Fausto Veranzio
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Fausto Veranzio ( la, Faustus Verantius; hr, Faust Vrančić; Hungarian and Vernacular Latin: ''Verancsics Faustus'';Andrew L. Simon
Made in Hungary: Hungarian contributions to universal culture
/ref>The Hungarian Quarterly, Vol. XLII * No. 162 *, Summer 2001
László Sipka: Innovators and Innovations
1551 – 20 January 1617) was a
polymath A polymath ( el, πολυμαθής, , "having learned much"; la, homo universalis, "universal human") is an individual whose knowledge spans a substantial number of subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific pro ...
and
bishop A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is ca ...
from
Šibenik Šibenik () is a historic city in Croatia, located in central Dalmatia, where the river Krka flows into the Adriatic Sea. Šibenik is a political, educational, transport, industrial and tourist center of Šibenik-Knin County, and is also the ...
, then part of the
Republic of Venice The Republic of Venice ( vec, Repùblega de Venèsia) or Venetian Republic ( vec, Repùblega Vèneta, links=no), traditionally known as La Serenissima ( en, Most Serene Republic of Venice, italics=yes; vec, Serenìsima Repùblega de Venèsia, ...
.


Life


Family history

Fausto was born in Sebenico (Šibenik),
Venetian Dalmatia Venetian Dalmatia ( la, Dalmatia Veneta) refers to parts of Dalmatia under the rule of the Republic of Venice, mainly from the 15th to the 18th centuries. Dalmatia was first sold to Venice in 1409 but Venetian Dalmatia was not fully consolidated f ...
into the family of counts Vrančić (Veranzio) who came from
Bosnia Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and He ...
(a branch of which later merged with Draganić family, creating the Counts Draganić-Vrančić), a notable family of writers and Berislavić family. He was the son of Michele Veranzio (), a Latin poet, and the nephew of
Antonio Antonio is a masculine given name of Etruscan origin deriving from the root name Antonius. It is a common name among Romance language-speaking populations as well as the Balkans and Lusophone Africa. It has been among the top 400 most popular male ...
( hr, Antun Vrančić),
archbishop of Esztergom In Christian denominations, an archbishop is a bishop of higher rank or office. In most cases, such as the Catholic Church, there are many archbishops who either have jurisdiction over an ecclesiastical province in addition to their own archdioc ...
(1504–1573), a
diplomat A diplomat (from grc, δίπλωμα; romanized ''diploma'') is a person appointed by a state or an intergovernmental institution such as the United Nations or the European Union to conduct diplomacy with one or more other states or internati ...
and a civil servant, who was in touch with
Erasmus Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (; ; English: Erasmus of Rotterdam or Erasmus;''Erasmus'' was his baptismal name, given after St. Erasmus of Formiae. ''Desiderius'' was an adopted additional name, which he used from 1496. The ''Roterodamus'' wa ...
(1465–1536),
Philip Melanchthon Philip Melanchthon. (born Philipp Schwartzerdt; 16 February 1497 – 19 April 1560) was a German Lutheran reformer, collaborator with Martin Luther, the first systematic theologian of the Protestant Reformation, intellectual leader of the Lu ...
(1497–1560), and Nikola IV Zrinski (1508–1566), who took Fausto with him during some of his travels through
Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...
and in the
Republic of Venice The Republic of Venice ( vec, Repùblega de Venèsia) or Venetian Republic ( vec, Repùblega Vèneta, links=no), traditionally known as La Serenissima ( en, Most Serene Republic of Venice, italics=yes; vec, Serenìsima Repùblega de Venèsia, ...
. Fausto's mother was from the
Berislavić Berislavić is a surname, derived from the male given name ''Berislav Berislav is a Slavic masculine given name derived from ''beri'' - "he/she carries" and ''slava'' - "glory, fame". Feminine form is Berislava. Another spelling is Berisav. The ...
family. His brother, Giovanni (), died still young in battle. While the family's main residence was in city of Šibenik, they owned a big summer house on
island An island (or isle) is an isolated piece of habitat that is surrounded by a dramatically different habitat, such as water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, skerries, cays or keys. An island ...
of Prvić, in place Šepurine, a neighboring place to Prvić-Luka (where he is buried in local church). The
Baroque The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including t ...
castle that was used by Vrančić family as summer residence is now in possession of the Draganić family.


