from the verb ''oír'', "to hear," referr ...

'' in

Valladolid Valladolid () is a municipality in Spain and the primary seat of government and de facto capital of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is also the capital of the province of the same name. It has a population around 300,000 peop ...

. He became a member of the

Council of Castile The Council of Castile ( es, Real y Supremo Consejo de Castilla), known earlier as the Royal Council ( es, Consejo Real), was a ruling body and key part of the domestic government of the Crown of Castile, second only to the monarch himself. It ...

in 1580. On 3 December 1599 he was appointed

. During his tenure as Grand Inquisitor, the

Spanish Inquisition The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition ( es, Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición), commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition ( es, Inquisición española), was established in 1478 by the Catholic Monarchs, King Ferdinand ...

burned 240 heretics, plus 96 in effigy. 1,628 other individuals were found guilty and subjected to lesser penalties. On 10 Oct 1599, he was consecrated bishop by

Pope Clement VIII Pope Clement VIII ( la, Clemens VIII; it, Clemente VIII; 24 February 1536 – 3 March 1605), born Ippolito Aldobrandini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 2 February 1592 to his death in March 1605. Born ...

with Camillo Borghese,

Cardinal-Priest A cardinal ( la, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae cardinalis, literally 'cardinal of the Holy Roman Church') is a senior member of the clergy of the Catholic Church. Cardinals are created by the ruling pope and typically hold the title for life. Col ...

of Santi Giovanni e Paolo, and Alfonso Visconti, Bishop of Cervia, serving as co-consecrators. In 1600 he had a

portrait A portrait is a painting, photograph, sculpture, or other artistic representation of a person, in which the face and its expressions are predominant. The intent is to display the likeness, personality, and even the mood of the person. For this r ...

painted by El Greco. On 30 April 1601 he was also appointed Archbishop of Seville. Fernando Niño de Guevara engaged the

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in a dispute about the nature of papal authority. As a result,

prevailed on

Philip III of Spain Philip III ( es, Felipe III; 14 April 1578 – 31 March 1621) was King of Spain. As Philip II, he was also King of Portugal, Naples, Sicily and Sardinia and Duke of Milan from 1598 until his death in 1621. A member of the House of Habsburg, Phi ...

to induce him to resign as Grand Inquisitor in 1602. He did, however, retain his duties as Archbishop of Seville. In this capacity, he called a synod in 1604 in order to suppress the

confraternities A confraternity ( es, cofradía; pt, confraria) is generally a Christian voluntary association of laypeople created for the purpose of promoting special works of Christian charity or piety, and approved by the Church hierarchy. They are most ...

and replace them with similar institutions dominated by clerics. He died, probably in

Seville Seville (; es, Sevilla, ) is the capital and largest city of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville. It is situated on the lower reaches of the River Guadalquivir, in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula ...

, on 8 January 1609. He is buried in the Convent of San Pablo in Toledo.

Episcopal succession

While bishop, he was the

principal consecrator A consecrator is a bishop who ordains someone to the episcopacy. A co-consecrator is someone who assists the consecrator bishop in the act of ordaining a new bishop. The terms are used in the canon law of the Catholic Church, Lutheran Churches, ...

of: * Tomás de Borja, Bishop of Malaga (1600); *

Juan Bautista Acevedo Muñoz Juan Bautista de Acevedo y Muñoz (1555 – 8 June 1608) was Bishop of Valladolid from 1601 to 1606 and Grand Inquisitor of Spain from 1603 to 1608. Biography Juan Bautista de Acevedo y Muñoz was born in Hoz de Anero, Trasmiera in 1555, the s ...

Bishop of Valladolid The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Valladolid ( la, Archidioecesis Metropolitae Vallisoletanus) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Spain.Juan de la Sal Juan de la Sal (died 14 January 1630) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Auxiliary Bishop of Seville (1603–1630) and Titular Bishop of '' Hippo Diarrhytus'' (1603–1630).Titular Bishop A titular bishop in various churches is a bishop who is not in charge of a diocese. By definition, a bishop is an "overseer" of a community of the faithful, so when a priest is ordained a bishop, the tradition of the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox ...

of ''Hippo Diarrhytus'' and Auxiliary Bishop of Seville (1603); and *

Francisco de Vera-Villavicencio Francisco de Vera-Villavicencio, O. de M. (died 1616) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Perpignan-Elne (1613–1616), ''(in Latin)'' Auxiliary Bishop of Seville (1603–1613), Titular Bishop of ''Madaurus'' (1603–1613). '' ...

Titular Bishop A titular bishop in various churches is a bishop who is not in charge of a diocese. By definition, a bishop is an "overseer" of a community of the faithful, so when a priest is ordained a bishop, the tradition of the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox ...

of ''Madaurus'' and Auxiliary Bishop of Seville (1603).

References

*This page is based on this page on

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. {{DEFAULTSORT:Nino de Guevara, Fernando 1541 births 1609 deaths Grand Inquisitors of Spain Roman Catholic archbishops of Seville People from Toledo, Spain 17th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Spain University of Salamanca alumni Archbishops of Granada