() is a type of
traditional Chinese wedding set of attire categorized under , which was worn by
Han Chinese
The Han Chinese () or Han people (), are an East Asian ethnic group native to China. They constitute the world's largest ethnic group, making up about 18% of the global population and consisting of various subgroups speaking distinctive va ...
women in
Ming
The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last ort ...
and
Qing
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speaki ...
dynasties.
The attire was composed an upper and lower garment following the traditional Chinese clothing system. It was typically composed of a red coloured ' (), a type of a Chinese '-skirt known as ' (), the ' (), and the '.
The was sometimes adorned with the .
Following the wedding ceremony, married women were expected to wear the on formal occasions, however,
Chinese trousers or leggings were worn beneath instead of the skirt.
Construction and design
In the Qing dynasty, the ' was a set of attire which was composed of a red coloured , a type of Chinese upper garment, called () and a , lower skirt, called ().
The was a in the style of the Ming dynasty which was typically decorated with Chinese dragons and was used to be worn by the Han Chinese women as a court robe in the Ming dynasty. The ' () was a , which could either be red or green in colour; it was typically embroidered with
dragons
A dragon is a reptilian legendary creature that appears in the folklore of many cultures worldwide. Beliefs about dragons vary considerably through regions, but dragons in western cultures since the High Middle Ages have often been depicted as ...
and
phoenixes on the front and back skirt panel.
The set was also completed by two important accessories from which the set of attire gained its name: the ' () and the phoenix coronet, known as '.
The appearance of the appearance and construction differed depending on the time period: in the Ming dynasty, the was similar to a long scarf or
stole in appearance; however, it could either be found in the shape of a stole or a waistcoat in the Qing dynasty.
Sometimes, the ' can be further decorated with Chinese cloud collar known as '.
See also
*
Traditional Chinese wedding dress
Traditional Chinese wedding dress is a collective term which refers to all the different forms and styles of traditional wedding attire worn by the Han Chinese when performing their marriage ceremony, including the traditional Chinese marriage. ...
*
Fengguan
(), also known as phoenix coronet or phoenix hat, is a type of (a type of Chinese traditional headgear) for women in . It was worn mainly by noblewomen for ceremonies or official occasions. It is also traditional headgear for brides and could be ...
*
Xiapei
Xiapei (), also known as hapi () in Korea, is a type of Chinese clothing accessory in either the form of a long scarf, a neckband, or in the shape of waistcoat depending on the time period. It was also referred as xiapeizhui () when it was ornamen ...
*
Hanfu
''Hanfu'' () is the traditional styles of clothing worn by the Han Chinese. There are several representative styles of ''hanfu'', such as the (an upper-body garment with a long outer skirt), the (an upper-body garment with a long underskirt ...
*
Ruqun
(;) is a set of attire in which consists of a short jacket typically called () worn under a long Chinese skirt called (). However, when use as a general term, can broadly describe a set of attire which consists of a separated upper garment a ...
*
Traditional Chinese marriage
Traditional Chinese marriage () is a ceremonial ritual within Chinese societies that involves not only a union between spouses, but also a union between the two families of a man and a woman, sometimes established by pre-arrangement between fa ...
Gallery
File:五品官員夫婦像.jpg, Ming dynasty ''fengguan xiapei.''
File:Noblewoman5.jpg, alt=, Ming dynasty noblewomen wearing a blue embroidered xiapei over her red robe
File:Traditional chinese wedding.jpg, Reconstruction of Ming dynasty ''fengguan xiapei.''
File:Traditional chinese wedding 001.jpg, Reconstruction of Ming dynasty ''fengguan xiapei.''
File:Qing Dynasty Lady in a red robe.jpg, Portrait of lady in ''fengguan xiapei'' in Qing dynasty,
References
Chinese traditional clothing
Marriage in Chinese culture
Wedding dresses
Embroidery
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