Education and political activities

As a youth, Veranzio was interested in science. Still a child, he moved to
Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400  ...
, where he attended schools, and then to
Padua Padua ( ; it, Padova ; vec, Pàdova) is a city and ''comune'' in Veneto, northern Italy. Padua is on the river Bacchiglione, west of Venice. It is the capital of the province of Padua. It is also the economic and communications hub of the ...
to join the
University A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...
, where he focused on law,
physics Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge which r ...
,
engineering Engineering is the use of scientific method, scientific principles to design and build machines, structures, and other items, including bridges, tunnels, roads, vehicles, and buildings. The discipline of engineering encompasses a broad rang ...
and
mechanics Mechanics (from Ancient Greek: μηχανική, ''mēkhanikḗ'', "of machines") is the area of mathematics and physics concerned with the relationships between force, matter, and motion among physical objects. Forces applied to objects r ...
. At the court of King Rudolf II, at the
Hradčany Hradčany (; german: Hradschin), the Castle District, is the district of the city of Prague, Czech Republic surrounding Prague Castle. The castle is one of the biggest in the world at about in length and an average of about wide. Its history ...
castle in
Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...
, Veranzio was chancellor for Hungary and
Transylvania Transylvania ( ro, Ardeal or ; hu, Erdély; german: Siebenbürgen) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains, and to the west the Ap ...
often in contact with
Johannes Kepler Johannes Kepler (; ; 27 December 1571 – 15 November 1630) was a German astronomer, mathematician, astrologer, natural philosopher and writer on music. He is a key figure in the 17th-century Scientific Revolution, best known for his laws ...
and
Tycho Brahe Tycho Brahe ( ; born Tyge Ottesen Brahe; generally called Tycho (14 December 154624 October 1601) was a Danish astronomer, known for his comprehensive astronomical observations, generally considered to be the most accurate of his time. He was k ...
. After his wife's death, Veranzio left for Hungary. In 1598, he got the title of
bishop of Csanád A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is ca ...
(''Episcŏpus Csanadiensis'') ''
in partibus A titular see in various churches is an episcopal see of a former diocese that no longer functions, sometimes called a "dead diocese". The ordinary or hierarch of such a see may be styled a "titular metropolitan" (highest rank), "titular archbish ...
'' (even though he never set foot in
Csanád Csanád, also Chanadinus, or Cenad, was the first head ''(comes)'' of Csanád County in the Kingdom of Hungary in the first decades of the 11th century. Csanád defeated and killed Ajtony who had ruled over the region now known as Banat (in Roma ...
). In 1609, back in Venice, he joined the brotherhood of
Paul of Tarsus Paul; grc, Παῦλος, translit=Paulos; cop, ⲡⲁⲩⲗⲟⲥ; hbo, פאולוס השליח (previously called Saul of Tarsus;; ar, بولس الطرسوسي; grc, Σαῦλος Ταρσεύς, Saũlos Tarseús; tr, Tarsuslu Pavlus; ...
(
barnabites , image = Barnabites.svg , image_size = 150px , caption = One version of the Barnabite logo. "P.A." refers to Paul the Apostle and the three hills symbolize the vows of poverty, chastity and obedience. , a ...
) and committed himself to the study of science. Veranzio died in 1617 in Venice and was buried in
Dalmatia Dalmatia (; hr, Dalmacija ; it, Dalmazia; see #Name, names in other languages) is one of the four historical region, historical regions of Croatia, alongside Croatia proper, Slavonia, and Istria. Dalmatia is a narrow belt of the east shore of ...
, near his family's countryhouse on the island of Prvić.


