Ferdinand Philippe Edouard Carré (11 March 1824 – 11 January 1900) was a French engineer, born at

Moislains Moislains () is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. Geography Moislains is situated on the D184 and D43 crossroads, some northwest of Saint-Quentin. Population Personalities Ferdinand Carré Ferdinan ...

( Somme) on 11 March 1824. Carré is best known as the inventor of

refrigeration The term refrigeration refers to the process of removing heat from an enclosed space or substance for the purpose of lowering the temperature.International Dictionary of Refrigeration, http://dictionary.iifiir.org/search.phpASHRAE Terminology, ht ...

equipment used to produce

ice Ice is water frozen into a solid state, typically forming at or below temperatures of 0 degrees Celsius or Depending on the presence of impurities such as particles of soil or bubbles of air, it can appear transparent or a more or less opaq ...

. He died on 11 January 1900 at

Pommeuse Pommeuse () is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. Demographics Its inhabitants are called Pommeusiens. Geography Pommeuse is located in the valley of the Grand Morin and on the nort ...

(

Seine-et-Marne Seine-et-Marne () is a Departments of France, department in the Île-de-France Regions of France, region in Northern France. Named after the rivers Seine and Marne (river), Marne, it is the region's largest department with an area of 5,915 square ...

Work

In 1850, Ferdinand's brother Edmond Carré (22 January 1833 – 7 May 1894) developed the first

absorption refrigerator An absorption refrigerator is a refrigerator that uses a heat source (e.g., solar energy, a fossil-fueled flame, waste heat from factories, or district heating systems) to provide the energy needed to drive the cooling process. The system uses tw ...

, using water and sulphuric acid. Ferdinand continued Edmond's work on the process and in 1858 developed a machine which used water as the absorbent and

ammonia Ammonia is an inorganic compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula . A stable binary hydride, and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colourless gas with a distinct pungent smell. Biologically, it is a common nitrogenous was ...

refrigerant A refrigerant is a working fluid used in the heat pump and refrigeration cycle, refrigeration cycle of air conditioning systems and heat pumps where in most cases they undergo a repeated phase transition from a liquid to a gas and back again. Ref ...

. His absorption machine was patented in France in 1859 and in the United States in 1860. In 1862 he exhibited his ice-making machine at the Universal London Exhibition, producing an output of per hour. His design was based on the gas–vapour system of Australian inventor James Harrison. In 1876 he equipped the ship ''Paraguay'' with an absorption refrigeration system, allowing the ship to carry frozen meat on an intercontinental trip. Carré's method remained popular through the early 1900s. It was replaced by systems using the

liquid vapor A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. As such, it is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, gas, a ...

compression cycle. Carré also conducted research in the field of electricity. In 1877, he invented an electric light regulator. He also invented the Carré machine, an

electrostatic generator An electrostatic generator, or electrostatic machine, is an electrical generator that produces '' static electricity'', or electricity at high voltage and low continuous current. The knowledge of static electricity dates back to the earliest civi ...

used to produce high voltages.Modified Carré electrical machine
Institute and Museum of the History of Science.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carre, Ferdinand 1824 births 1900 deaths French engineers

Work

See also

References