Fazal Pookoya Thangal ( ar, سيّدفضل بوكوي سيّدفضل بوكوي; Yemen, c.1820 - Turkey, 1901), known as Sayyid Fadl and Fadl Pasha, was a Yemeni Islamic missionary and political activist in Kerala.
Birth and childhood
Fazal Pookoya Thangal was born in the 1820s, the son of
Sayyid Alavi Thangal
Sayyid ʿAlawī Mawlā al-Dawīlah al-Ḥusaynī Thangal ( ar, سيّد علوي مولى الدويلة , ml, സയ്യിദ് അലവി മൗലദാവീൽ അൽ ഹുസൈനി തങ്ങൾ) (1752–1845) was a Hadram ...
, a Muslim mystical and political leader, and Fathima Beevi, the daughter of Aboobacker Madani, a Muslim mystic. He spent his childhood studying under his father.
Thangal first learnt from one of his father's personal assistants, Alhaji Chalilakath Kuday, then from Parapanangadi Aboobacker Koya Musliyar, Baithan Musliyar Velliyangod Umar Khazi, Moideen Khazi, Calicut Khazi, Zainudeen Musliyar Thirurangadi and Sheikh Sayyid Abdulla Bin Umar. He studied
hadith
Ḥadīth ( or ; ar, حديث, , , , , , , literally "talk" or "discourse") or Athar ( ar, أثر, , literally "remnant"/"effect") refers to what the majority of Muslims believe to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval ...
,
fiqh
''Fiqh'' (; ar, فقه ) is Islamic jurisprudence. Muhammad-> Companions-> Followers-> Fiqh.
The commands and prohibitions chosen by God were revealed through the agency of the Prophet in both the Quran and the Sunnah (words, deeds, and ...
, and languages.
[ ]
Thangal went to
Mecca
Mecca (; officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah ()) is a city and administrative center of the Mecca Province of Saudi Arabia, and the Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red ...
to study after the death of his father in 1845, and returned to
Kerala
Kerala ( ; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile regions of Cochin, Malabar, South ...
in 1848.
Rebellions
In sermons he spoke about current conditions of
Malabar's people. He taught both Islam and the need to oppose British rule. The British duly investigated him.
Manjeri revolt
In August 1849 there was another revolt at Manjeri (location of a revolt in 1844).
Kulathur revolt
William Logan recorded three serious incidents of revolt suppressed by British forces between 1849 and 1852 in his
Malabar Manual
The ''Malabar Manual'' was an 1887 publication by William Logan, a Scottish officer of the Madras Civil Service under the British Government, appointed the Collector of Malabar. The work was commissioned by the Government of Madras, and origin ...
.
Exile from Malabar
The British discussed expelling Thangal after the release of the T. L. Strange commission investigation report,
[P Radhakrishnan Peasant Struggles, Land Reforms and Social Change: Malabar 1836-1982 - Page 33: "relatively calm north Malabar, in February that year the government appointed T.L. Strange, a judge of the Sadar Adalat with long experience in Malabar, as the first Special Commissioner to inquire into these outbreaks. Strange Commission"] but district collector
H.V. Conolly wanted to exile him only from Malabar. As it happened, he was exiled to Arabia.
The Mappila
killed Conolly.
Writings
Thangal's works include:
*Uddathul Umara' Val Hukkam Li Ihanathil Kafarah va Abadathil Asnam (عدة الامراء و الحكام لاهانة الكفرة و عبدة الاصنام)
*Hulalul Ehsan Fee Thsyeenul Insane ( حلال الاحسان في تحسين الانسان)
*Asasul Islam fee Bayani Ahkem (اساس الاسلام في بيان الاحكام)
*Bavarikul Fathyana: lee Thaqviyathul Bihyana (بوارك الفتيان لتقوية البنتيان)
*Risalathul Muslim Ila Habir lee Edrakul Gabir (رسالة المسلمين للحابر يدروغ الكبير)
* ishafful Shafeeque fee Bayarakkelk (اشعاف شفيق في بيارك)
*Athareekul Hanafiy (التاريخ الحنفية)
*Thadheerul Hqyar Aquar Min Rukubil Hari Vannur (تظهير الحقيار من رقوب الحاري و النور )
*Vadhathul Umrah Val Hokum lee Ehanthil Kashrathi Vahabyathul Hayan (وحدة العمرة و الحكوم ل للاعانة الكفرة) وعبودية العصيان)
* Edhah Ul Asrar (اظهار الاسرار)
*Al Fuyathul Elahin
See also
*
Mappila riots#Riot inciters
References
{{Authority control
1820s births
1901 deaths
Islam in Kerala
Mappilas
19th-century Indian Muslims
Riots and civil disorder in India
Manjeri