Polymath and inventor

Veranzio's masterwork, ''Machinae Novae'' (Venice 1615 or 1616), contained 49 large pictures depicting 56 different
machine A machine is a physical system using Power (physics), power to apply Force, forces and control Motion, movement to perform an action. The term is commonly applied to artificial devices, such as those employing engines or motors, but also to na ...
s, devices, and technical
concept Concepts are defined as abstract ideas. They are understood to be the fundamental building blocks of the concept behind principles, thoughts and beliefs. They play an important role in all aspects of cognition. As such, concepts are studied by s ...
s. Two variants of this work exist, one with the ''"Declaratio"'' in Latin and Italian, the other with the addition of three other languages. Only a few copies survived and they often do not present a complete text in all the five languages. This book was written in Italian,
Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Cana ...
,
French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
and
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...
.Original ''Machine Novae'', Fausto VERANZIO
- Malavasi Library, Milan - a complete and very detailed description of first and second editions of Veranzio's most famous work, "''Machine Nove''"
The tables represent a varied set of the projects, inventions and creations of the author. There Veranzio wrote about water and solar energy, the universal clock (Plates 6–7), several types of mills, agricultural machinery, various types of bridges in various materials, machinery for clearing the sea, a dual sedan traveling on mule (Plate 47), special coaches, and ''Homo Volans'' (Plate 38) a forerunner of the parachute. His work included a ''portable boat'' (Plate 39), that is to say a boat that, thanks to the same energy as the current may go against the river (Plate 40). It was his idea to use the printing rotary principle (e.g. grinding them printers, Plate 46) in order to alleviate the great difficulty of printers and improve results. Despite the extraordinary rarity of this book (because the author published it at his own expense, without a publisher and having to stop printing because of lack of funds), the ''Machinae Novae'' was the work which mainly contributed to Veranzio's popularity around the world. His design pictures were even reprinted a few years later and published in China.


Veranzio's parachute

One of the illustrations in ''Machinae Novae'' is a sketch of a parachute dubbed ''Homo Volans'' ("The Flying Man"). Having examined
Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (15 April 14522 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, Drawing, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect. While his fame initially res ...
's rough sketches of a
parachute A parachute is a device used to slow the motion of an object through an atmosphere by creating drag or, in a ram-air parachute, aerodynamic lift. A major application is to support people, for recreation or as a safety device for aviators, who ...
, Veranzio designed a parachute of his own.
Paolo Guidotti Cavaliere Paolo Guidotti, also known as il Cavalier Borghese (Lucca, 1559 - 1629) was an Italian painter, sculptor and architect, active in Rome, Lucca, Pisa, Reggio Emilia, Napoli. Biography He was described as having a ''ingegno bizzarro'', ...
already attempted to carry out Leonardo's theories, ending by falling on a house roof and breaking his thigh bone (about 1590); but while Francis Godwin was writing his flying romance ''The Man in the Moone"'', Fausto Veranzio is widely believed to have performed an actual parachute jumping experiment and, therefore, to be the first man to build and test a parachute: according to the story passed on, Veranzio, in 1617, at over sixty-five years of age, implemented his design and tested the parachute by jumping from
St Mark's Campanile St Mark's Campanile ( it, Campanile di San Marco, ) is the bell tower of St Mark's Basilica in Venice, Italy. The current campanile is a reconstruction completed in 1912, the previous tower having collapsed in 1902. At in height, it is the tal ...
in Venice. This event was documented some 30 years later in a book '' Mathematical Magick or, the Wonders that may be Performed by Mechanical Geometry'' (London, 1648) written by
John Wilkins John Wilkins, (14 February 1614 – 19 November 1672) was an Anglican clergyman, natural philosopher, and author, and was one of the founders of the Royal Society. He was Bishop of Chester from 1668 until his death. Wilkins is one of the fe ...
, the secretary of the
Royal Society The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences. The society fulfils a number of roles: promoting science and its benefits, re ...
in London. However, in his ''Mathematical Magick'', John Wilkins wrote about flying and about his persuasion that flying would become possible.''Mathematical Magick'', second book, chapter VII Persons jumping from high towers and methods for slowing down their fall were not his concern. His treatise does not even mention the name of Fausto Veranzio, nor does it document any jump by parachute or any event at all in 1617. No evidence has ever been found that anybody ever tested Veranzio's parachute.


