Federal judges are judges appointed by a federal level of government as opposed to the state/provincial/local level.
United States
A US federal judge is appointed by the
US President
The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States ...
and confirmed by the
US Senate
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States.
The composition and po ...
in accordance with
Article 3 of the Constitution. The
US Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point of ...
currently has 9 justices. The judges of 13
circuit courts of appeals and 94 federal
circuit courts are also appointed by the president and are therefore also "federal judges" (or Article III judges). Federal judges in the United States are appointed for life (impeachment through the US Congress is possible).
For 2018, Article III judges include 807 judges: 9 in the Supreme Court, 179 in the district courts of appeal, 673 in the federal district courts, and 9 judges in the
federal court of international trade.
As of June 2021, there are nearly 700
federal judges in the United States.
Russia
The
judicial system of the Russian Federation does not define the concept of “federal judge”, but provides for the position of a judge of a federal court. At the same time, all judges in the
Russian Federation
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
have a single status (Article 2, Part 1 of the Law “On the Status of Judges in the Russian Federation”). As of 2009, there were 23,297 federal judges in the country in the general court system. Judges of federal courts are appointed by the
President of the Russian Federation
The president of the Russian Federation ( rus, Президент Российской Федерации, Prezident Rossiyskoy Federatsii) is the head of state of the Russian Federation. The president leads the executive branch of the federal ...
, and judges of the
Constitutional
A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed.
When these prin ...
and
Supreme Courts are appointed by the
Federation Council
The Federation Council (russian: Сове́т Федера́ции – ''Soviet Federatsii'', common abbreviation: Совфед – ''Sovfed''), or Senate (officially, starting from July 1, 2020) ( ru , Сенат , translit = Senat), is th ...
.
Brazil
In the words of the
Federal Constitution, the judge is an organ of the
Judiciary
The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law ...
. Thus, he is an agent of the State, responsible for saying the Law definitively. Specifically in the case of the Federal Court, the judge is responsible for judging the actions in which the Union, its autarchies and federal public companies are, in some way, interested. In addition, it also judges other matters, such as those involving foreign States, the dispute over indigenous rights, cases relating to nationality and naturalization, and the execution of foreign judgment.
In criminal matters, among others, it judges political crimes and criminal offenses committed to the detriment of goods, services or interests of the Union or its municipal entities or public companies, crimes against the organization of work and, as a general rule, crimes committed on board ships or aircraft.
References
Judges
Judge
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