The Civil Justice Reform Act ("CJRA", as Title I of the

Judicial Improvements Act of 1990 The Civil Justice Reform Act ("CJRA", as Title I of the Judicial Improvements Act of 1990, ) is a U.S. federal law enacted in 1990. It was the last major expansion of the Federal US Judiciary. United States federal judge, Federal Judges in the Unit ...

, ) is a U.S. federal law enacted in 1990. It was the last major expansion of the Federal US Judiciary.

Federal Judges Federal judges are judges appointed by a federal level of government as opposed to the state/provincial/local level. United States A US federal judge is appointed by the US President and confirmed by the US Senate in accordance with Article 3 of ...

in the United States have

lifetime tenure A life tenure or service during good behaviour is a term of office that lasts for the office holder's lifetime, unless the office holder is removed from office for cause under misbehaving in office, extraordinary circumstances or decides personall ...

and, although each district judge is marginally supervised by a

chief judge A chief judge (also known as presiding judge, president judge or principal judge) is the highest-ranking or most senior member of a lower court or circuit court with more than one judge. According to the Federal judiciary of the United States, th ...

, there was little national oversight of each judge's case management practices. Congress enacted CJRA in response to complaints of significant delays in the resolution of civil litigation in the federal courts; the CJRA was designed to encourage the speedy resolution of civil matters (both cases and motions) by requiring the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts to prepare and publish a semi-annual report showing, by U.S. district judge and

magistrate judge The term magistrate is used in a variety of systems of governments and laws to refer to a civilian officer who administers the law. In ancient Rome, a '' magistratus'' was one of the highest ranking government officers, and possessed both judici ...

, all motions pending more than six months, all bench trials submitted more than six months, all bankruptcy appeals pending more than six months, all Social Security appeal cases pending more than six months, and all civil cases pending more than three years.

All titles

* Title I is the "

Civil Justice Reform Act of 1990 The Civil Justice Reform Act ("CJRA", as Title I of the Judicial Improvements Act of 1990, ) is a U.S. federal law enacted in 1990. It was the last major expansion of the Federal US Judiciary. Federal Judges in the United States have lifetime tenur ...

" (CJRA). * Title II is the " Federal Judgeship Act of 1990". * Title III is the " Federal Courts Study Committee Implementation Act of 1990." * Title IV is the " Judicial Discipline and Removal Reform Act of 1990." * Title V is the " Television Program Improvement Act of 1990." * Title VI is the " Visual Artists Rights Act of 1990." Title VII is the "Architectural Works Copyright Protection Act." * Title VIII is the " Computer Software Rental Amendments Act of 1990."

References

{{US-law-stub Court administration Federal judiciary of the United States 1990 in law United States federal legislation articles without infoboxes