Mills and wind turbines

His areas of interest in engineering and mechanics were broad. Mills were one of his main point of research, where he created 18 different designs. He envisioned
windmill A windmill is a structure that converts wind power into rotational energy using vanes called windmill sail, sails or blades, specifically to mill (grinding), mill grain (gristmills), but the term is also extended to windpumps, wind turbines, and ...
s with both vertical and horizontal axes, with different wing constructions to improve their efficiency. The idea of a mill powered by tides incorporated accumulation pools filled with water by the high tide and emptied when the tide ebbed, simply using
gravity In physics, gravity () is a fundamental interaction which causes mutual attraction between all things with mass or energy. Gravity is, by far, the weakest of the four fundamental interactions, approximately 1038 times weaker than the stro ...
; the concept has just recently been engineered and used. The first wind turbines were described by Fausto Veranzio. In his book Machinae Novae (1616) he described
vertical axis wind turbine A vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) is a type of wind turbine where the main rotor shaft is set transverse to the wind while the main components are located at the base of the turbine. This arrangement allows the generator and gearbox to be ...
s with curved or V-shaped blades.


Urbanist and engineer in Rome and Venice

By order of the
Pope The pope ( la, papa, from el, πάππας, translit=pappas, 'father'), also known as supreme pontiff ( or ), Roman pontiff () or sovereign pontiff, is the bishop of Rome (or historically the patriarch of Rome), head of the worldwide Cathol ...
, he spent two years in
Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...
where he envisioned and made projects needed for regulating rivers, since Rome was often flooded by the
Tiber The Tiber ( ; it, Tevere ; la, Tiberis) is the third-longest river in Italy and the longest in Central Italy, rising in the Apennine Mountains in Emilia-Romagna and flowing through Tuscany, Umbria, and Lazio, where it is joined by the Riv ...
river. He also tackled the problem of the wells and water supply of Venice, which is surrounded by sea. Devices to register the time using water, fire, or other methods were envisioned and materialized. His own sun clock was effective in reading the time, date, and month, but functioned only in the middle of the day. The construction method of building metal bridges and the mechanics of the forces in the area of statics were also part of his research. He drew proposals which predated the actual construction of modern
suspension bridge A suspension bridge is a type of bridge in which the deck (bridge), deck is hung below suspension wire rope, cables on vertical suspenders. The first modern examples of this type of bridge were built in the early 1800s. Simple suspension bridg ...
s and cable-stayed bridges by over two centuries. The last area was described when further developed in a separate book by mathematician Simon de Bruges (
Simon Stevin Simon Stevin (; 1548–1620), sometimes called Stevinus, was a Flemish mathematician, scientist and music theorist. He made various contributions in many areas of science and engineering, both theoretical and practical. He also translated vario ...
) in 1586. Veranzio also designed the concept to modern
tied-arch bridge A tied-arch bridge is an arch bridge in which the outward horizontal forces of the arch(es) caused by tension at the arch ends to a foundation are countered by equal tension of its own gravity plus any element of the total deck structure such grea ...
s,
through arch bridge A through arch bridge, also known as a through-type arch bridge, is a bridge that is made from materials such as steel or reinforced concrete, in which the base of an arch structure is below the deck but the top rises above it. It can either be lo ...
s,
truss bridge A truss bridge is a bridge whose load-bearing superstructure is composed of a truss, a structure of connected elements, usually forming triangular units. The connected elements (typically straight) may be stressed from tension, compression, or ...
s and aerial lifts. File:Pons ferrevs by Faust Vrančić.jpg, Drawing of suspension cable-stayed bridge by Fausto Veranzio in his ''Machinae Novae'' File:Suspension bridge fausto veranzio.jpg, Drawing of a suspension bridge by Fausto Veranzio (''Machinae Novae'') File:Through arch bridge and tied arch bridge.jpg, Early design of a tied-arch/through arch bridge by Fausto Veranzio File:Faust vrancic arch bridge wood.jpg, Truss arch bridge by Fausto Veranzio File:Early design of truss bridge.jpg, Primitive design of an early truss bridge by Fausto Veranzio File:Aerial lift design by Fausto Veranzio.gif, Design for an aerial lift by Fausto Veranzio (''Machinae Novae'')


