The Regional Federal Courts (in Portuguese, ''Tribunais Regionais Federais'', commonly called TRFs) are the courts of appeal of . They represent the

second instance court A court of appeals, also called a court of appeal, appellate court, appeal court, court of second instance or second instance court, is any court of law that is empowered to hear an appeal of a trial court or other lower tribunal. In much of t ...

s of the Brazilian Federal Justice system and are responsible not only for appeal processes against trial court decisions, but also for

writs of security In the law of Brazil, the writ of security ( pt, mandado de segurança) is a remedy used to protect individual rights. It resembles in some respects the writ of amparo, writ of ("writ of protection"), available in other Latin American nations, as ...

, Habeas corpus, and Habeas data against acts by federal judges, motions to set aside judgments, criminal revisions, and conflicts of jurisdiction. The jurisdiction of the Federal Regional Courts is defined in Article 108 of the Brazilian Constitution. The Federal Regional Courts have a varied composition, with the number of judges defined by law, where one fifth are chosen by lawyers with 10 years experience or more, as well as by members of the Public Prosecutor’s Office with 10 years experience or more. The rest of the judges are appointed through the promotion of federal judges with over five years experience, by longest service time and by merit, alternately. In each tribunal, there is an Internal Affairs of the Federal Justice office, responsible for corrections, inspections, and investigations at first instance. The internal affairs offices are also in charge of hiring processes, and instruction towards a uniformization of jurisdictional activity and forensic service. They are each run by a Regional Director, with a possible Vice-Director.

Federal Justice Regions

The Brazilian Federal Justice system is divided nationally into five geographically defined regions, each served by an appellate court: * Regional Federal Court of the 1st Region — '' Tribunal Regional Federal da 1ª Região'' (TRF-1) :: Seated in Brasília, Federal District, this appellate court covers the states of

Acre The acre is a unit of land area used in the imperial Imperial is that which relates to an empire, emperor, or imperialism. Imperial or The Imperial may also refer to: Places United States * Imperial, California * Imperial, Missouri * Imp ...

Amapá Amapá () is one of the 26 states of Brazil. It is in the northern region of Brazil. It is the second least populous state and the eighteenth largest by area. Located in the far northern part of the country, Amapá is bordered clockwise by Fr ...

, Amazonas, Bahia, Goiás, Maranhão, Minas Gerais,

Mato Grosso Mato Grosso ( – lit. "Thick Bush") is one of the states of Brazil, the third largest by area, located in the Central-West region. The state has 1.66% of the Brazilian population and is responsible for 1.9% of the Brazilian GDP. Neighboring ...

, Pará,

Piauí Piaui (, ) is one of the states of Brazil, located in the country's Northeast Region. The state has 1.6% of the Brazilian population and produces 0.7% of the Brazilian GDP. Piaui has the shortest coastline of any coastal Brazilian state at 66&n ...

Rondônia Rondônia () is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the northern subdivision of the country (central-western part). To the west is a short border with the state of Acre, to the north is the state of Amazonas, in the east is Mato Grosso, ...

Roraima Roraima (, ) is one of the 26 states of Brazil. Located in the country's North Region, it is the northernmost and most geographically and logistically isolated state in Brazil. It is bordered by the state of Pará to the southeast, Amazonas ...

and Tocantins, as well as the

Brazilian Federal District The Federal District ( pt, Distrito Federal ) is one of 27 federative units of Brazil. Located in the Center-West Region, it is the smallest Brazilian federal unit and the only one that has no municipalities, being divided into 31 administr ...

. * Regional Federal Court of the 2nd Region — '' Tribunal Regional Federal da 2ª Região'' (TRF-2) :: Seated in

Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a b ...

, this appellate court covers the states of Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro. * Regional Federal Court of the 3rd Region — '' Tribunal Regional Federal da 3ª Região'' (TRF-3) :: Seated in São Paulo, São Paulo, this appellate court covers the states of

Mato Grosso do Sul Mato Grosso do Sul () is one of the Midwestern states of Brazil. Neighboring Brazilian states are (from north clockwise) Mato Grosso, Goiás, Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Paraná. It also borders the countries of Paraguay, to the southwest, and ...

and São Paulo. * Regional Federal Court of the 4th Region — '' Tribunal Regional Federal da 4ª Região'' (TRF-4) : Seated in

Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Porto or Oporto () is the List of cities in Portugal, second-largest city in Portugal, the capital of the Porto District, and one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto city proper, which is the entire concelho, municipality of Port ...

