Felipe Gonzáles Calderón y Roca, also known as Felipe G. Calderon (April 4, 1868 – June 6, 1908) was a
Filipino
Filipino may refer to:
* Something from or related to the Philippines
** Filipino language, standardized variety of 'Tagalog', the national language and one of the official languages of the Philippines.
** Filipinos, people who are citizens of th ...
lawyer
A lawyer is a person who practices law. The role of a lawyer varies greatly across different legal jurisdictions. A lawyer can be classified as an advocate, attorney, barrister, canon lawyer, civil law notary, counsel, counselor, solic ...
, politician, and intellectual, known as the "Father of the
Malolos Constitution".
Early life
Calderón was born in Santa Cruz de Malabon (now
Tanza
Tanza, officially the Municipality of Tanza ( tgl, Bayan ng Tanza), formerly known as Santa Cruz de Malabón, is a 1st class municipality in the province of Cavite, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 312,116 people ...
),
Cavite
Cavite, officially the Province of Cavite ( tl, Lalawigan ng Kabite; Chavacano: ''Provincia de Cavite''), is a province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region in Luzon. Located on the southern shores of Manila Bay and southwest ...
, to José Gonzáles Calderón and Manuela Roca. He studied at the
Ateneo Municipal de Manila
, mottoeng = Light in the Lord
, type = Private, research, non-profit, coeducational basic and higher education institution
, established = December 10, 1859
, religious_affiliation = Roman Catholic (Jesuits)
, academic_affi ...
for his primary and secondary courses
and was granted a scholarship. He received high honors in a Bachelor of Arts degree, later working in the newspaper industry writing for several newspapers. He later enrolled at the
University of Santo Tomas
The University of Santo Tomas (also known as UST and officially as the Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, Manila) is a private, Catholic research university in Manila, Philippines. Founded on April 28, 1611, by Spanish friar Miguel ...
and completed his studies at Licentiate in Law in 1894.
After graduation, he participated in the law office of
Cayetano Arellano.
Involvement in the Philippine Wars for Independence
During the
Philippine Revolution, Calderon ardently supported the revolutionary movement, an organization that aimed to gain independence from
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, i ...
. For his activities he was imprisoned by the Spanish colonial authorities. One school in Tondo, Manila was named after him.
In September 1898, after the return of
Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (: March 22, 1869February 6, 1964) was a Filipino revolutionary, statesman, and military leader who is the youngest president of the Philippines (1899–1901) and is recognized as the first president of the Philippine ...
to Cavite from
Hong Kong
Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China ( abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China on the eastern Pearl River Delt ...
, he accepted Aguinaldo’s appointment as a representative of the first district of Paragua in the Revolutionary Congress in
Malolos
Malolos, officially the City of Malolos ( fil, Lungsod ng Malolos), is a 1st class Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, component city and capital of the Provinces of the Philippines, province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to th ...
,
Bulacan
Bulacan, officially the Province of Bulacan ( tl, Lalawigan ng Bulacan), is a province in the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is the city of Malolos. Bulacan was established on August 15, 1578, and part of the Metr ...
. After the
Spanish–American War
, partof = the Philippine Revolution, the decolonization of the Americas, and the Cuban War of Independence
, image = Collage infobox for Spanish-American War.jpg
, image_size = 300px
, caption = (clock ...
, the República Filipina (Philippine Republic) was formed during the
Malolos Constitution on January 25, 1899. The constitution was drafted by Calderon together with
Pedro Paterno and
Cayetano Arellano.
When the
Philippine–American War
The Philippine–American War or Filipino–American War ( es, Guerra filipina-estadounidense, tl, Digmaang Pilipino–Amerikano), previously referred to as the Philippine Insurrection or the Tagalog Insurgency by the United States, was an arm ...
began, he traveled to Manila where he appeared before the
Schurman Commission on April 27, 1899, offering suggestions for the restoration of peace. He was requested to draft rules for the Philippine government of the first municipalities during the war with the United States.
In 1899, Calderon founded two
law universities. These are the ''Colegio de Abogados de Manila'' (School of Lawyers of Manila) and the ''Escuela de Derecho'' (School of Duties).
He taught in both institutions. In 1904, he was appointed member of a commission to draft a proposed Penal Code. He also organized the ''La Protección de la Infancia'', (The Protection of Infants), an institution that established humanitarian institution to protect and care for disadvantaged people.
Death
Calderon died on June 6, 1908, at the Saint Paul Hospital. His death was caused by intestinal obstruction while his body was weakened due to working long hours.
In popular culture
* Portrayed by Johnny Barnes in the 2012 film, ''
El Presidente''.
Further reading
*
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Calderon, Felipe
1868 births
1908 deaths
People from Tanza, Cavite
People of the Philippine Revolution
19th-century Filipino lawyers
Ateneo de Manila University alumni
University of Santo Tomas alumni
Members of the Malolos Congress