Lexicography

Veranzio was the author of a five-language
dictionary A dictionary is a listing of lexemes from the lexicon of one or more specific languages, often arranged alphabetically (or by radical and stroke for ideographic languages), which may include information on definitions, usage, etymologies ...
, ''Dictionarium quinque nobilissimarum Europæ linguarum, Latinæ, Italicæ, Germanicæ, Dalmatiæ, & Vngaricæ'', published in Venice in 1595, with 5,000 entries for each language:
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
, Italian,
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...
, the Dalmatian vernacular (in particular, the chakavian dialect of Croatian) and Hungarian. These he called the "five noblest European languages" ("''quinque nobilissimarum Europæ linguarum''").When Petrus Lodereckerus published in 1606 his
Dictionarivm septem diversarvm lingvarvm
videlicet Latine, Italice, Dalmatice, Bohemicè, Polonicè, Germanicè, & Vngaricè, vna cum cuiuslibet linguæ registro siue repertorio vernaculo, Singulari studio & industria collectum a Petro Lodereckeroin'' (
Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...
), he included two more languages than Veranzio's ''pentadictionary'': Czech and
Polish Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Poles, people from Poland or of Polish descent * Polish chicken *Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwr ...
, with the addition of indices in Latin for each language.
The ''Dictionarium'' is a very early and significant example of both Croatian and Hungarian lexicography, and contains, in addition to the parallel list of vocabulary, other documentation of these two languages. In particular, Veranzio listed in the ''Dictionarium'' 304 Hungarian words that he deemed to be borrowed from Croatian. Also, at the end of the book, Veranzio included Croatian language versions of the
Ten Commandments The Ten Commandments (Biblical Hebrew עשרת הדברים \ עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים, ''aséret ha-dvarím'', lit. The Decalogue, The Ten Words, cf. Mishnaic Hebrew עשרת הדיברות \ עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדִּבְ ...
, the
Lord's Prayer The Lord's Prayer, also called the Our Father or Pater Noster, is a central Christian prayer which Jesus taught as the way to pray. Two versions of this prayer are recorded in the gospels: a longer form within the Sermon on the Mount in the Gosp ...
, the
Ave Maria The Hail Mary ( la, Ave Maria) is a traditional Christian prayer addressing Mary, the mother of Jesus. The prayer is based on two biblical passages featured in the Gospel of Luke: the Angel Gabriel's visit to Mary (the Annunciation) and Mary's s ...
and the
Apostles' Creed The Apostles' Creed (Latin: ''Symbolum Apostolorum'' or ''Symbolum Apostolicum''), sometimes titled the Apostolic Creed or the Symbol of the Apostles, is a Christian creed or "symbol of faith". The creed most likely originated in 5th-century Ga ...
. In an extension of the dictionary called ''Vocabula dalmatica quae Ungri sibi usurparunt'', there is a list of Proto-Croatian words that entered the
Hungarian language Hungarian () is an Uralic language spoken in Hungary and parts of several neighbouring countries. It is the official language of Hungary and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union. Outside Hungary, it is also spoken by Hungarian ...
. The book greatly influenced the formation of both the Croatian and Hungarian
orthography An orthography is a set of conventions for writing a language, including norms of spelling, hyphenation, capitalization, word breaks, emphasis, and punctuation. Most transnational languages in the modern period have a writing system, and mos ...
; the Hungarian language accepted his suggestions, for example, the usage of ''ly'', '' ny'', ''sz'', and ''cz''. It was also the first dictionary of the Hungarian language, printed four times, in Venice,
Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...
(1606), Pozun (1834), and in
Zagreb Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital (political), capital and List of cities and towns in Croatia#List of cities and towns, largest city of Croatia. It is in the Northern Croatia, northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slop ...
(1971). The work was an important source of inspiration for other European dictionaries such as a Hungarian and Italian dictionary written by
Bernardino Baldi Bernardino Baldi (5 June 1553 – 10 October 1617) was an Italian mathematician, poet, translator and priest. Baldi descended from a noble family from Urbino, Marche, where he was born. He pursued his studies at Padua, and is said to have spoken ...
, a German ''Thesaurus polyglottus'' by humanist and lexicographer Hieronymus Megiser, and multilingual ''Dictionarium septem diversarum linguarum'' by Peterus Lodereckerus of Prague in 1605.