, this appellate court covers the states of Paraná,

Rio Grande do Sul Rio Grande do Sul (, , ; "Great River of the South") is a Federative units of Brazil, state in the South Region, Brazil, southern region of Brazil. It is the Federative_units_of_Brazil#List, fifth-most-populous state and the List of Brazilian st ...

and Santa Catarina. * Regional Federal Court of the 5th Region — '' Tribunal Regional Federal da 5ª Região'' (TRF-5) :: Seated in

Recife, Pernambuco That it may shine on all (Matthew 5:15) , image_map = Brazil Pernambuco Recife location map.svg , mapsize = 250px , map_caption = Location in the state of Pernambuco , pushpin_map = Brazil#South Am ...

, this appellate court covers the states of Alagoas,

Ceará Ceará (, pronounced locally as or ) is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the northeastern part of the country, on the Atlantic coast. It is the eighth-largest Brazilian State by population and the 17th by area. It is also one of the ...

Paraíba Paraíba ( Tupi: ''pa'ra a'íba''; ) is a state of Brazil. It is located in the Brazilian Northeast, and it is bordered by Rio Grande do Norte to the north, Ceará to the west, Pernambuco to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. Paraíba ...

, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte and Sergipe.

New courts

The creation of four new courts was approved by Congress by Constitutional Amendment number 73/2013. However, the National Association of Federal Prosecutors proposed a direct action of unconstitutionality against the creation of new courts; The former president of the

Supreme Federal Court The Supreme Federal Court ( pt, Supremo Tribunal Federal, , abbreviated STF) is the supreme court (court of last resort) of Brazil, serving primarily as the Constitutional Court of the country. It is the highest court of law in Brazil for consti ...

, Minister

Joaquim Barbosa Joaquim Benedito Barbosa Gomes (; born October 7, 1954) is a former Justice of the Supreme Federal Court in Brazil. He served as the president of the court (Chief Justice) between 2012 and 2014. Barbosa studied law at University of Brasília ...

, suspended the constitutional amendment until the fore-mentioned direct action is judged. The new tribunals, whose installations have been suspended by the Supreme Federal Court, are planned as: * TRF for the 6th Region – headquartered in Curitiba: would entail the jurisdictions of the following states: Santa Catarina and Paraná, currently linked to the TRF for the 4th Region, and

, previously linked to the TRF for the 3rd Region. * TRF for the 7th Region - headquartered in

Belo Horizonte Belo Horizonte (, ; ) is the sixth-largest city in Brazil, with a population around 2.7 million and with a metropolitan area of 6 million people. It is the 13th-largest city in South America and the 18th-largest in the Americas. The metropol ...

: would entail the jurisdiction of Minas Gerais, previously linked to the TRF for the 1st Region. * TRF for the 8th Region - headquartered in

Salvador Salvador, meaning "salvation" (or "saviour") in Catalan, Spanish, and Portuguese may refer to: * Salvador (name) Arts, entertainment, and media Music *Salvador (band), a Christian band that plays both English and Spanish music ** ''Salvador'' ( ...

: would entail the jurisdiction of Bahia, previously linked to the TRF for the 1st Region, and Sergipe, previously linked to the TRF for the 5th Region. * TRF for the 9th Region - headquartered in

Manaus Manaus () is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Amazonas. It is the seventh-largest city in Brazil, with an estimated 2020 population of 2,219,580 distributed over a land area of about . Located at the east center of the s ...

: would entail the jurisdictions of the following states: Amazonas,

and

, all previously linked to the TRF for the 1st Region.

External links

* http://www.trf1.jus.br * http://www.trf2.jus.br * http://www.trf3.jus.br * http://www.trf4.jus.br * http://www.trf5.jus.br Judiciary of Brazil {{Brazil-law-stub

Federal Justice Regions

New courts

See also

External links