History and philosophy

Only a few of Veranzio's works related to history remain: ''Regulae cancellariae regni Hungariae'' and ''De Slavinis seu Sarmatis in Dalmatia'' exist in manuscript form, while ''Scriptores rerum hungaricum'' was published in 1798. In ''Logica nova'' ("New logic") and ''Ethica christiana'' ("Christian ethics"), which were published in a single Venetian edition in 1616, Veranzio dealt with the problems of
theology Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing the ...
regarding the ideological clash between the
Reformation The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and in ...
movement and
Catholicism The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
.
Tommaso Campanella Tommaso Campanella (; 5 September 1568 – 21 May 1639), baptized Giovanni Domenico Campanella, was an Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, theologian, astrologer, and poet. He was prosecuted by the Roman Inquisition for heresy in 1594 and w ...
(1568–1639) and the
Archbishop of Split The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Split-Makarska ( hr, Splitsko-makarska nadbiskupija; la, Archidioecesis Spalatensis-Macarscensis) is a Metropolitan archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic church in Croatia and Montenegro.
Marco Antonio de Dominis Marco Antonio de Dominis ( hr, Markantun de Dominis; 1560September 1624) was a Dalmatian ecclesiastic, archbishop of Split and Primate of Dalmatia and all Croatia, adjudged heretic of the Catholic faith, and man of science. Early life He was ...
(1560–1624) were his intellectual counterparts.


Legacy

When
Ludwig Wittgenstein Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein ( ; ; 26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austrian-British philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language. He is considere ...
(1889–1951), Austrian-British philosopher and mathematician, moving from Berlin to England, began studying
mechanical engineering Mechanical engineering is the study of physical machines that may involve force and movement. It is an engineering branch that combines engineering physics and mathematics principles with materials science, to design, analyze, manufacture, and ...
in 1908, he was highly influenced by his reading of Renaissance technical treatises, particularly Veranzio's ''Machinae Novae''. The 17th century ''Brooklyn Tidal Mill'' in
Long Island Long Island is a densely populated island in the southeastern region of the U.S. state of New York (state), New York, part of the New York metropolitan area. With over 8 million people, Long Island is the most populous island in the United Sta ...
(NY), one of the most popular and few still standing mills in the New York City area, was built after the plan of Fausto Veranzio.ISES Congress 2007
''Nothing New Under the Sun or Every Little Bit Helps Tidal Power: Status & Perspectives'' R.H. Charlier, M.C.P. Chaineux, C.W. Finkl, A.C Thys, Vol. I–V, Springer
In 1965, ''"Faust Vrančić" Astronomy Society'' was founded in Šibenik. In 1969, the medallion with his figure, work by Kosta Angeli Radovani, was embedded in the rector's chain of the
University of Zagreb The University of Zagreb ( hr, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, ; la, Universitas Studiorum Zagrabiensis) is the largest Croatian university and the oldest continuously operating university in the area covering Central Europe south of Vienna and all of ...
. In 1992, the
Croatian Parliament The Croatian Parliament ( hr, Hrvatski sabor) or the Sabor is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Croatia. Under the terms of the Croatian Constitution, the Sabor represents the people and is vested with legislative power. The Sabor ...
established the ''"Faust Vrančić" National Award for Technical Culture'' which is awarded to individuals, associations and other legal persons for outstanding achievements in technical culture. In 1993, his bust was erected at the Nikola Tesla Technical Museum's ''Sculpture Garden of the Croatian Geniuses of Science and Technology''. In 2012,
Faust Vrančić Memorial Centre
' was opened on the island of Prvić where visitors can learn more about Veranzio's life and see his most famous inventions.
Croatian Navy , image = Seal of Croatian Navy.png , caption = Emblem of the Croatian Navy , start_date = 1991 , country = , allegiance = , branch = , type = Navy , role = , size = 1,36330 vessels , command_structure = Armed Forces of Croatia , gar ...
's rescue ship BS-73, as well as many schools and streets in Croatia, were named after him. Cultural event ''Days of Faust Vrančić'' is held annually in Šibenik.


Works

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See also

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List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby union ...


Notes


References


Great machines
Volume 69, Franz Engler, illustrated CIPIA, 1997 (University of Michigan) p. 4-14
"Bridges and men"
Joseph Gies, Doubleday, University of Michigan, 2009
Aspects of Materials Handling
Dr. K.C. Arora, Vikas V. Shinde - Firewall Media, 2007,
Instruments in art and science: on the architectonics of cultural boundaries
Helmar Schramm, Ludger Schwarte, Jan Lazardzig - Literary Criticism, 2008
Sugar and society in China: peasants, technology, and the world market
S. Mazumdar - Harvard University Asia Center, Cambridge Mass. 1998, ,
Engineering in history
Richard Shelton Kirby, Technology & Engineering, 1990
Means and Methods Analysis of a Cast-In-Place Balanced Cantilever Segmental Bridge: Veranzio’s Machinae Novae
Gunnar Lucko - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2000
American building art: the nineteenth century
Carl W. Condit, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS - page 163:
The birth of modern science
The making of Europe, P. Rossi, Wiley-Blackwell, 2001
Water architecture in the lands of Syria: the water-wheelsThe Italian Achievement: An A-Z Over 1000 'Firsts' Achieved by Italians in Almost Every Aspect of Life Over the Last 1000 Years
A. Baron Renaissance, 2008 University of California
History of Technology
History of Technology, Graham Hollister-Short. A brief history of the technology through the centuries. The author is ''Honorary Lecteur'' of the Imperial College of London
Charles Joseph Singer, ''A History of Technology''
Charles Singer (British historian of science and medicine)
''Dizionario bibliografico degli uomini illustri della Dalmazia''
Šime Ljubić
Archibald Montgomery Low, ''Parachutes in peace and war''
Archibald Low Archibald Montgomery Low (17 October 1888 – 13 September 1956) developed the first powered drone aircraft. He was an English consulting engineer, research physicist and inventor, and author of more than 40 books. Low has been called the "fa ...
(English consulting engineer, research physicist and inventor, called "the father of the radio guidance systems"), 1942
''Medieval religion and technology: collection of essays''
(1978),
Lynn Townsend Lynn may refer to: People and fictional characters * Lynn (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters * Lynn (surname) * The Lynns, a 1990s American country music duo consisting of twin sisters Peggy and Patsy Lynn * Lynn ...
, professor of medieval history at Princeton, Stanford and UCLA.
''Anthropological series''
(vol. 18), Field Museum of Natural History, Field Columbian Museum.
''Technology and culture''
Society for the History of Technology, vol. 9, 1968
Design paradigms: case histories of error and judgment in engineering
Henry Petroski CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1994
Technological concepts and mathematical models in the evolution of modern engineering systems: controlling, managing, organizing
Mario Lucertini, Ana Millán Gasc, F. Nicolò, Birkhäuser, 2004, *
Histoire des sciences mathématiques en Italie:
depuis la renaissance des lettres jusqu'à la fin du dix-septième siècle'' Ghent University, 1848
Musei per la scienza - Science museums
L.B.Peressut, Pub. Lybra imagine, (illustrated) 1998,


External links

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Veranzio, Fausto Croatian scientists Croatian inventors Croatian engineers Croatian philosophers People from Šibenik 1551 births 1617 deaths Italian lexicographers Republic of Venice scientists Croatian lexicographers Venetian Renaissance humanists Croatian Renaissance humanists 16th-century Venetian writers 16th-century male writers 16th-century Croatian people Linguists from Croatia Sustainable transport pioneers University of Padua alumni Catholic clergy scientists 16th-century Latin-language writers 17th-century Latin-language writers History of Šibenik